Regulalia teyels- Ccnlact

D1onolu has d
Promo laKs
>promolisa AL Tdalelshat
daquundt OA ToLmaoy Hob
uually localrd. umlran e am pl
> This rgulaloy eqiom uudes
whaceramiplán s Cnt licud and te
Tqin apreni mady 3bus upuhean
dauno eam Yon a Cnii AG
prOmolus wual have ko loou
 Cnponen
ThBn
an ni lali
TFB retomil
Telon
pomola, elemant
t
hanun Haund ha G
ing gens Can
(olaui
mall piomoluc A
oudar fo nilali
lamriplin
dounshoin gea, hor oPna-bndug of
a
Pioourd Lallud hamnfolim
bund alg mut
AcquenhaUy to h rain
Tón
nly ona Kü O

has kean beund

a ropiali
t proer
&k e TA, and
nd
OTds, Can knA
pet bud
pet bund
hginray bng qee
peoopromplura
Consilaluvi promo dru enproi-
visluau all lmus and o
hoandan o nwiromuld b lomgdy
davclapunl

Pronelca
Thee daut ft enpromim gnen
t i c bnas 8 at erlan Aleseng
doelop mnt
nduib ponolas Thu
s no onde haud td
p:a^oUrenu
endogen aua falrs but
td enwitnhenfal condk ion and
ealemal
Alomal Ikn be
lan ai (ftally (onlsou
Dnlkli pravolas promolics mad: hj
bcnag lll pfimau elunani
pomol on diveue augus
nhans
AnEnhaner a shouk s0-1Scobp
32016n DNA thak (Gn he oound wk
po allud T to almati
eagee o genso
amni
nhanaAD
auuma
locald uto Hbp aoo m
locald Genarallp
Tha a
fk t huhah 1oDe enhences
gen Om
inner ocalin
m CmhanaR mnay he ocalu upslran
lam hadm Gnerouloli
n Cnhan dounet nd to locadlka na

lra nplion
yonapli
A Aomu have een Hound lecakadn
Sovna i00, lOoe bn
dpskean odoun
tnhanas donor_aul n u_prom ol
Tqiony ut au baund ky aloval
P olet
Te aliwala rotara nlurat Ojt, to
mdiala COnplen, whih reonils
pel ahd
9enana a TEs tth h n samun-
buna t emeo
enhantu Can also he ound wjlku
nhms
An nhanu iinldim may even e
revod wihou aaling d undo
Addelimall an Cnhanua may he
en. ud and wnlid elsuutee un e
chomoooma, and Ail geae afe gema
nrenian ans li
i hat nhons polynbrphiom.
ne taom
y u not
htu h a alka alkogh
at HA g
HACNL Hun auleal+ gema adoo
ngum a CENTG2 a
qen enhan
hat ma havt. lmkibuld to t
vohulion o unigueuy oyptabe
humen Ihuunb Cnle,
fsetdr
HACS hao urdugenu
mos changc
duung t woluln o human
n
sp wik aneslera kimpong
aADDy SG
n enhances noou the geu GADoush
kesn decribed hat
may TeGulat ha
groot h dtm and ofkue Maml;
pau
butmot n humand
T nA0S6. gulal n miut
chups kai
Wha allo
hct Jtin aln, akal
yaan &nd thalamuu a locald Jou
t
Mpmer I
uti nuuro gents.
K e GDoy4 enhanur Cn huumand
may Cnhbai to en horea«
 LSa
nuusal
populal ia and to
enpaoian m numans paalan rtba
un
A Silunu s a
DA oQan C
bundun Iraoui Soaane capcd
Capcblu of
pli ulalin Callud
cad
>AAA (onlauna
gen and vovioleo
pvovicleo tT
Empalr to pToduce
me
hen a rpronn prolara bud
ho
Ailnes region DNA, PuA_pof oS
prOalirom budng to PTOmolic
t
oi te
lamiplkn
blocked, ta Iváno\adio oO»Ato NAO
at mRwta
Cmpooite
Thu, ilenas proval genes
enpd a pvolen
1ombeung
A ilanwr a a Apu Aaluna -
i eltrman hak Unduuo a-vtefa
on
amni plim o dh poulila
The Mosl Comman p0»ilmo nd
upoeam lazget genes uwtu &can
hdppron fl hananplion g
T Th dhane lan Va grally bju
apraimably do to doo bys upardn g
las ionu (an e ound damse.

