COURSE CODE: HM 203

COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

MODULE 1 THE CONCEPT OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

Learning Objectives:
1. Define Tourism and Hospitality
2. Define the Tourist and Types of Tourists
3. Explain the relationship of tourism and hospitality and their components
4. Enumerate and explain the characteristics of tourism and hospitality
5. Explain the importance of Tourism and Hospitality

Preliminary Activity:
What comes into your mind when you hear the word “TOURISM”? Explain your insight.
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Discussion:

Let’s first define what tourism is. Tourism is

a phenomenon unique to modern time
which is dependent on the people’s
increasing need for a change and relaxing,
the wish of recognizing the beauties of
nature and art and the belief that nature
gives happiness to human beings and which
helps nations and communities’
approaching to each other thanks to the
development in commerce and industry and
the communication and transportation
tools’ becoming excellent. It is the
temporary, short-term movement of people
to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at
each destination. It also includes “movement for all purposes”. When someone goes on vacation, this is
an example of tourism.
Tourism is the activities of people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for
leisure, business or other purposes for not more than one consecutive year. It is a dynamic and
competitive industry that requires the ability to adapt constantly to customers’ changing needs and

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COURSE CODE: HM 203
COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

desires, as the customer’s satisfaction, safety and enjoyment are particularly the focus of tourism
businesses. Tourism boosts the revenue of the economy, creates thousands of jobs, develops the
infrastructures of a country, and plants a sense of cultural exchange between foreigners and citizens.

According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization

(UNWTO), tourism entails the movement of people to countries or
places outside their usual environment for personal or
business/professional purposes. These people are called visitors.
Generally speaking, a visitor is classified as a (same-)day visitor if their
trip does not include an overnight stay and a tourist if it does include
an overnight stay. The purpose of their trip can be for business, leisure
or personal reasons, other than to be employed by a resident entity in
the country or place visited. If a trip’s main purpose is
business/professional, it is often subdivided into two further
categories - 'attending meetings, conferences or congresses, trade
fairs and exhibitions' and 'other business and professional purposes'.

Tourism as a socio-economic phenomenon comprises the activities

and experiences of tourists and visitors away from their home
environment and serviced by the travel and tourism industry and host
destination. The sum total of this activity experience and services can
be seen as a tourism product.

The tourism system can be described in terms of supply and demand. Tourism planning should strive for
a balance between demands and supply. This requires an understanding not only of market characteristics
and trends but also of the planning process to meet the market needs.

Often tourist from core generating

markets are identified as the demand
side; the supply side includes all
facilities, programs, attraction, and
land uses designed and managed for
the visitors. These supply-side factors
may be under the control of private
enterprise, non-profit organizations,
and government. New and innovative
forms of partnerships are also evolving
to ensure the sustainable
development and management of
tourism related resources.

The supply and demand side can be seen to be linked by flows of resources such as capital, labor, goods
and tourist expenditures into the destination, and flows of marketing, promotion, tourist artifacts and
experiences from the destination back into the tourist generating region.

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COURSE CODE: HM 203
COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

In addition, some tourist expenditures may leak back into the visitors generating areas through
repatriation of profits of foreign tourism investors and payment for improved goods and services provided
to tourists at the destination. Transportation provides an important linkage both to and from the
destination.
Tourism also has its characteristics. Let’s
discuss it one by one.
1. Perishability is one of the most
important characteristics of the tourism
industry. The products/services in the
tourism and travel industry are consumed
as they are produced. Hotel rooms and
cable car seats cannot be warehoused for
futures sales. When a hotel room is not
booked tonight, you cannot take ‘tonight’
and sell it tomorrow. Once the train left the
station, unused capacity cannot be sold
afterwards – provided that it was no time-
traveling train. As an uncertainty in
customer demand leverages this issue,
hotels and travel agencies tend to overbook
available rooms and seats. Finding an alternative
product for the customer and living with the consequences of overbooking is statistically more
economical.
2. Another characteristic is inconsistency. Products of the tourism industry always differ. Even the
same hotel room in the same week with the same weather can be perceived differently due to
the mood of the chef. It is always about the experience that the customer makes. Rational product
attributes like price, nights of stay, and additional services can only be compared to a minor
degree. It is challenging to deal with the customer perception of the product (the perceived
quality) as it is highly affected by numerous uninfluenceable aspects such as weather,
construction sites, other customers etc. Hence, the product is very inconsistent and cannot be
standardized.
3. Investment and immobility is the next characteristic.
Talking about hotels and other accommodations
there is usually a big capital lockup in the assets.
Hotels have furniture, restaurants, TV-sets,
laundry-service, pools, saunas etc. – invested
capital that has to pay off. And that’s not all –
all those investments are attached to one
locality which means that those tourism
companies are to a huge extent dependent on the
attractiveness of the region, the country, its
surroundings and so forth.

