ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME

( mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)

Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian là mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng các liên từ chỉ thời gian như:
when (khi, vào lúc), while, as (trong khi),
until, till (cho đến khi), as soon as, once (ngay khi),
before (trước khi), after (sau khi),
as long as , so long as (chừng nào mà), since (từ khi) ....,
by the time
Hardly …..when……………./ No sooner…………..than……….(ngay khi..thì đã/ vừa mới …
thì đã)
Eg:
- When we were in New York, we saw several plays.
- I’ll phone you as soon as I get back from work.
- We stayed there until it stopped raining.
1. Sự hòa hợp giữa ĐT trong MĐ chính và MĐTN chỉ thời gian:

Main clause Conjunctions Adverb clause of time

when
as soon as
S + will + V/ S + V (s.present)
after
+ be going to + inf (present perfect)
before
until

S + will have + P2 by the time S + V (simple present)

Eg: - Bob will come soon. When Bob comes, we will see him.
- Linda is going to leave soon. Before she leaves, she is going to finish her work.
- We’ll be able to leave for the airport as soon as the taxi arrives.
- I’ll wait here until they come back.
- By the time Mai graduates from university next year, her father will have been retired.
 Main clause Conjunction Adverb clause of time

when
until
S + V (simple past) before S+ V (simple past)
after
as soon as

Eg:
- She said goodbye before she left.
- I started school when I was six.
- We stayed there until we finished work.
- My mother went home after she finished work at the office.
- My mother went home as soon as she finished work at the office.

Main clause Conjunction Adverb clause of time

while
S + V (simple past) as S+ V (past continuous)

S+ V (past continuous) while S + V(past continuous)

S + V(past continuous) when S + V (simple past)

Eg:
- The telephone rang while we were having dinner.
- As I was walking home, it began to rain.
- I was cooking dinner while my husband was reading a book.
- He was talking on the phone when I arrived.

Main clause Conjunction Adverb clause of time

S + V (present perfect) since S + V (simple past )

Eg: - We haven’t met each other since we left school.
- I have played the piano since I was a child.
 Main clause Conjunction Adverb clause of time
after
S + V (simple past) as soon as S+ V (past perfect)

before
S + V (past perfect) by the time S + V (simple past)

Eg: - She got a job after she had graduated from university.
- She got a job as soon as she had graduated from university.
- She had left before he came.
- By the time he arrived, we had already finished work.

2. Đảo ngữ của mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian:

No sooner than …+ S2 + Ved
(ngay sau khi …..)
Scarcely + had + S1 + PII when
Barely when
Hardly when
Eg: No sooner had he come than she left.
=> Hardly had he come when she left.

It was not until + S1 + V1(qk) that + S2 + V2 (qk): mãi cho đến khi
+ thời gian that + S + V
=> Not until + S1 + V1/ thời gian + trợ động từ + S2 + V2

Eg: It was not until I became a mother that I knew how my mother loved me.
 Not until I became a mother did I know how my mother loved me.

Only after/ only when/only until + S1 + V1 + trợ động từ + S2 + V2

Eg: Only when I talked to her did I like her.