promolr local+d uWihnahn on

m

ilan ceu have aloo hean Hound ol

CUTR
unaNan labzd YegfnmRh
y peD Qnd teehanim
danial ailenar elumeno
danial A\lentasEh gemu. A al
eprcnd h u n eunenl", m@lty
b Gnng wi gennal lransm plin
Qulo. CTE) aunmbl

JLES o-Ngalwe rgulehy elemank

NLES paniwly pre Kns
wxually Cphi bilu ofhes edananl het
el Cem
27

oromolii SDNPquinus Aid

m

enon
THID

nhanca
rhcna

nhaneu
TE
1-
bid iq psolun
DA
p1Omole

Sna
.
5cio areoien
enhanas
pTOmolr Aina
Cphan
LTIT Aluvaky

T e prmel
7/40y
V a l i

C ays Euun,
CLAYequlaloty lumanl CCRE
cis egelals elurnana aTe fko qions o
lya-
hon- Codung Dnh hith tgulali
C plicn naaxby nt
CeES at Jaund n Vidnil
n ss uyqulali.
CPES lapicallyrqulali guL Irammplion
undionng ao bundung jou
gangui pl oi algs
T mo well charaulingd e CeES
are enhanunA and pomoleu
Boh o ho q j n t eumen aA
Andual T oDAA
o
ansn plimal Ygulaos.
voluiana lels RES
CRES hane an mpouant walulionoA
Rel
peymuphims Cing wlh nn Codun

Souans hae a
poound ehuk on
phanolte ballinng gtns eapon
>tulal10ns a n g oilhu a cLE Can
Qenesalr enpresim Voviano changg
y TFS bad
ghler loor bhding Tlalou
prolburis iu uad h u a deun-rellid
anMorpl ih
h-yequla/nu damant u dound n
pana heleul o gA-
oin bida
ot ne d&mte yana
r l albu
elonan
uode Pepld
Snlima ibema en Ait hihmuilch e.
ans legwalBy eluman
Tans -P2qulaliu elomunla a gana
wshteh may mod et rqulal t
enprtmin'e ant qontu rom lith
MUNod.
Tane fequlalouy elumanla a MAqun
that entods aMunipl on aula.
rano equlaloy daumenls wnks
hmagh n
blo deykan
moluulis
Da lanuuibd and kana llrd TE prolzk
 dunind m hüm-qulaloy elanut
to
D n equlalbuy olenen t adinlenr
evequleld gene
an
aualay elunent unlonkantoua
ocqulalRy eluman that wu thraugh an
aholeulak raon lo d ponla
e e Aan moluue
Da na a n adpcon rgudaloy
elaman Jo that ge tn Aane DaA
mcuul
hana aulgg u l -
PCReslay

DSubarita o Rart pemrase

Bid to aA pol to 4labilhucnilhad
Conflun
3 8id to all onobsa at u
Pot
Soouan u ur no to lMA Pot
B n d to a pOm prOmolur. and oMe
reGuind o handniplkm nihalin hac
a peo1m reqdalot4 gne eaproniom
yana Yeulalny elenana tonhot
Con kot
ha
tgeneuoremím by w a l w
enprened a ata
FaulT mue
 auta may be Cnpfend tn
a Au
Ue
Falbu nayquuu modfalii.
taulou may he alvald by facnd
bRdan
auou may bu dcqueslud unilan
aTop Tali ennwronenl qnal allaws
t o Clbrat wfk. k nuluan DJA
c m
.naken SKuue
a l

and qene enpíeMBuOn)

changs
n comaln ARu
(an resul t
hon Allmulalom
As gunus
Qn bttmu m kana(mglonall) ouuv
maln Ahous tLuxd Aunsi lil to
Nasel' daasln alst, ^ug9Alu har t
nalunAkudusu m pen
Ths opn el rdannd m o chíomal
alless Th
alews QUm hranaOm plonal auLsu

as o l l as DNa . a

fhus lotal allolums in chomaln

audure aiiai tk ammbu TFA
and 1ku ENA pod hek ar promolas
etnme
Too msr mgsdant ways (a allerog
cmomnltn Akuunn lotally:
hislon madifcalion
.

Covalun
Nule8d mu zenodullnq.

