COUNTRIES & REGIONS

Cuba
 Table of Contents

01 Population Youth unemployment rate in Cuba in 2022 22

Import of goods to Cuba 2021 23
Total population of Cuba 2022 03
Most important import partners of Cuba 2019 24
Population growth in Cuba 2022 04
Export of goods from Cuba 2022 25
Crude birth rate in Cuba 2011-2021 05
Most important export partner countries for Cuba in 2019 26
Fertility rate in Cuba 2021 06
Trade balance of goods of Cuba 2021 27
Life expectancy at birth in Cuba 2021 07
Ratio of military expenditure to gross domestic product (GDP) in Cuba 2018 28
Life expectancy at birth in Cuba 2021, by gender 08
Satisfaction with the current economic system in Cuba 2015 29
Age structure in Cuba 2021 09
Median age of the population in Cuba 2020 10
03 Politics
Death rate in Cuba 2021 11
Infant mortality rate in Cuba 2021 12 Satisfaction with the current political system in Cuba 2015 31

Urbanization in Cuba 2022 13 Survey: actions by the Cuban government to improve inhabitants' situation 2015 32

Survey on most needed changes for the Cuban population 2015 14 Popularity of Fidel Castro in Cuba 2015 33
Effect of improved relations between Cuba and the United States on Cuba 2015 34

02 Economy
Gross domestic product (GDP) in current U.S. dollars in Cuba 2020 16
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in current U.S. dollars in Cuba 2020 17
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Cuba 2021 18
Distribution of gross domestic product (GDP) across economic sectors Cuba 2021 19
Labor force participation rate in Cuba 2021 20
Unemployment rate in Cuba 2022 21

1
CHAPTER 01

Population
 Cuba: Total population from 2012 to 2022 (in million inhabitants)
Total population of Cuba 2022

12 11.31 11.32 11.33 11.34 11.34 11.34 11.33 11.32 11.3 11.26 11.21

10
Inhabitants in millions

0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

3 Description: In 2022, the total population in Cuba remained nearly unchanged at around 11.21 million inhabitants. Yet 2022 saw the lowest total population in Cuba with 11.21 million inhabitants. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; 2012 to 2022
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: Population growth from 2012 to 2022 (compared to previous year)
Population growth in Cuba 2022

0.2%

0.11%
0.09% 0.09%
Population growth compared to previous year

0.1% 0.07%
0.02%
0.0%

-0.05%
-0.1% -0.07%
-0.1%
-0.14%
-0.2%

-0.3%

-0.4%
-0.39% -0.39%

-0.5%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

4 Description: In 2022, the annual population growth in Cuba did not change in comparison to the previous year. The annual population growth remained at -0.39 percent. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; 2012 to 2022
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: Birth rate from 2011 to 2021 (per 1,000 inhabitants)
Crude birth rate in Cuba 2011-2021

14

11.76
12 11.19 11.12 10.86 10.97
Birth rate per thousand population

10.35 10.18 10.35

9.75
10 9.34
8.92

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

5 Description: The crude birth rate in Cuba decreased by 0.4 live births per 1,000 inhabitants (-4.28 percent) in 2021 in comparison to the previous year. This marks the lowest rate during the observed period. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; 2011 to 2021; crude birth rate
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: Fertility rate from 2011 to 2021
Fertility rate in Cuba 2021

2.0

1.76
1.8 1.69 1.69
1.68 1.66
1.61 1.63
1.59
1.6 1.55
Number of children born per woman

1.5
1.44
1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

6 Description: The total fertility rate in Cuba decreased by 0.1 children per woman (-6.67 percent) since the previous year. This marks the lowest fertility rate during the observed period. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; 2011 to 2021
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: Life expectancy at birth from 2011 to 2021
Life expectancy at birth in Cuba 2021

90

80 77.76 77.83 77.87 77.85 77.77 77.64 77.53 77.5 77.61 77.57
73.68

70
Life expectancy at birth in years

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

7 Description: In 2021, the total life expectancy at birth in Cuba decreased by 3.9 years (-5.03 percent) since 2020. As a result, the life expectancy at birth in Cuba saw its lowest number in 2021 with 73.68 years. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; 2011 to 2021
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: Life expectancy at birth from 2011 to 2021, by gender
Life expectancy at birth in Cuba 2021, by gender

female male
82.0

80.06 80.12 80.16 80.17 80.15 80.11 80.07 80.05 80.08 80.23
80.0
Life expectancy at birth in years

