MUSCLE OF THE MOUTH

Drg Putu Ika A.,Sp.Ort

 Tujuan

Identify the four pairs of major muscles of

1 Mastication and describe the function of each of
these muscles.

Describe the location and list the functions of

2 the groups of muscles that contribute to facial
expression.

List other factors that contribute to the position of

3 teeth and movement of the mandible

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Origin: is the source, beginning or fixed
proximal end attachment of a muscle
as compared to its insertion, which is
a muscle’s more movable attachment
or distal end
Insertion: place of attachment of
muscles to the bone that moves,
such as muscle attachments on the
movable mandible
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A. MUSCLES INVOLVED
IN MASTICATION
(CHEWING)
1. The masseter muscle

is the most superficial, bulky, and

powerful of the muscles of mastication.
Origin: The masseter arises from the inferior and medial surfaces of
the zygomatic arch . From here, it extends inferiorly and
posteriorly toward its insertion.

Insertion: The masseter inserts on the inferior lateral surface of the

ramus and angle of the mandible

Action: It elevates the mandible (closes the mouth) and applies great
power in crushing food.

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A. MUSCLES INVOLVED
IN MASTICATION
(CHEWING)
2. The temporalis muscle

The temporalis muscle is a fan-shaped,

large but flat muscle with both vertical
anterior (and middle) fibers and more
horizontal posterior fibers.
Origin: The temporalis arises from the entire temporal fossa

Insertion: The temporalis inserts on the coronoid process of the

mandible, the medial surface of the anterior border of the ramus,
and the temporal crest of the mandible via one common tendon.

Action: The anterior (and middle) vertical fibers contract to act to

elevate the mandible (close the jaw) especially when great power
is not required, and the posterior horizontal fibers retrude or pull
the mandible posteriorly. This muscle can position the mandible
(slightly more anteriorly or more posteriorly) while also closing the
teeth together.

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A. MUSCLES INVOLVED
IN MASTICATION
(CHEWING)
3. The medial pterygoid muscle
Located on the medial surface of the ramus.
Along with the masseter located on the lateral
surface, these two muscles serve as a sling with the
medial pterygoid attached on the medial side and the
masseter attached on the lateral side of the angle of
the mandible. They have similar actions
Origin: The medial pterygoid muscle arises mainly from the medial
surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and the pterygoid fossa
between the medial and lateral pterygoid plates of the sphenoid
bone.

Insertion: on the medial surface of the mandible in a triangular region

at the angle and on the adjacent portions of the ramus just above the
angle

Action: It elevates the mandible (closes jaw) like the masseter and the
anterior (and middle) fibers of the temporalis muscles.

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A. MUSCLES INVOLVED
IN MASTICATION
(CHEWING)
4. The Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
its fibers aligned mostly horizontally. The lateral
pterygoid muscle is a short, thick, somewhat conical
muscle located deep in the infratemporal fossa
(inferior to the temporal bone and posterior to the
maxillae) and is the prime mover of the mandible
except for closing the jaw.
Origin: The lateral pterygoid muscle arises from two heads, both
located on the sphenoid bone. The smaller superior head is
attached to the infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the
sphenoid bone; the larger inferior head is attached to the adjacent
lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate on the sphenoid bone

Insertion: The lateral pterygoid muscle inserts on the depression on

the front of the neck of the condyloid process called the pterygoid
fovea and into the anterior margin of the articular disc.

Action: When both lateral pterygoids contract simultaneously, the

action is to protrude the mandible and to depress the mandible

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B. OTHER MUSCLES
AFFECTING MANDIBULAR
MOVEMENT
the suprahyoid and infrahyoid group of muscles.
The suprahyoid muscles include :

1. The stylohyoid muscles (which arise on the styloid process),

2. The digastric (the anterior belly of the digastric attaches in the

digastric fossa near the genial spines or tubercles), mylohyoid
(arising from the mylohyoid ridges on each half of the medial
surface of the mandible and found in the tissue that forms the
floor of the mouth), and geniohyoid (arising from the genial
tubercles).

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The infrahyoid muscles include : the omohyoid, sternohyoid,
sternothyroid, and thyrohyoid.

The sternocleidomastoid : attaches from the mastoid process of the

temporal bone to the sternum (breastbone) and clavicle
(collarbone).

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 C. OTHER FACTORS
AFFECTING TOOTH
POSITION OR MOVEMENT

include the ligaments, fascia, and, to a certain

extent, the muscles of facial expression.
Ligaments : including the capsular, temporomandibular,
stylomandibular, and sphenomandibular ligaments :
provide some limits to protrusive, lateral, and opening
movements of the mandible.

Fascia : is also thought to limit movement

of the mandible to some extent. Fascia is connective
tissue that forms sheets or bands between anatomic
structures. It attaches to bones and surrounds muscles,
glands, vessels, nerves, and fat.
The muscle of facial expression:

-Orbicularis oris
-Buccinator
-Upper oral group : the zygomaticus major and minor,
levator labii superioris, and levator anguli oris
-Lower oral group : the depressor labii inferior
and depressor anguli oris, the mentalis
-Nose muscle
-Ear muscle
-Eye muscle
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 SUMMARY

ELEVATION OF THE DEPRESSION OF THE

MANDIBLE MANDIBLE

The temporalis muscles the bilateral contraction of both lateral

(vertical fibers) bring the pterygoid muscles, assisted by
mandible upward into suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles,
position for crushing food. especially the anterior bellies of the
digastric muscles, and the
omohyoid (infrahyoid) muscles
The masseter muscles and the
medial pterygoid muscles act
together to apply the power for
forceful jaw closures, as in
crushing food

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 SUMMARY

RETRUSION PROTRUSION

bilateral contraction of the from the simultaneous contraction of both

posterior fibers of the lateral pterygoid muscles.
temporalis
muscles assisted by the
suprahyoids, especially
the digastric muscles
LATERAL EXCURSION

from the contraction of one lateral

pterygoid muscle.

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Thanks!

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