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COURSE CODE: HM 203
COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

4. Tourism is also people-oriented. The

tourism industry builds entirely upon
people. The interaction between the staff
and the customer determines the
perceived product quality. Unlike tangible
products where the customer buys certain
features, production quality, durability etc.
the holiday quality results from personal
interactions starting with the information
and booking process over the stay up to the
journey home.
5. Tourism has also the inseparability
characteristic. Most travel products are first
sold and the produced and consumed at
the same time. This is an aspect which
clearly sets tourism apart from tangible
products. When you buy a new computer it is
produced and shipped before you see it on the website or at the retailer’s premise. The
consumption of that computer – using it – takes place after purchase at your home. You cannot
take the hotel room home – only the small bottles of shampoo and toothpaste. And you cannot
enjoy the alpine sleigh ride in your living room. Tourism products can only be consumed at the
supplier’s premise.
6. Tourism products are intangible. A night in a hotel, a day in a ski-resort, the calm flight with the
nice attendant, and the smiling tour-guide taking you to the peak of an alpine mountain – all this
cannot be touched. Tourism is all about the time spent and the experience made. The products
sold by tourism companies both can’t be reproduced or
reused. Nor can the feeling of consumption be captured
to its full extent. There are merely attempts with
photographs and video cameras. Probably everybody
was already in the situation where you showed your
holiday pictures to your family or friends and said
“Well, it looked better when I was there. The picture
cannot really reproduce the sentiment”. Tourism is a
subjective picture planted into the customers’ minds.
7. Travel products are fairly inflexible in terms of
fluctuation. Hotels cannot change their capacities
quickly enough to react on spontaneous fluctuations
in demand. Hence, such companies try to balance
between high and low demands, so that it’s not too
much of a pain for the company when restaurant
tables remain empty and for customers when there
are no more tables available.

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COURSE CODE: HM 203
COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

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COURSE CODE: HM 203
COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

There are three basic forms of tourism: domestic

tourism, inbound tourism, and outbound tourism.
Let’s discuss it one by one.
1. Domestic tourism refers to activities of a visitor
within their country of residence and outside of
their home (e.g. a Brit visiting other parts of
Britain).
2. Inbound tourism refers to the activities of a
visitor from outside of country of residence (e.g. a
Spaniard visiting Britain).
3. Outbound tourism refers to the activities of a
resident visitor outside of their country of
residence (e.g. a Brit visiting an overseas country).

'Tourism product' covers a number of different categories including:

1. Accommodation, i.e. hotels, bed & breakfasts, guest houses, self-catering/serviced apartments,
camping, caravanning and home stay
2. Hospitality, i.e. food and beverage serving services, e.g. pubs, restaurants, cafes, private dining
for groups/conferences
3. Transport services, e.g. rail, road, water, air networks and rental
4. Guided tours and tourist guides
5. Travel agencies and other reservation services, including tour operators and destination
management companies (see travel trade section)
6. Cultural services, e.g. museums, attractions
7. Sports and recreational activities
8. Retail

Tourism has two types and many forms on the basis of the purpose of visit and alternative forms of
tourism. Tourism can be categorized as international and domestic tourism.

