LIPIDS

PCOG MIDTERM LAB

 Types of Lipids
• FIXED OILS
 Long chain FA + glycerol
 Liquid at room temp
• FATS
 Long chain FA + glycerol
 Solid at room temp.
• WAXES
 Long chain FA + HMW OH
 Semi-solid at room temp.
 Uses of Lipids

1) Emollients
2) Vehicles for IM injection
3) Cathartic
4) Soap production
5) Increase caloric value for TPN
 USP Tests

1) Acid value/number
2) Saponification value/Kottsdorfer/Köettsdorfer
3) Iodine value
4) Ester value
 Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acid
• Saturated Fatty Acid
1) Caprylic acid
2) Lauric acid
3) Myristic acid
4) Palmitic acid
5) Stearic acid
6) Arachidic acid
 Extraction

• Expression
• Rendering
• Solvent Extraction
 Types of Oils

• Non-drying
• Semi-drying
• Drying
Fixed Oils
 Seed Oils

1. Cottonseed oil (Gossypium hirsutum)

• Gossypol (0.6%)
• Male sterility
• Halphen-Bevan Test
2. Sesame seed oil (Sesamum indicum)
• Sesamol
• Baudouin Test
3. Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera)
• Lauric acid and Myristic acid
• Serger’s Test
4. Castor oil (Ricinus communis)
• Ricin and Ricinoleic acid
• Crab’s eye/Rosary beads
5. Peanut oil (Arachis hypogaea)
• Aflatoxin: fungi growth due to improper drying
6. Soybean oil (Glycine soja)
• Lecithin
7. Corn oil (Zea mays) Used for cytitis
8. Safflower oil (Catharmus tinctoria)
• Increase HDL High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
is known as the "good" cholesterol

9. Sunflower oil (Helianthus anuus)

• Increase HDL
10. Persic Oil (Prunus armeniaca / P. persica)
11. Ethiodized injection oil
• Iodine addition product of ethyl ester of FA of poppy seed
 Pericarp Oil
1. Olive oil (Olea europea)
• Millon’s Test
• Grades:
 First grade virgin olive oil
 Second grade virgin Olive oil
 Technical oil
 Sulfur grade
 Tournant oil
Fats & Related Compounds
1. Theobroma Oil (Theobroma cacao)
• Cocoa syrup and Cocoa butter
• Food for the Gods
• Nibs
2. Lanolin
• Purified fat-like substance from the wool of sheep, Ovis aries
• Water absorbable ointment base
3. Cod liver oil (Gadus morrhua)
• Sclerosing agent to obliterate varicose veins
4. Undecylenic acid
• Pyrolysis of ricinoleic acid from castor oil
• Has antifungal property

5. Azelaic acid
• Ozonolysis of Castor oil
Waxes
1. Spermaceti
• Head of spermwhale, Physeter macrocephalus
• Cetyl ester wax: synthetic spermaceti
2. Jojoba oil
• Seeds of Simmondsia chinensis (Buxaceae)
• Eicosanoic acids:
1) Eicosanol
2) Docosenol
3. Beeswax
• Honeycomb of bees, Apis mellifera
• Myricyl palmitate Bleached
Unbleached
• Type: Yellow wax and White wax
4. Carnauba wax
• Leaves of Copernicia punifera
• Myricyl cerotate
End.