78.0
76.36
75.58 75.66 75.69 75.64 75.51
76.0 75.3 75.12 75.24
75.07 75.04

74.0

72.0 71.25

70.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

8 Description: This statistic shows the average life expectancy at birth in Cuba from 2011 to 2021, by gender. In 2021, life expectancy at birth for women in Cuba was about 76.36 years, while life expectancy at birth for men was about 71.25 years on average. Read more
Note(s): Cuba
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: Age structure from 2011 to 2021
Age structure in Cuba 2021

0-14 years 15-64 years 65 years and older

100%
12.99% 13.3% 13.61% 13.88% 14.14% 14.41% 14.69% 14.99% 15.29% 15.55% 15.67%
90%

80%
Share of total population

70%

60%
69.46% 69.35% 69.26% 69.21% 69.16% 69.11% 69.04% 68.91% 68.75%
50% 68.59% 68.53%

40%

30%

20%

10% 17.55% 17.35% 17.13% 16.91% 16.69% 16.48% 16.27% 16.1% 15.97% 15.86% 15.8%
0%
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

9 Description: This statistic shows the age structure in Cuba from 2011 to 2021. In 2021, about 15.8 percent of Cuba's total population were aged 0 to 14 years. Read more
Note(s): Cuba
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: Average age of the population from 1950 to 2100 (median age in
years)
Median age of the population in Cuba 2020

60

52 52.2 52.5 52.9

49.7 50 50.7 51.4 51.8 51.9
48.9
50 46.8 47.9
45.1
43.4
41.1 41.8
39.6
40 37.3
Median age in years

34.7
32.1
29.3
30 26.8
24.8
23.1
21.2 21.3 21.5 21.2 20.8 21.4
20

10

*
50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

00

05

10

15

20
25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

00
19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

20

20

20

20

20
20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

21
10 Description: This statistic shows the median age of the population in Cuba from 1950 to 2100. The median age is the age that divides a population into two numerically equal groups; that is, half the people are younger than this age and half are older. It is a single
index that summarizes the age distribution of a population. In 2020, the median age of the Cuban population was 41.1 years. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; *Estimates. Read more
Source(s): United Nations
 Cuba: Death rate from 2011 to 2021 (in deaths per 1,000 inhabitants)
Death rate in Cuba 2021

16
14.65

14

12
Deaths per 1,000 inhabitants

10.23
9.62 9.81 9.86
10 9.06 9.35
8.57 8.67 8.83
8.42
8

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

11 Description: The death rate in Cuba increased by 4.4 deaths per 1,000 inhabitants (+43.01 percent) in 2021. Therefore, the death rate in Cuba reached a peak in 2021 with 14.65 deaths per 1,000 inhabitants. Notably, the death rate continuously increased over the last
years. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; 2011 to 2021
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: Infant mortality rate from 2011 to 2021 (in deaths per 1,000 live
births)
Infant mortality rate in Cuba 2021

6.0

4.9 4.8
5.0 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1
Deaths per 1,000 live births

4
4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

12 Description: The infant mortality rate in Cuba decreased by 0.1 deaths per 1,000 live births (-2.44 percent) since the previous year. Therefore, 2021 marks the lowest infant mortality rate during the observed period. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; 2011 to 2021
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: Urbanization from 2012 to 2022
Urbanization in Cuba 2022

76.78% 76.83% 76.86% 76.9% 76.93% 76.98% 77.04% 77.11% 77.19% 77.29% 77.4%

70%
Share of urban population in total population

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

13 Description: The share of urban population in Cuba saw no significant changes in 2022 in comparison to the previous year 2021 and remained at around 77.4 percent. Nevertheless, 2022 still represents a peak in the share in Cuba with 77.4 percent. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; 2012 to 2022
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: In your opinion, what do the people of Cuba need the most at this
time?
Survey on most needed changes for the Cuban population 2015