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COURSE CODE: HM 203
COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

When people visit a foreign country, it is referred to as International Tourism. In order to travel to a foreign
country, one needs a valid passport, visa, health documents, foreign exchange, etc. The tourism activity
of the people within their own country is known as domestic tourism. Traveling within the same country
is easier because it does not require formal travel documents and tedious formalities like compulsory
health checks and foreign exchange. In domestic tourism, a traveler generally does not face many
language problems or currency exchange issues.

The tourism industry as a whole survives because of

various tourism products and services. Tourism
industry is flexible. The products of tourism cannot be
easily standardized as they are created for the
customers of varied interests and demands. That’s
making the marketing strategy of companies very
difficult but the tourism products very strong. As the
tourism products are mainly the tourists’ experience,
they can be stored only in the tourists’ memories. Yet
, souvenir products can keep some parts of the
memories in them!

Shaping the value offerings for tourism we need to

consider apart from the marketing strategy- the 5 A’s
of tourism: These are:
1. Attraction: It includes all those factors which
attract a tourist. It could be a place, nature, lakes,
beach, monuments etc.
2. Accessibility: It is how to access or reach to that place of attraction. Ways to reach.
3. Accommodation: Place to stay or accommodate while travelling for rest or overnight stays.
4. Amenities: All the other services which we require while travelling for good and comfortable living
while travel such as food, drinking water, sanitary, etc.
5. Activities: It includes activities which a place or attraction holds such as nature walks, history &
architecture, boating, views, health, etc.
All the above are major components that are taken into account in setting the branding strategy for the
services and products of tourism.

FORMS OF TOURISM according to purpose

1. ADVENTURE TOURISM – is a form that involves a certain amount of risk and excitement
• KINDS OF ADVENTURE TOURISM
1. Soft adventure involves activities that are low-risk and can be undertaken by a person
who is physically fit and able.
2. Hard adventure requires previous experience and the traveller must pose a level of
competency.
2. CULINARY TOURISM – is a form of tourism where travel to different destination that offer a
gastronomical experience.

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COURSE CODE: HM 203
COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

3. DISASTER TOURISM – The intention of people who engage in this kind of tourism s to satisfy their
appetite for knowing what happened.
4. DARK TOURISM – These are types of tourists that go to areas that were once sites of events
involving death, suffering, and grief.
5. ECOTOURISM - Is also called ecological tourism. It is a form of tourism that advocates or promotes
the protection and preservation of natural resources.
6. HERITAGE TOURISM – is also known as cultural heritage tourism. It is a form of tourism that
pursues the appreciation of the different attributes of society shaped by a country’s traditions,
history, art, architecture, beliefs, and customs.
7. LGBT TOURISM (lesbian, gay, bisexual,
transgender) – otherwise known as gay tourism
caters to a specific market of tourists.
8. MEDICAL TOURISM – medical tourism is also
called health tourism. It is a form of travel where
tourist from one country go to another to seek
healing or relief from adverse health conditions.
• KINDS OF MEDICAL HEALTH
1. Medical tourism though medical procedures
such as surgery or alternative treatment is usually
availed of by tourist or travellers who undergo joint
replacement (knee/hip), cardiac, dental, and
cosmetic surgeries to remedy their physical
ailments.
2. Faith healing can be a part of health tourism since the primary purpose of travellers
who subject themselves to this process is to find a cure for their ailments.
3. Health tourism is spa treatment or treatment of rejuvenation, relaxation, and
cleansing.
9. NAUTICAL TOURISM – involves travel, leisure, and holiday undertaken by tourists through sailing
or boating.
10. SEX TOURISM – People who travel
under this category purposely visit
areas to seek pleasure and sexual
experiences.
11. SPACE TOURISM – Space tourism is
the latest form of tourism in which
people are given the opportunity to
travel in space.
12. VOLUNTEER TOURISM – This is an
activity in which tourists undertake
holidays and do some form of
facilitating aid and assistance to the
target destination.

