THE HOPED COORDINATION /0711614882 N.

E SERIES

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

PRESIDENT’S OFFICE
REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

N.E ADVANCED SECONDARY SCHOOLS JOINT SERIES

BIOLOGY 2
SERIES 2
Time :3 Hours 18th Friday AUGUST 2023

Instructions

1. This paper consists of six (6) questions

2. Answer only five (5) questions
3. Each question carries twenty (20) marks
4. Except for diagrams that must be drawn in pencil, all writings should be in blue or black ink
5. Cellular phones and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in examination room
6. Write your names on every page of your answer sheet

PARTICIPANT SCHOOLS
Tabora boys ss,Nawenge ss, Ifakara girls ss, Malambo ss, Kimamba ss , Bugando ss Kashishi ss, Chief Dodo ss,
Samunge ss, Kijota Hull ss, Minziro ss, Dr. Olsen ss, Tarime Boys ss, Golden Ridge ss, Lugufu girls ss, Tabora Girls, St.
Maurus Chemchemi ss, Bogwe Boys, Tongani ss, Meatu ss, Lupiro ss, , St. Home ss, , Mwandiga ss,jenista
Mhagama ss, Ocean ss, Dakama ss, Nyehunge ss, Moshi ss, Tura ss, Lugeye ss, Mwenge ss, Nanungu ss, Kwiro ss,
Sadani ss, Ibwaga ss, Tongani ss, Nganza girls ss, Kwemaramba ss, Loreto girls ss, Ilongero ss, Temeke ss, Kanyigo
ss, Nakaguru ss, Makongoro ss, Ngudu ss, Bulunde ss, Kibaigwa girls ss, Bugando ss, Tunduru ss, Nyampulukano
ss, Rungwe boys ss, Kongwa ss, Runzewe ss, Magus s,Celina Kombani ss, Bwiru boys ss.

THIS PAPER CONSISTS OF 3 PRINTED PAGES

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1. (a). (i) In three points briefly explain how bryophytes as early plants have managed to
overcome various challenges in the terrestrial habitat ( 3 marks)
(ii) Liverwots and Mosses have sometimes been described as amphibians of plant
world.Briefly explain why this should be ( 3 marks)
(iii) In what main aspects are mosses, liverworts and ferns poorly adapted to life on
the land? ( 2 marks)
(b). Jacob is a farmer at Muheza Tanga planted potatoes in his farm.After few weeks he
noted that some potato leaves have changed from normal colour to blight.You as a
Biologist explain this condition to farmer basing on the following
i. Name the infection attacked the leaf ( 1 mark)
ii. Name the organism that causes the infection and classify it to phylum level
( 3 marks)
iii. Explain four adaptations of organism to its mode of life ( 4 marks)
iv. You as a biologist, how you would advice Mr Jacob the methods of
controlling the condition that attacked his potatoes using three points ?
( 4 marks)

2. (a). Explain briefly why the body temperature of Man standing beside the rock on a hot
day remains relatively constant While that of the rock rises to about 500C ( 6 marks)
(b). (i) The kidney is a major excretory and osmoregulatory organ in mammals.Justify
this statement in four points ( 6 marks)
(ii) Without using diagram describe the Ornithine cycle ( 8 marks)

3. (a). (i) Why is it not possible to use homozygous dominant organism ( such as TT) in a
test cross experiment to determine the genotype of organism showing the dominant
phenotype ? ( 4 marks)
(ii) Briefly explain the evidence to support the idea that hereditary materials being
located in nucleus.Use 3 points ( 6 marks)
(b) A homozygous purple-flowered short –stemmed plant was crossed with a
homozygous red-flowered long-stemmed plant and the F1 phenotype had purple
flowers and short stems.When the F1 generation was test crossed with a double
homozygous recessive plant, the following progeny were produced
52 purple flowers, short stem
47 purple flowers , long stem
49 red flowers, short stem
45 red flowers, long stem
Explain these results fully ( 10 marks)

4. (a). (i) A viable seed was kept under optimum conditions of germination.However it did
not germinate.Using two points on each Suggest the possible causes and ways to overcome
such problem ( 6 marks)
(ii) Annual plants such as bean and maize exhibit a sigmoid growth pattern.Explain
why their growth curve is S-shaped ( 4 marks)

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(b). (i) By using the relevant curve, describe the growth pattern in arthropods( 6 marks)
(ii) Briefly explain how you would identify a cell undergoing Metaphase during
mitosis based on appearance of its nucleus ( 4 marks)
5. (a). Describe the mechanism of evolution of webbed toes in ducks by
(i) Lamarckism ( 4 marks)
(ii) Darwinism ( 4 marks)
(b). The two types of artificial selection are inbreeding and outbreeding.State the aim of
each of the two types of artificial selection.1 point each ( 4 marks)
(c). Fossil and fossil records have been facing challenges as the evidence of organic
evolution.Explain using four points ( 8 marks)

6. (a). In ecological survey, one community was found to be empty with no vegetation
cover.As the time goes, some vegetation were found to emerge from that community
(i) Give the process that occurred in 6(a) above ( 1 mark)
(ii) Briefly explain what happened to the community in 6(a) above ( 5 marks)
(b). (i) In three points explain why when the energy flows from one trophic level to the
another there is decrease in its amount of energy ( 3 marks)
(ii) what are two types of ecological niche? How they differ? Use two differences
( 5 marks)
(iii) State competitive exclusion principle.Use paramecia species named Paramecia
Aurelia and Paramecia Cauditum explain competitive exclusion principle ( 6 marks )

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