60%

50% 48%

40%
Share of respondents

30%
24% 24%

20%

10%
3%
1%
0%
Improved economy Open political system Improved quality of life Other Don't know / no answer

14 Description: This statistic shows the results of a 2015 survey among adult Cubans living in Cuba on their opinion on what the Cuban population needs most at this point in time. 48 percent of respondents stated that an improved economy was needed most by the
Cuban population at this time. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; March 17-27, 2015; 1,200 respondents; Adult Cubans living in Cuba
Source(s): Bendixen & Amandi
CHAPTER 02

Economy
 Cuba: Gross domestic product (GDP) in current U.S. dollars from 2010 to
2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) in current U.S. dollars in Cuba 2020

120
107.35
103.43
100.05
Gross domestic product in billion U.S. dollars

100 96.85
91.37
87.13
80.66
80 77.15
73.14
68.99
64.33

60

40

20

0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

16 Description: The statistic shows gross domestic product (GDP) in current U.S. dollars in Cuba from 2010 to 2020. Gross domestic product (GDP) denotes the aggregate value of all services and goods produced within a country in any given year. GDP is an important
indicator of a country's economic power. In 2020, Cuba's gross domestic product amounted to around 107.35 billion U.S. dollars. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; * Estimate. Figures have been rounded up to facilitate the comprehension of the statistic. Read more
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in current U.S. dollars
from 2010 to 2020 (in U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in current U.S. dollars in Cuba 2020

10,000 9,499.59
9,139.42
8,831.91
9,000 8,543.36
8,055.89
8,000 7,683.76
7,117.53
GDP per capita in U.S. dollars

6,814.24
7,000 6,467.34
6,106.01
6,000
5,275.53
5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

17 Description: The statistic shows gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in current U.S. dollars in Cuba from 2010 to 2020. GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year. It is considered to be a very important indicator of the economic
strength of a country and a positive change is an indicator of economic growth. In 2020, the estimated GDP per capita in Cuba amounted to around 9,499.59 U.S. dollars. Read more
Note(s): Cuba
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: Growth rate of the real gross domestic product (GDP) from 2011 to
2021 (compared to the previous year)
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Cuba 2021

6%
4.44%
4% 3.01%
2.8% 2.75%
2.25%
GDP growth compared to previous year

1.81%
2% 1.05% 1.25%
0.51%
0%
-0.16%
-2%

-4%

-6%

-8%

-10%

-12% -10.95%
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

18 Description: The growth rate of the real gross domestic product in Cuba increased by 12.2 percentage points since the previous year. This was a significant increase in the growth rate. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; 2011 to 2021
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: Distribution of gross domestic product (GDP) across economic
sectors from 2011 to 2021
Distribution of gross domestic product (GDP) across economic sectors Cuba 2021

Agriculture Industry Services

100%

90%

80%

70%
73.01% 71.66% 71.77% 72.88% 72.76% 72.05% 70.82% 70.21% 70.41% 73.51% 74.96%
60%
Share of GDP

50%

40%

30%

20%
22.26% 23.37% 23.15% 22.15% 22.35% 22.94% 24.36% 24.88% 24.55% 23.02% 23.35%
10%

0% 3.6% 3.85% 3.92% 3.94% 3.84% 3.94% 3.8% 3.78% 3.57% 2.76% 0.88%
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

19 Description: This statistic shows the distribution of the gross domestic product (GDP) across economic sectors in Cuba from 2011 to 2021. In 2021, agriculture contributed around 0.88 percent to the GDP of Cuba, 23.35 percent came from the industry and 74.96
percent from the services sector. Read more
Note(s): Cuba
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: Labor force participation rate from 2011 to 2021
Labor force participation rate in Cuba 2021

80%

70% 65.8% 66.22% 66.44% 66.74% 67.09% 67.32%

64.81% 65.2% 65.56%
63.97%
62.37%
60%
Labor force participation rate

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

20 Description: The labor participation rate among the total population aged between 15 and 64 in Cuba increased by 1.6 percentage points (+2.57 percent) in 2021. In total, the labor participation rate amounted to 63.97 percent in 2021. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; 2011 to 2021
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: Unemployment rate from 2003 to 2022
Unemployment rate in Cuba 2022