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COURSE CODE: HM 203
COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

13. SPORTS TOURISM – This is an activity that involves appreciation and involvement in a sports event
or competition.
• CATEGORIES OF SPORTS TOURISM
1. Participative when tourists travel to a destination and join or involve themselves in
the sports activity.
2. Non-participative travel designates tourists as mere spectators or watchers of sports
competition and events.
14. URBAN TOURISM – It involves the travel of people to the metropolitan areas either for
sightseeing, shopping, or their recreational activities.
15. RURAL TOURISM – It is a form of tourism where travellers set their sight on the countryside where
trees, farms, and animals are the highlights.
16. EDUCATIONAL TOURISM – It is a form of travel where the participants’ objective is not just for
leisure but also to enhance their knowledge and to learn.
17. FILM TOURISM- This is type of tourism wherein people go to certain places/tourist sites and make
it the place of a scene in a movie or drama. People/viewers are usually curious to visit and
experience the ambiance of the said tourist site/place.
18. SUSTAINABLE TOURISM- this type of tourism
consists of renewable energy resources like wind
farms, solar farms, and hydro plant that help make
sure that energy will be sustained for longer period
with less negative effect on nature. These are great
tourist spots since its teaches each one to be
compassionate towards mother nature.
19. FESTIVAL TOURISM – These celebrations are
characterized by participative street parades,
dances, concerts, or rituals.
20. EVENTS TOURISM – This type or tourism is a
broader, expanded form of festival tourism. It
differs from festival tourism in terms of magnitude
or scope of the celebration.
• CONVENTION – Any gathering or related activity
for the purpose of exchanging or disseminating
views, technical expertise, experiences, knowledge,
skills, information, and policies.
• TYPES OF CONVENTION
1. CONFERENCE – usually general sessions and face-to-face groups with high
participation to plan, get facts, and solve organizational and member problems.
2. CONGRESS – More commonly used European convention and mainly international in
scope.
3. SEMINAR – Usually one face-to-face group sharing experiences in a particular field
under the guidance of an expert discussion leader. Attendance generally lists 30
persons or less.
4. LECTURE – A formal presentation of an expert, sometimes followed by an expert,
sometimes followed by a question-and-answer period.

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COURSE CODE: HM 203
COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

5. SYMPOSIUM – A panel discussion by experts in a given field before a large audience’

some audience participation allowed but appreciably less than a forum.
6. FORUM – A panel discussion taking opposite sides of an issue by experts in a given
field with liberal opportunity but audience participation.
7. WORKSHOP – Usually a general session and face-to-face groups of participants
training each other to gain new knowledge, skills, or insights into problems;
attendance general consists of not more than 30-35 participants.
8. COLLOQUIUM – A program in which the participants determine the matter/s to be
discussed. The occasion is usually attended by 35 persons or less with equal emphasis
on instruction and discussion.

FORMS OF TOURISM according to area/destination

International tourism is a form of tourism that involves traveling from one country to another.
1. OUTBOUND TOURISM – visits by residents of a country to another country.
2. INBOUND TOURISM – visits to a country by non-residents.
3. INTERNAL TOURISM – visits by residents and non-residents within a country.
4. DOMESTIC TOURISM – visits by residents of a country within their own country
5. NATIONAL TOURISM – internal tourism plus outbound tourism.

FORMS OF TOURISM according to length of stay

1. OVERNIGHT VISITORS OR TOURISTS – visitors who stay at least one night in a collective or private
accommodation in the place or country visited.
2. SAME DAY VISITORS OR EXCURSIONISTS – visitors who do not spend the night in a collective or
private accommodation establishment in the country visited.

OTHER FORMS OF TOURISM

Travel is not exclusively for the purpose of tourism.
BORDER WORKERS – These are citizens of one country who usually cross the border to find work or do a
job in the neighboring state.
DIPLOMATS AND CONSULS – These are people assigned by the government of their homeland to
represent their country on political, economic, cultural, military, and foreign policy matters.
IMMIGRANTS – Immigrants (people leaving a country to settle in another country)/ emigrants) people
from another country settling within a country) are people who travel from one place to another with the
objective of settling n their designation for good.
MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES – Military personnel whether from the army, navy, airforce, or national
police and assigned in areas away from home.
NOMADS – Nomads are a group of people sometimes as big as one community who travel from one place
to another for the primary purpose of looking for sustenance/ food.
REFUGEES – These are people displaced from their homes/ countries for various reasons such as famine,
epidemic, war, natural calamities, etc.
TRANSIT PASSENGERS – People who enter a country without the intention of exploring that country
except to take the connecting transport enroute to other countries.

