to activation states [104].

The new formation of neurons appears in certain areas

moreand fewer in other areas in old mice and humans [100,101,105]. Adult
hippocampusneurogenesis seems to be regulated by exercise, diet, and social
interactions [93,103].It is believed that the hippocampus helps to process sensory
information, including au-ditory information, and integrates this information with
existing knowledge and memoriesto create a coherent representation of the
environment [92]. Studies have shown that thehippocampus is shaped by sound
exposure and can be altered by changes in the auditoryinput [106]. In addition,
recent research has also shown that the hippocampus plays a role inprocessing
auditory information for speech perception and comprehension [98]. However,it is
not directly involved in processing auditory information or multisensory
integration.Instead, the hippocampus is primarily associated with consolidating
short-term memoriesinto long-term memories and spatial memory, which is the ability
to navigate and remem-ber spatial environments. These findings highlight the
importance of the hippocampus inshaping our perceptions of the world and forming
memories.Further research is needed to understand better the specific mechanisms by
whichthe hippocampus processes and integrates auditory information and how this
informationinfluences spatial navigation and memory formation [106] beyond the
pleasure of musicsound [107]. A hierarchy of sound can track how the hippocampus
affects auditory infor-mation [98]. The evidence suggests a connection between the
AC and the belt area reachingthe perirhinal cortex and the hippocampus [77,98].
Correlating auditory experience can beidentified with the extent of broad
contributions, which, ultimately, connect hearing lossand dementia, including AD
[98].Pathological changes, including amyloid deposition (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangle
(t-tau), and brain atrophy, present themselves years before dementia [95,108]. The
associationbetween hearing impairment, cognitive decline, brain structure, and
Aβand tau proteinlevels in the cerebrospinal fluid were investigated [109]. Poor
hearing performance wasassociated with reduced amygdala, thalamus, and nucleus
accumbens volumes and a hight-tau protein level. Hearing impairment was
significantly associated with the volume of thehippocampus, but the association
disappeared after the Bonferroni correction [109]. Thesignificantly higher t-tau
protein levels in the hearing impairment group require furtherresearch to establish
the mechanisms underlying the link between t-tau protein and avolume reduction,
particularly the temporal gyri [95].In summary, the hippocampus is involved with
hearing but is not critical, whiletau levels strongly correlate with ADs and the
temporal gyri. Further work is needed toconsolidate AD’s relation to degenerative
processes in the AC (a common cause of ADsaffects AC) and how AC degeneration
affects hearing