Covalun hulne modi icalipns

Hsone aultalon. to f speifhio
addhn aukl qyeup
hs lorns
sdws
 to
Halent auglaon lads Kauwaluon
an&ipken
Aulglaluon brung up un londuned
Alali
Chriomalin l6o hugh
Au lalun happns locauu global,
eym myewed namely

PHalonw aulg ranalsases

>E amino akeups tu residuu Tw
N-lermuna Hialona t * y a autala
aoplasmm hislot aallla
b
) His lon deaulasus

Rumwe fh aulg ajep

may d a u k l curimen èNep"
b lmikng K amalunh a
4o olkia Qents
1
hak mus be Can nual by
s
chriomalun
6ur
Ailds
Arove (oper) crimnalia.
anmhy lala uleanu
Autlaled hib
Tens Sulhd

SiunrCdrud) h
Matkylal alesn
Dautg lala hislon
ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes
regulate gene expression by either moving,
ejecting or restructuring nucleosomes. These
protein complexes have a common ATPase
domain and energy from the hydrolysis of ATP
allows these remodeling complexes to reposition
nucleosomes (often referred to as 'nucleosome
sliding) along the DNA, eject or assemble
histones on/off of DNA or facilitate exchange of
histone variants, and thus creating nucleosome-
free regions of DNA for gene activation. Also,
several remodelers have DNA-translocation
activity to carry out specific remodeling tasks.14

All ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling

complexes possess a sub unit of ATPase that
belongs to the SNF2 Superfamily of proteins. In
association to the sub unit's identity, two main
groups have been classified for these proteins.
These are known as the SW12/SNF2 group and the
imitation sW (ISWI) group. The third class of ATP-
dependent complexes that has been recently
described contains a Snf2-like ATPase and also
demonstrates deacetylase activity.1s)
Dal

1 3 /
Conlo dgn ptsion poek
oanslalimal level
Regulalim ena lakung paa vn lin
eabotiom hiaugh RA LOndany Aruu,
o

Gronw aM odalid uk mlabotim

ave ranslalionalcgulalid n animals
m,am emenlio nulsien Trayuird r
dunlhs ohaum0qlobm ybchrome
sunlhuus
and Olu_proluna
I Cilays Ygn enis lon4 ,shals
be maslaud by Auilab Prolu evirone
hich olbnane uads to nihals a Yang
earadad Tcalin hat damag. proluui,

lpids ard nuwic ad

Ku oun nvewed tn Dron melabdim

Tan poy proluln Ihar Conlauns NOM

sesum
TranM JUIn elaplo o
A Membra@ne prolun hat buds 1sm
oadid andemtn
 n sloag prolun lnund (M lwe ouua
n prphaus un a Aphuxical masj i
shall
Shell ard endee
alanms C Fe alom apKnimalily 400 130
a.a
nprmm lewelo o e l ad hankat
Ycaploi enpttlin levh axe raulald N

seuprocally o Tdalion to changaJ n 3 0

Thus veculal ion haon a ranalaJhonal
lewda
lou 9nocae
T.TtLplou rolum and no demîlu
r enion
hghluveA ewoo Hou JeTedu
enprond and ou n o ana r
etaplou Molun enpreyed
RaqulaJin oFrali trmim
Fe
Fenaln m-RNA has a slim loop
slsdure md OA n r pome elamen
CIRE a 5- unlyana lalid scq
Aprolut tallud IRE bundung psolu
 buido to IRE ard block tniliada
CIR
sephanulalin

whun Im lwels mCseane , Fe bnds to Irp

bondinqS CIRE Rus buhdi si o
Fe nd LRP olap nd IRP ho
onger bnds to RNA
Nou, enraln m-RNA re
yanela ionFealen hus produlad
|egnlus

aTYanakYn Yetapn,
Tnu neumay whun Fe ws
oud
TYany mun Tedpla mENA has LRE ke
eq Ionsak 3ndkana lalid mglm
reqions

B P bds to R mRnA at low lovd

otn ak 3 s
CoCo IR elernunl u al 3Plt
doosno block anolaJn h ranleui
Cplou m-RNA amlalzd.
ehtah lovds oFe,T&P no longe
o
bds to IRE3o mRAJA ndiRgoes Ta
dsaradalim
 Thus an Unufease n Calulas, onlaelo
uads to dagradalion T.Cuplot me
Fomiln om mRNA
DFELavele -IRE

b e r d b t o p e

Blous Cn halon o rana lalm

No unl
prolun Agntsgee

ebinds
to IREARL

IRP Can no m bnd to IRE

LRP
5 3
Tsanal al in oCuuA
-
RAIln prolans 4htked i2ed
 TKansesin yeapla m-RAR

55

IL lte elamunla

louy lwels allulosFe

Burdunq canno blod Ianalalion

O

ol sokomgec
hah lawels of llulay, °
a e bids tb 2 l lomans

Canno bhd t mEnA

So, MeNA -rapidly dugrades

NO.
T. TCplov piolan Jyntkeniged