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COURSE CODE: HM 203
COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

Tourist is anyone who travels to places other than

the one in which is his habitual residence, outside
of their everyday environment, for a period of at
least one night but not more than one year and
whose usual purpose is different from the
exercise of any remunerated activity in the place
to which he goes. A tourist is a product of tourism.
Tourists are the people who take part in tourist
activities. Tourists are important stakeholders of
tourism.

Travel refers to the movement of people from

one location to another. A traveler is someone
who moves between different geographic locations, for any purpose and any duration (UNWTO,2010).

Why do people travel? People travel for many reasons and love travel for different reasons too. Some
people don’t enjoy travel, but they still have to travel for many reasons. Reasons can involve work, family,
health or medical treatment, social or economic needs. People who love to travel enjoy relaxation, new
cultures, foreign food, or incredible landscapes different from their normal surroundings. Some people
enjoy the motion of traveling, being on a boat, plane, train, or bus. Reasons people travel are many and
complex.

The world is getting smaller in terms of how people nowadays can go to different places in a span of a
day. Traveling is not a luxury anymore. It can be done by anyone with proper planning. As we become
more connected, we get to know more about different places, and the more we know, the more we get
the urge to explore. What can be the elements we need to know to experience traveling?
1. FUNDING/MONEY
Traveling can be a very expensive activity if one wants to
splurge on the luxury kind of travel. However, it can
also be affordable with the help of really good
planning and understanding of your own
personal preferences. I usually plan my
travels months before. Not only does it
make me very excited, but it also helps me
budget my funds. I try to go to a place that
I haven’t been to once a year. This means
that I have to set aside a travel fund and
decide where I want to go. Instead of asking for
gifts for birthdays or Christmas, it would be a good
idea to ask for donations for your travel funds. Part-time jobs are
also available everywhere, the salary might be small, but with proper budgeting, they will all add up. Smart
planning and preparation will really make traveling affordable for everyone.

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COURSE CODE: HM 203
COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

2. DESTINATIONS
Who wouldn’t want to stop working and travel
everywhere? Sadly, that’s not possible for
everyone, so carefully planning the place that
you want to go to has to be a priority. Always
think that I can still explore more places
locally if my time is limited and have the same
fun as when I go internationally. The first
thing to do is to know my preference. Should
it be a nature-focused trip, beach destination,
colder place or an adventure trip? After that,
I look at local destinations that I haven’t been
to. Most places around the country or to
nearby ones offer most of the things that I
want to do. I then decide by browsing through
websites and looking at the places where not that many people go. I like to explore those kinds of places
and see what they have to offer. Also, make sure that you plan your itinerary well, be flexible and also
don’t think that you can see everything. It’s better actually to see and experience a place rather than just
hop on and off.
3. RIGHT TIME AND SEASON
Peak tourist season means that hotels and flights will be more expensive. That’s why it’s important to first
decide the destination and read up about the right season to travel there. If time is not
on your side, it’s still possible to schedule your travel by going when it’s
almost at the end of that season. I usually go when I get my holidays,
however, with the help of my advanced planning, I am able to check
when I can possibly get the best of what hotels and flights have to
offer.
4. SENSE OF FUN AND ADVENTURE
I can say that my best travel moments and destinations were
when I went with locals. It might be a little bit scary but they
really know where the best places to go. We usually go to
restaurants with no tourists but full of locals. I found that a smile
goes a long way and people usually respond to this, especially in
Southeast Asia. Try to learn a few words of the local language and
people will try to help you out more. They appreciate the effort and that goes
a long way in meeting and enjoying yourself.