4.0%

3.46%
3.5% 3.29%
3.18%

3.0%
2.7%
Unemployment rate

2.5%
2.4%
2.5% 2.33%

1.95% 1.91% 2%
2.0% 1.85% 1.79%
1.67% 1.7% 1.7%
1.58%
1.47%
1.4% 1.39%
1.5%
1.2%

1.0%

0.5%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

21 Description: The unemployment rate in Cuba decreased by 0.1 percentage points (-6.8 percent) in 2022 in comparison to the previous year. Nevertheless, the last two years recorded a significant higher unemployment rate than the preceding years. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; 2003 to 2022
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: Youth unemployment rate from 2003 to 2022
Youth unemployment rate in Cuba in 2022

9.5%

8.6%
8.5% 8.26%
7.78%

7.5%
Youth unemployment rate

6.8%

6.5% 6.2%
6.04%

5.5% 5.2%
5.06%
4.53% 4.54%
4.32% 4.19%
4.5% 4.09%
3.91%
3.5% 3.55% 3.65% 3.47%
3.36% 3.24%
3.5%

2.5%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

22 Description: The youth unemployment rate in Cuba decreased by 0.2 percentage points (-5.48 percent) since the previous year. This decrease was preceded by an increase in youth unemployment rate. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; 2003 to 2022; 15-24 years
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: Import of goods from 2011 to 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Import of goods to Cuba 2021

16
14.71
14.24
13.87
14
13.04

11.7 11.48
12
Imports in billion U.S. dollars

10.27 10.17 9.9

10
8.43
8 7.23

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021*

23 Description: The statistic shows the value of goods imported to Cuba from 2011 to 2021. In 2021, goods worth around 8.43 billion U.S. dollars were imported to Cuba. Read more
Note(s): Cuba
Source(s): WTO
 Cuba: Main import partners in 2019
Most important import partners of Cuba 2019

Share in total import

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

Spain 19%

China 15%

Italy 6%

Canada 5%

Russia 5%

United States 5%

Brazil 5%

24 Description: This statistic shows the most important import partners for Cuba in 2019. In 2019, the most important import partner for Cuba was Spain with a share of 19 percent in all imports. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; 2019
Source(s): CIA
 Cuba: Export of goods from 2012 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Export of goods from Cuba 2022

5.9
6
5.28
4.86
Exports in billion U.S. dollars

4
3.35

3
2.32 2.4 2.37
2.06 1.97
2 1.7 1.78

0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022*

25 Description: The statistic shows the value of goods exported from Cuba from 2012 to 2022. In 2022, goods with a value of around 1.78 billion U.S. dollars were exported from Cuba. Read more
Note(s): Cuba
Source(s): WTO
 Cuba: Main export partners in 2019
Most important export partner countries for Cuba in 2019

40% 38%

35%

30%
Share in total export

25%

20%

15%
11%
10%

5% 5%
5%

0%
China Spain Netherlands Germany

26 Description: This statistic shows the most important export partner countries for Cuba in 2019. In 2019, the most important export partner of Cuba was China, with a share of 38 percent in exports. Read more
Note(s): Cuba
Source(s): CIA
 Cuba: Trade balance of goods from 2011 to 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Trade balance of goods of Cuba 2021

-1

-2
Trade balance in billion U.S. dollars

-3

-4

-5

-6 -5.53

-7 -6.47

-8
-7.8 -7.95 -7.77 -7.84
-7.97
-8.18 -8.35
-9
-9.11
-10 -9.42
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021*

27 Description: The statistic shows Cuba's trade balance of goods from 2011 to 2021. Trade balance is the value of exported goods minus the value of imported goods. A positive trade balance signifies a trade surplus, while a negative value signifies a trade deficit. In
2021, Cuba's trade deficit amounted to around 6.47 billion U.S. dollars. Read more
Note(s): Cuba
Source(s): Statista; WTO
 Cuba: Ratio of military spending to gross domestic product (GDP) from
2009 to 2018
Ratio of military expenditure to gross domestic product (GDP) in Cuba 2018

