ASSIGNMENT

PHARMACOLOGY

NAME: FATMATA KANU

ID: 6263

(Q1) What is asthma?

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects the airways in the lungs. It causes inflammation
and narrowing of the air passages, leading to difficulty in breathing, wheezing, coughing, and tightness in
the chest. Asthma symptoms can vary in severity from person to person and can be triggered by various
factors such as allergies, respiratory infections, exercise, and environmental pollutants.

(Q2) Drugs we use for the treatment of asthma

Indication,
Side effects,
The mechanize of action,
Contra indication,
Nursing implication,
Here's a summary of information about drugs commonly used for asthma treatment:

1. Indication: Asthma medications are used to manage and control asthma symptoms such as wheezing,
shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.

2. Types of Drugs:

- Bronchodilators: Relax the muscles around the airways, making breathing easier.

- Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) like albuterol are used for quick relief during asthma attacks.

- Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) like salmeterol are used for long-term control.

- Anti-inflammatory drugs: Reduce inflammation in the airways.

- Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) like fluticasone are commonly used for long-term control.

- Oral corticosteroids may be prescribed for severe asthma attacks or when other treatments are not
effective.

- Leukotriene modifiers: Block the action of certain chemicals that cause asthma symptoms.

- Montelukast is an example of a leukotriene receptor antagonist.

- Immunomodulatory: These medications target specific immune cells involved in asthma inflammation.
- Omalizumab is an example of an anti-IgE antibody used in severe allergic asthma.

3. Side Effects: Side effects can vary depending on the medication. Common side effects include:-
Bronchodilators: Increased heart rate, tremors, and nervousness.

- Corticosteroids: Oral thrush, hoarseness, increased risk of infections, and in long-term use, possible
systemic side effects like osteoporosis or adrenal suppression.

- Leukotriene modifiers: Headache, gastrointestinal upset.

- Immunomodulatory: Injection site reactions, rare risk of severe allergic reactions.

4. Mechanism of Action:

- Bronchodilators work by relaxing the smooth muscles around the airways, leading to dilation and
easier airflow.

- Anti-inflammatory drugs like corticosteroids reduce inflammation and mucus production in the
airways, helping to prevent asthma symptoms.

- Leukotriene modifiers block the action of leukotrienes, which are substances in the body that
contribute to inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production.

- Immunomodulatory like omalizumab target specific immune cells involved in the allergic response in
asthma.

5. Contraindications: Contraindications can vary depending on the medication but may include:

- Allergy to the medication or its components.

- Certain medical conditions such as uncontrolled high blood pressure for some bronchodilators.

- Pregnancy (some medications may require careful consideration and monitoring).

6. Nursing Implications: Nurses play a crucial role in asthma management by:

- Educating patients about their medications, including proper inhaler technique and adherence to
prescribed regimens.

- Monitoring for potential side effects and complications.

- Collaborating with healthcare providers to adjust treatment plans as needed based on the patient's
response and condition.

- Providing support and education to help patients manage triggers and improve overall asthma control.

These points provide a broad overview, and specific details may vary based on the patient's individual
health status, medication regimen, and healthcare provider's recommendations.