TYPES OF TOURIST
A. STANLEY PLOG’S MODEL
1. PSYCHOCENTRICS
• Non-adventurous
• Prefer the familiar travel
• Non-risk takers
• Passive type of travellers

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COURSE CODE: HM 203
COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

2. MIDCENTRICS
• Dwell between allocentric and psychocentric tourists
• Most tourist belong to this category
• A combination of the characteristics of the two other categories
3. ALLOCENTRICS
• Try new products
• Adventurous
• Prefer the off-the-beaten tracks
• Self-confident
B. ERIK COHEN’S MODEL
1. ORGANIZED MASS TOURIST
• Packaged tours
• Prefers the familiar environment
2. INDIVIDUAL MASS TOURIST
• Major arrangements made through a travel intermediary
• Tourist as some control over his/her itinerary and time allocations
• Remains with the environmental bubble of home country
3. EXPLORER
• Usually plans his/her own trip
• Avoids developed tourists attractions
• Mixes with locals but still protected by environmental bubble
4. DRIFTER
• Plans his/her own trip
• Avoids tourist attractions and lives with the locals
• Immerses in the host culture, partakes of the local food, lives in the native
shelter, and observes local habits and freestyles.
C. PHILIP PEARCE’S TRAVELERS CATEGORY
1. TOURIST
• Takes photos, buys souvenirs, goes to famous places, stays briefly in one place,
and does not understand the local people.
2. TRAVELER
• Stays briefly in one place, experiments with local food, goes to famous places,
takes photos, and explores privately
3. HOLIDAYMAKER
• Takes photos, goes to famous places, is alienated from society, buys souvenirs,
and contributes to the local economy.
4. JETSETTER
• Lives a life of luxury, is concerned with social status, seeks sensual pleasures,
and prefers interacting with people of his/her own kind.
5. BUSINESSPERSON
• Is concerned with social status, contributes to the local economy, does not take
photos, prefers interacting with people of his/her own kind and goes to famous
places.

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COURSE CODE: HM 203
COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

6. MIGRANT
• Has language problems, prefers interaction with people of his/her own kind,
does not understand the local people, does not live a life of luxury and does not
exploit local people
7. CONVERSATIONALIST
• Is interested in the environment, does not buy souvenirs, does not exploit the
local people, explores places privately, and takes photos.
8. EXPLORER
• Explores places privately, is interested in the environment, takes physical risks,
does not buy souvenirs, and keenly observes the visited society
9. MISSIONARY
• Does not buy souvenirs, searches for the meaning of life, does not live a life of
luxury, does not seek sensual pleasures, and keenly observes the visited society.
10. OVERSEAS STUDENT
• Experiments with the local food, does not exploit the local people, takes photos,
keenly observes the visited society, and takes physical risks.
11. ANTHROPOLOGIST
• Keenly observes the visited society, explores places privately, is interested in the
environment, and does not buy souvenirs.
12. HIPPIE
• Does not buy souvenirs, does not live a life of luxury, is not concerned with social
status, does not take photos, and does not contribute to the local economy.
13. INTERNATIONAL ATHLETE
• Is not alienated from own society, des not exploit the local people, does not
understand the local people, explores places privately, and searches for the
meaning of life.
14. OVERSEAS JOURNALIST
• Takes photos, keenly observes the visited society, goes to famous places, takes
physical risks, and explores places privately.
15. RELIGIOUS PILGRIMS
• Searches for the meaning of life, does not live a life of luxury, is not concerned
with the social status, does not exploit the local people, and does not buy
souvenirs.

Let’s define hospitality. Hospitality includes the “reception and

entertainment of travelers, the way they are treated by the industry
employees and an overall concern for their well-being and satisfaction.
The word hospitality comes from the Latin word “hospitare” which means
“to receive as guest”. Hospitality refers to the tradition that a host is ready
to provide food, beverage and lodging for someone away from home.

