-2‫א‬‫ א‬-‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬‫א‬
  

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 2019

3
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 2‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ––‫א‬ –‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ –
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 E2‫א‬‫א‬F -E2‫א‬‫א‬F -
 E2‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ -E2‫א‬‫א‬F -
 E2‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬- E2‫א‬‫א‬F -
 E2‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ -E2‫א‬‫א‬F -
 E2‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ -E2‫א‬‫א‬F -
 E2‫א‬‫א‬F -EF -

4
  E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ -
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ -
 E‫א‬‫א‬F -
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F -
 W‫א‬
  - -
  - -
 ‫א‬ -‫א‬ -
  -‫א‬ -
  
 

ISSN : 2588-1566

5
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ -
،‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬
(25)‫א‬ -
 K(15)
‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
15 AL-Mohaned Bold‫א‬ -
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬12 ،‫א‬
K18AL-Mateen
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  -
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 W‫א‬
linguistiqueappliquee.revue@yahoo.com

 
 

6
  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 11................................................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬- ‫א‬/ ‫א‬‫א‬ K
  33 .......... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬- ‫א‬/ ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 53 ................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫ א‬- ‫א‬L(BI Ruidan)‫א‬
 -‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 69.......................................................................... J‫א‬
 2‫א‬‫א‬L
 ‫א‬ -‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 87 ................. -‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 2 ‫א‬‫א‬/
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-‫א‬‫א‬ -
 Data chow ‫א‬ -‫א‬‫א‬
 115.......................................................................................... 
 ‫א‬‫ א‬-/‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
 135 ..........................................-‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬-‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬LK

7
  157 ..................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K. ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬-/‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
177 .................?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬- ./‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 203 ............................................................................... 
 ‫א‬‫ א‬-‫א‬/‫א‬‫א‬K

 
 

 
 

8
  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E7F‫א‬،‫א‬
،?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?W‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
  ، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?‫א‬- ‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  -
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬-‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Data chow ‫א‬ - ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ -‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،?-‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 -،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،?‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

  

10
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬-‫א‬/‫א‬‫א‬K
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬W،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

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 Abstract

The khalilaine theory is a new attempt to read the Arab heritage and look
at what was written by elkhalile ben Ahmed, and its owner is : Abd al-Rahman
al-hadj Saleh, who combined in his understanding between what the ancient
linguists wrote and what was new in the field of modern linguistics, in order to
establish it, realizing its importance in developing thought Al-Lassani, and this
may come to him after years of research, exploration, study, and logical analysis
that printed his work and study in this regard. In this study, we will try to explain
its concept and origins as indicated by hadj Saleh, and the mechanism through
which this theory will serve linguistic research.

Key words : theory, linguistics, study, concept.

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 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K1?‫א‬
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?W‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
2K?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،1927‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬    
‫؛‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

205
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KEBordeauxF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K31979Sorbonne‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K،،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2010
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K4‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K20175K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-2
، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
–‫א‬–‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،5?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،?،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،،
‫א‬‫א‬K6?‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬?W‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 7?KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬W‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K8‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬10?1979
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K11?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
_‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬_
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKK
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K?12‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،?
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
208
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K13?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K?14‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K?15‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K?16‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KKK‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K17? ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 "‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬   ،‫א‬      

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    ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬،   ،‫א‬
    ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬،    ‫א‬
 .18"‫ א‬‫ א‬       ‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬1
‫א‬?‫א‬
?W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K?19‫א‬‫א‬
،،،،
،‫א‬، W‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K،‫א‬W،‫؛‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬W‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬W،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
W‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K20?‫א‬
K 
K،،W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E180F‫א‬
E711F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬?W‫א‬
،   ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K21?‫א‬،‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،WW‫א‬‫א‬?W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ،
،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬
W،‫א‬KKK
،،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬
‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،   ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬W،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ،
EFKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KKKE‫א‬FEF
‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬،EF
،،‫א‬W،‫א‬
،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K?22‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KSemantiquo
Semiologico ‫א‬‫א‬
 K23?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kgrammatical
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬W‫ א‬‫ א‬-

.‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬W‫ א‬‫א‬-

 K‫ א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫ א‬  W‫ א‬‫א‬-

 W‫א‬‫א‬2
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K24?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬  
‫ א‬ ‫ א‬"،‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬    ‫ א‬،‫א‬
‫ א‬،‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ ،‫ א‬ ‫א‬
 .25"‫ א‬‫א‬  ‫א א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬

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K26?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
‫ א‬ E‫א‬F‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫ א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫ א‬  ،KKKLLL‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫ א‬   ‫א‬ "LL‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬
        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 27   ‫ א‬‫א‬   
 W‫א‬3
E816F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫?א‬W
    ‫א‬ ‫?א‬WE1206F‫א‬?28‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K?29     ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬-‫א‬-‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?W
‫א‬،،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K30?KKK‫א‬‫א‬
KKKW‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫ א‬ " W ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ E F   ‫ א‬
  ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  
‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬

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‫ א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬،
  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬
Syntax ‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K?31‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K?32 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K?33‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، -
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  ±[2 ±(1  )]
W1،W،‫א‬‫א‬W(Ø)
‫א‬W-+، W2،‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬KE‫א‬FW،‫א‬‫א‬
 WK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬LL‫א‬L(Ø)
 K‫ א‬‫ א‬  ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬
  W‫א‬4
،‫ א‬‫ א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬34‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Jean Galpin‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EFEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K35E‫א‬F
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬K?36
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬  ‫ א‬
(‫ א‬)‫ א‬  ‫ א‬،   
‫א‬ ‫ א‬EFEF()E) 
  ،()  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
   ‫ א‬‫א‬   ‫ א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬‫ א‬ 
‫ א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬ ،   ، 
 W‫ א‬‫ א‬   ،37EF
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          ‫א‬
LL LL LL LL ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬
                 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
L    L  
  L    W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKK 
  L 
 
‫א‬E   F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬5
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،?‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬K38?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K?39‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫ א‬  K?40‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫ א‬‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬  EF‫ א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬
 K   ‫ א‬‫ א‬
.
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   
 -

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 .
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ 
  -
.
 ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬   
  -
EKKK    F    ‫א‬   
 -
 KKKE   F    ‫א‬   
 
EF
 KKK‫א‬L‫א‬LL‫א‬W‫א‬
LW‫א‬‫א‬
 KKK‫א‬‫א‬LL
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫?א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬ ?W
41

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K?42‫א‬
 KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫؛‬
--‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫؛‬‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬?W
،       ،
... ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬
K?43  ،‫ א‬ ‫א‬

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  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E175F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

218
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،?‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 1
 .11WE2007F4‫א‬،‫א‬
،W‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 2
 .208،1،E2012
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬W 3
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K44،2009،E7F‫א‬،،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬W 4
 K205،،1،2007،1،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 5
K01،1984،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 6
K85،1996،10‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K210،1،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 7
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WW 8
 K2،2010،8‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬
،2،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W 9
 K135،2006
‫א‬‫ א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬10
 K10،2007،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 11
 .45،2،2012
 K10 ،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 12
،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 13
 K5،،،1986،2،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K208،1،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 14
 K169،1،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 15
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 16
 K3،2007،7‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
 K81،2،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 17
  58، 2004،‫א‬‫ א‬،‫ی‬‫א‬   ‫א‬،  W  18
،‫א‬W،E180F 19
 K25،1،1977،2،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K26–25،1،‫א‬W 20

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 ،،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 21
 EF،1956
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W ،W‫א‬‫ א‬22
 KEF94_89،2،1990،
 K218،1،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 23
 K90،2،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 24
،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬W  25
  85 ، 25  ، 2010  ،‫א‬‫ א‬، ،  
 K107،2003،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 26
 KEFK62،‫ی‬  W  27
،‫א‬‫א‬W،‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬28
 K122،،1،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W،‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬29
 K97،1،،،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
  K13،1،‫א‬W 30
 K171 J170،1،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 31
 K90،2،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 32
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 33
 K81،2006،1،،‫א‬
 K321،1،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W 34
K251،1،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W 35
 K48،2
 K252،1،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 36
 KEF90،1،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 37
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 38
 K11،2005،7‫א‬،،
 K11،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 39
 K83،2،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 40
  K22،1،‫א‬W 41
 K22،1،‫א‬W 42
 K76،2،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 43
 

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