PRESENTED BY :

FARHAN AFZAL
3RD YEAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BUDGE BUDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(BBIT)
 Steering is the term applied to the collection of
components, linkages, etc. Which will allow a vehicle
to follow the desired course.

 An automobile is steered with the help of steering

gears and linkages which transfer the motion of the
hand operated steering wheel to the pivoted front
wheel hubs via steering column. The other parts that
are used for steering a vehicle are steering wheel
pads, steering shaft, steering box, steering arm and
steering stabilizers. These parts are made of durable
materials like stainless steel, iron, aluminium,
copper, magnesium, etc.
 The first steering system was developed
centuries ago.
 The concept of steering system first comes
from horse driven buggies.
 At that time the buggy was steered by pulling
the reins of the horse, causing the horse to
pull the buggy into turn.
 The front axle pivoted on a pin that allowed
the front wheel to turn in the desired
direction.
 A rod and lever were
attached to the middle of
the axle to assist the driver
in turning and holding the
front wheel straight.
 But this type of steering
system was not very
successful because it is
straight to the wheels
 In early 1800’s Rudolf
Ackerman designed a
steering system that
incorporated angled steering
arm and knuckles. This
allows both front wheels to
turn their own path
 STEERING

MANUAL POWER

WORM & HYDRAULIC ELECTRICAL

RACK & PINON
ROLLER
STEERING WHEEL :- A wheel turned by the driver of
a motor vehicle, ship, etc, when he or she wants to change
the direction of the vehicle or ship.

STEERING COLUMN :- A shaft connecting the

steering wheel to the steering gear assembly. It is also
called steering shaft
STEERING GRAR :- The gear mounted on the lower
end of the steering column, that are used to multiply the
driver turning force. It converts the rotary motion of the
steering wheel into the straight line motion.

STEERING LINKAGE :- The system that connects the

steering wheel to the front wheel and allows the wheel to
change direction in response to command from driver.
PINION GEAR :- Rotated by the steering wheel
and steering shaft, it’s teeth mesh with the teeth on
the rack.
RACK :- Long steel bar with the teeth along one
section, slides sideways as the pinion gear turns.
GEAR HOUSING :-It Holds the pinion gear and rack.

TIE RODS :- Connects the rack with the steering

Knuckle.
PITMAN ARM :- Transfers gearbox motion to the
steering linkage.
Pitman arm is splinted to the gearbox
CENTER LINK ROD(RELAY ROD) :-Steel bar connects
right and left side of steering linkage.
Connects to pitman arm, tie rod and idler arm.

IDLER ARM :- Supports the end of the Centre link on the

passenger side of the Vehicle.
Bolts to the vehicle frame.

TIE ROD ASSEMBLIES :- Two tie rods assemblies are used

to fasten the centre link to steering knuckles.
Assembly is consist of inner tie-rod end,
Outer tie-rod end, and a toe adjustment
Sleeve.
 An automobile steering system in which the
engine’s power is used to supplement the driver’s
effort in turning the steering wheel.

 The first power steering system on an automobile

was apparently installed in 1876 by a man with the
surname of FITTS. Next power steering system was
put on a Columbia 5-ton truck in 1903

 There are two types of power steering

1 Electric power steering

2 Hydraulic power steering
 Power steering greatly reduces the effort
needed to turn the wheels of a car especially
with front drive cars, the extra weight and
effort can be too much for many drivers.
Although not a major concern at highways
speeds, low speed turning and manoeuvring
are much easier to do. Most power steering
systems provide less and less boost the faster
you go.
 Electricpower steering uses the electric
motor to assist the driver of a vehicle. Sensors
detect the position
and torque of the
steering column and
computer module
applies assistive
torque via the motor,
which connects to either
the steering gear or steering column.
 Most power steering systems work by using a
hydraulic system to steer the vehicle’s wheels.
The hydraulic pressure
typically comes from a
rotary vane pump driven
by the vehicle’s engine.
A double acting
hydraulic cylinder
applies a force to steering
gear which in turn
steer the road wheel. The steering wheel
operates valve to control flow to the cylinder.