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COURSE CODE: HM 203
COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

The history of pineapple as the symbol of hospitality:

American colonists began importing pineapple from the
Caribbean in the 17th century. Due to its seemingly exotic
qualities and rareness, the pineapple soon became a symbol
of hospitality in early America. Because trade routes between
America and the Caribbean Islands were often slow and
perilous, it was considered a significant achievement from a
host to procure a ripe pineapple for guests. Similarly, some
accounts tell of New England sea captains who, upon
returning from trade routes in the Caribbean or Pacific, would
place a pineapple outside their homes as a symbol of a safe
return.

Due to its association with warmth and friendliness,

pineapples in America were often used as the "crowning" piece in large displays of food. The pineapple
symbol was also used frequently in the 18th and 19th centuries to decorate bed posts, tablecloths,
napkins, and anything associated with welcoming guests. Today, the pineapple remains a fitting symbol
for the hospitality industry, and pineapple-themed products still abound. From lamps to candle holders
to salt and pepper shakers and beyond, the pineapple motif says...WELCOME!

To dig into the actual definition of the word “hospitality,” we considered three perspectives: operator,
tech, and guest.
1. The Guest Perspective
Whether you’re in the service or tech industry, you have
received hospitality countless times. Hospitality is the thing
that buffers our stress, boredom, or exhaustion and treats
us with enjoyment and relaxation. It gives us an experience
that replaces other emotions from the day. We’re willing to
pay for it, and we’re only satisfied if our expectations are
met with the service we receive. In a transactional sense, it’s
the relationship between the guest and the host (in a
restaurant, this is the venue and its entire staff, not just
whoever is working the host stand).In order for hospitality
to be good, as a guest, we have to feel comfortable and well-
served.
2. The Operator Perspective
In a hospitality setting, the guest exists to be served; the
operator exists to serve. An operator succeeds when he or
she makes a guest feel comfortable and catered to. It’s
delivering this experience that brings guests back and drives
repeat revenue.
3. With technology. Restaurants and hotels use reservation,
seating, and guest management tools to make this happen.

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COURSE CODE: HM 203
COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

Importance of Tourism and Hospitality

1. Economic Progression.
2. Generation of employment.
3. Promotion of culture and cultural heritage.
4. Societal progress.
5. Significance to education.
6. Dispersion of development.
7. Environment and Culture preservation.
8. Build strong relationship between countries
9. Better planning strategies for infrastructure development
10. World’s peace industry
11. Foreign Exchange Earnings

Characteristics of Tourism and Hospitality

1. The tourism and hospitality are dynamic. Our industry is marked by usually continuous and productive
activities. It is a 24/7 industry that caters to delivering guest services. We don’t usually celebrate holidays
nor special occasions personally but we spent it while on duty.
2. The tourism and hospitality industry are seasonal. The influx of guest is not a constant happening in our
industry. We also have the peak and off peak seasons.
3. Tourism and hospitality are a labor-extensive industry. We are dealing with services and that is what
makes our industry more labor intensive compared to other industries. We provide services 24/7.
4. Tourism and Hospitality is people-oriented. We deal
with different people with different personalities and
demands. We make sure to provide them the best
services we can give.
5. Tourism and hospitality are a multi-dimensional
phenomenon. The service in a hospitality industry is
not complete without a holistic experience. Food,
service and lodging are just of the things that
comprises a complete tourism experience.
Experiences differ from person to another.
6. Tourism and hospitality products are unlimited.
Services cannot be measured. Guests might demand
more than he or she needs but we will never get
tired of giving them quality service.
7. Tourism and hospitality products are purchased
without even insisting the people to buy them.
Everyone needs to unwind from stress and work. Our industry might be costly but people demand for us.

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COURSE CODE: HM 203
COURSE TITLE: MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COURSE CREDIT: 3 UNITS
NAME OF PROFESSOR: Prof. Maria Nerizza Gineth Jamison-Ereso, MBA
MODULE NO. 1

Post Activity/ Assessment/ Reflection

What is your most memorable tourist spot? Relate your experience and discuss your reasons why you
consider it as your favorite tourist spot.
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