6RGLXP /( &RDJXODQW /( /( $FLG 3RO\PHU

+\SRFKORULWH 7DQN 7DQN )HHG 'LOXWLRQ

7DQN
:DWHU
6HUYLFH:DWHU )LUVW3DVV52
6WRUDJH7DQN &RQFHQWUDWH
/(
7RWH /( 'HPLQHUDOL]HG:DWHU
)HHG )HHG )LUVW3DVV
3XPSV
7DQN 6HFRQG3DVV 7R%RLOHU)HHG
3XPSV 526NLG
52)HHG 526NLG
0XOWL0HGLD
3XPSV
3RO\PHU )LOWHUV %DFNZDVK (',
'LOXWLRQ
:DWHU )HHG 6ROLGV 2XWOHW 'HPLQHUDOL]HG
'HPLQHUDOL]HG :DWHU3XPSV
&217$&7&/$5,),(5Π:DWHU6WRUDJH
/LPH )LOWHU)HHG

(',5HMHFW
7RWH
7DQN $GGLWLRQ /( 3XPSV 6HFRQG3DVV52&RQFHQWUDWH 7DQN

%DFNZDVK
3XPSV
$LU6FRXU 523HUPHDWH
&OHDUZHOO %ORZHU6NLG
6RGD &RROLQJ /(
$VK 7DQN
7RZHU
$GGLWLRQ %DFNZDVK6XSSO\ %DFNZDVK6XSSO\
0DNHXS
7R$OO52¶V
3XPSV
)RU)OXVK
6OXGJH )LOWHUHG:DWHU5HWXUQ
5DZ 5DZ:DWHU 3XPSV
:DWHU 3XPSV %DFNZDVK2XWOHW 52)OXVK 52)OXVK
3RO\PHU 7DQN 3XPSV
6OLSVWUHDP&ODULILHU /( 3RO\PHU
0XOWL0HGLD
:DWHU5HFRYHU\528QLWV
/( )LOWHUV

&OHDUZHOO
5HFODLP 5HFODLP 7DQN )LOWHU)HHG
:DWHU :DWHU 3XPSV
3XPSV 7DQN 6OXGJH $LU6FRXU
&RROLQJ7RZHU 5HFLUFXODWLRQ 3XPSV %ORZHU6NLG
3XPSV &RROLQJ7RZHU%ORZGRZQ%\3DVV
7R6ROLGV&217$&7 /( :DWHU5HFRYHU\
&/$5,),(56Π52&RQFHQWUDWH
+L)ORŒ7KLFNHQHU %HOW3UHVV
JDO
3RO\PHU
/( 0L[LQJ
7KLFNHQHU2YHUIORZ $JLQJ7DQN %ORZGRZQ
7R6SUD\'U\HU
6XUJH 6XUJH7DQN
'LOXWLRQ
:DWHU
7DQN 3XPSV
6OXGJH
6ROLGVWR
6XPS 3XPSV
'LVSRVDO
3XPSV 3RO\PHU
7RWH
7DQN
/(
3UHVVDWH
5HFODLP
/LPH 6RGD$VK :DWHU
6ODNHU6\VWHP )HHG6\VWHP 6XPS

7KLVGUDZLQJLVSURSHUW\RI:(67(&+(1*,1((5,1*,1&
DQGLVWUDQVPLWWHGLQFRQILGHQFH1HLWKHUUHFHLSWQRU
SRVVHVVLRQFRQIHUVRUWUDQVIHUVDQ\ULJKWVWRUHSURGXFHXVH
RUGLVFORVHLQZKROHRULQSDUWGDWDFRQWDLQHGKHUHLQIRUDQ\
SXUSRVHZLWKRXWWKHZULWWHQSHUPLVVLRQRI:(67(&+
(1*,1((5,1*,1&6DOW/DNH&LW\8WDK
3RZHU*HQHUDWLQJ6WDWLRQ± =/'ZLWK6LGHVWUHDP6RIWHQLQJ ':15&6 '$7(

Power Station
Power-generating stations, like other industrial
wastewater producers, are facing stricter discharge
requirements. This flow sheet combines many of the
water treatment steps that might be encountered
in converting a power station into a zero liquid
discharge (ZLD) system. In this system, the final
waste stream is sent to a spray dryer.
This flow sheet is a combination of several other
flow sheets. The first section where the raw water
enters is the service water pretreatment. The service
water can be used for general water needs in the
plant. The next section is demineralization for
boiler feed water. The final section is the zero liquid
discharge system that treats a slip stream from the
cooling tower.
Not shown is water treatment necessary for drinking
(potable) water and sewage (see man camps).
Service Water Pretreatment - Cold Lime
Softening and Clarification
In the first stage of treatment the raw water is
softened to reduce the calcium and magnesium
hardness (for more information on softening see
the Cold Lime Softening flow sheet). Some of the
softened water is diverted to the cooling tower.
After recarbonation, the treated water is collected in
the service water storage tank. Some of the service
water is sent to the demineralizer system. The rest
of the water is used for backwashing filters.
The softening system includes a sludge dewatering
step that is common to the entire plant. The thickener
overflow is sent to the clarifier. The belt press pressate
and wash water are returned to the thickener.
WesTech’s advanced line of equipment for industrial
sedimentation applications includes a wide range
of Clarifiers and Thickeners expressly designed
for current and future process requirements.
The equipment is precision engineered and
manufactured to rigid standards providing high
torque capacities, long life and reliability. WesTech
manufactures our own thickener and clarifier Drive
Units ensuring long drive life and the best fit for your
process equipment.
Boiler Feed Water - Demineralization
The softened water passes through two stages of
reverse osmosis (RO) to remove the bulk of the
minerals. The RO reject is sent to the ZLD system. The
electrodeionization (EDI) system makes high purity
water by polishing the trace contaminants left after
reverse osmosis using electricity instead of chemicals.
Zero Liquid Discharge – Cooling Tower
Slip Stream
The cooling tower slip stream treatment system is
nearly identical to the ZLD flow sheet (a more detailed
description of the process can be found on the Cold
Lime Softening flow sheet). In this case, the clarifier is
not used for cold lime softening, but it could be. The
ZLD system shares the sludge dewatering facilities
with the service water pretreatment system.
The water is clarified, filtered, and treated with
reverse osmosis. The reject from the boiler feed
water system may be added to the clarifier or sent
to the drying system depending on the chemistry of
the water. The reverse osmosis concentrate is treated
with a spray dryer and the dry solids are sent to
a landfill. If the concentrate stream is too large
for a spray dryer, the wastewater may be sent to
drying beds in areas where the evaporation rate is
greater than nominal rainfall, or to an evaporator/
crystallizer system.