4.5%

3.94%
4.0%
3.51% 3.54%
3.5% 3.38% 3.33%
Ratio of military spending to GDP

3.08% 3.08% 3.07%

3.0% 2.87% 2.88%

2.5%

2.0%

1.5%

1.0%

0.5%

0.0%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

28 Description: In 2018, the ratio of military expenditure to gross domestic product (GDP) in Cuba remained nearly unchanged at around 2.88 percent. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; 2009 to 2018
Source(s): World Bank
 Cuba: How satisfied are you with the economic system that exists today in
Cuba?
Satisfaction with the current economic system in Cuba 2015

90%

79%
80%

70%

60%
Share of respondents

50%

40%

30%

19%
20%

10%
2%
0%
Very/somewhat satisfied Not too/not at all satisfied Don't know / no answer

29 Description: This statistic shows the results of a 2015 survey among adult Cubans living in Cuba regarding their satisfaction with the current economic system in the country. 79 percent of respondents stated they are not too satisfied or not at all satisfied with the
economic system that exists in Cuba today. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; March 17-27, 2015; 1,200 respondents; Adult Cubans living in Cuba
Source(s): Bendixen & Amandi
CHAPTER 03

Politics
 Cuba: How satisfied are you with the political system that exists today in
Cuba?
Satisfaction with the current political system in Cuba 2015

60%
53%

50%

39%
40%
Share of respondents

30%

20%

10% 8%

0%
Very/somewhat satisfied Not too/not at all satisfied Don't know / no answer

31 Description: This statistic shows the results of a 2015 survey among adult Cubans living in Cuba regarding their satisfaction with the current political system in the country. 53 percent of respondents stated they are not too satisfied or not at all satisfied with the
political system that exists in Cuba today. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; March 17-27, 2015; 1,200 respondents; Adult Cubans living in Cuba
Source(s): Bendixen & Amandi
 Cuba: What is the main thing that the Cuban government could do to
improve your personal situation in the next five years?
Survey: actions by the Cuban government to improve inhabitants' situation 2015

60%
54%

50%
Share of respondents

40%

29%
30%

20%

10% 7% 7%
3%

0%
Improve economic Reform the current political Improve quality of life Other Don't know / no answer
opportunities system

32 Description: This statistic shows the results of a 2015 survey among adult Cubans living in Cuba regarding the main thing they would like their government to do that could improve their personal situation over the next five years. 29 percent of respondents stated that
reforming the current political system would improve their personal situation. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; March 17-27, 2015; 1,200 respondents; Adult Cubans living in Cuba
Source(s): Bendixen & Amandi
 Cuba: Do you have a positive or negative opinion of Fidel Castro?
Popularity of Fidel Castro in Cuba 2015

60%

50%
50%
44%

40%
Share of respondents

30%

20%

10%
6%

0%
Very/somewhat positive Very/somewhat negative Don't know / no answer

33 Description: This statistic shows the results of a 2015 survey among adult Cubans living in Cuba on their opinion of Fidel Castro, their former President. 50 percent of respondents stated they have a very or somewhat negative opinion of Fidel Castro. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; March 17-27, 2015; 1,200 respondents; Adult Cubans living in Cuba
Source(s): Bendixen & Amandi
 Cuba: Do you think that the normalization of the relationship between
Cuba and the United States is good for Cuba, or not?
Effect of improved relations between Cuba and the United States on Cuba 2015

120%

100% 97%

80%
Share of respondents

60%

40%

20%

1% 2%
0%
It is good for Cuba It is bad for Cuba Don't know / no answer

34 Description: This statistic shows the results of a 2015 survey among adult Cubans living in Cuba on whether they believe that a normalization of the relationship between Cuba and the United States was good for Cuba, bad for Cuba, or not important for the country.
97 percent of respondents stated they think this normalization of the relationship with the United States is good for Cuba. Read more
Note(s): Cuba; March 17-27, 2015; 1,200 respondents; Adult Cubans living in Cuba
Source(s): Bendixen & Amandi
 Sources

Bendixen & Amandi

CIA
ILO
Statista
United Nations
World Bank
WTO

35