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ETH entrance exam fall 2016

Mathematics I (Analysis)
Task 1 [5 points]
Determine the domain of this equation and solve it in ! .
with +1 2z+3
=
z2 ÿ 4 z2 + 2z ÿ 8

Task 2 [5 points]
The sides of a trapezoid ABCD (AB is the base side) are AB = 10 , BC = 12 and DA = 11,

and the angle !(ABC) = 62° . Determine the length of the side CD .

and

Task 3 [14 points] f(x)

a) Use the information in the graph to determine the complete
functional equation of
x3 ÿ 3x2 ÿ10x +12
f(x) = .

ax2 + bx + c x

x1 = -1 x2 = 3

b) Determine k ÿ!>3 , so that the area between

y = -4

the skewed asymptote and the graph of f(x) in the

interval [k; k+4] takes the value 9.

If you were unable to determine the functional equation in part a, you can use f(x) in part b.
x3 ÿ 3x2 ÿ10x +12
continue calculating: f(x) .

= 2x2 ÿ 4x ÿ 6

Task 4 [10 points]

The active ingredient of a drug has a half-life of 8 hours in the blood. One tablet contains 10 mg of active
ingredient. One should assume that 100% of the active ingredient is immediately absorbed into the blood
when taken.
a) At least 3 mg of the active ingredient should always be present in the blood. After how many hours
does the second tablet have to be taken at the latest?
b) The medication is now taken every 6 hours for years. After this long period of time, the amount of active
ingredient in the blood levels out between two limit values. Determine these.

Task 5 [12 points]

A straight pyramid with a square base is inscribed in a sphere with radius R.
Determine the maximum volume of the pyramid.
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Solutions Mathematics I (Analysis) – Fall 2016

p
The grade N is calculated for the score p according to the formula N = 1+ 8 ,
where to half notes

rounding is (round up quarter note).

Solution 1
with +1 2z+3
=
Decomposition of the denominators: [1 pt]
(z + 2)(z ÿ 2) (z + 4)(z ÿ 2)

Definition area: D = ! \ {ÿ4,ÿ2,2} [1 pt]

Solution to the equation:

(z +1)(z + 4) = (2z + 3)(z + 2)

z2 + 5z + 4 = 2z2 + 7z + 6 [2 pt]
0 = z2 + 2z + 2

ÿ2 ± 4 ÿ 8
Solution formula: z1,2 = = ÿ1± i (ÿD) [1 pt]
2

Solution 2 D C
''
c '

a' b
A B

Diagonal AC : AC = AB2 +BC2 ÿ 2ÿABÿBCÿcos(ÿ) ÿ 11,460 [1 pt]

AC AB ÿ AB ÿ
= '

Angle ÿ ': ÿc = sinÿ1 ÿ sin(ÿ) ÿ ÿ 50.395° ÿ [1 pt]

sin(b) sin(c') AC
ÿ

The second solution for ÿ ' (= 129.605°) makes no sense.

'' '

Angle ÿ '': c =ÿÿÿ ÿ 67.605°

2 2

CD page : AND = AC2 + CD ÿ 2ÿACÿCDÿcos(ÿ '') [1 pt]

2

0 = CD ÿ 8.732ÿCD +10.332

Two solutions: CD ÿ 1,411 or 7,321 [2 pt]

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Solution 3.a)
Denominator of f(x): + bx + c = a x ÿ x1( ) x ÿ x2 ( ax2 ) = a x2 ( ÿ 2x ÿ 3) [2 pt]

12
Intersection with the y-axis: f(0) = ÿ4 ÿ = ÿ4 ÿ a = 1 ÿ3a [1 pt]

x3 ÿ 3x2 ÿ10x +12

Functional equation: f(x) =
x2 ÿ 2x ÿ 3

Solution 3.b)

In general: k>3

x3 ÿ 3x2 ÿ10x +12 ÿ9x + 9

Skewed asymptote: = x ÿ1+ [1 pt]
x2 ÿ 2x ÿ 3 x2 ÿ 2x ÿ 3

ÿ y = x ÿ1 [1 pt]

k+4
ÿ x3 ÿ 3x2 ÿ10x +12 ÿ
Area: A = x ÿ1ÿ
ÿ ÿ dx
ÿÿ x2 ÿ 2x ÿ 3 ÿ
k

k+4
9x ÿ 9
= ÿ dx [1 pt]
k
x2 ÿ 2x ÿ 3
k+4
9 2x ÿ 2
= ÿ dx
2
k
x2 ÿ 2x ÿ 3

1
Substitution method with g(z) = , z = u(x) = x2 ÿ 2x ÿ 3 , u'(x) = 2x ÿ 2 [1 pt]
With

u(k+4)
9 1

A= ÿ dz
2 u(k)
With

9 u(k+4)
= ÿln of (for k > 3 u (k) > 0 ) [1 pt]
2 u(k)

= 9
2
ÿ( ln (k
( ÿ+2(k
4)2+ 4) ÿ 3) ÿ ln k2 ( ÿ 2k ÿ 3))
9ÿ k2 + 8k +16 ÿ 2k ÿ 8 ÿ 3 ÿ
= ÿln [1 pt]
2
ÿ

k2 ÿ 2k ÿ 3
ÿÿ ÿ

9 ÿ k2 + 6k + 5 ÿ
= ÿln
2
ÿ ÿ

k2 ÿ 2k ÿ 3
ÿ ÿ

9 ÿ (k + 5)(k +1) ÿ
= ÿln
2
ÿ
[1 pt]
ÿÿ (k ÿ 3)(k +1) ÿ

9 ÿ k+5 ÿ
= ÿln
2
ÿ

kÿ3
[1 pt]
ÿ ÿÿ
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9 ÿ k+5 ÿ ÿ k+5 ÿ
Solution: 9 = ÿln [1 pt]
ÿ ÿ 2 = ln
2
ÿ

ÿ
kÿ3 ÿ
ÿ

kÿ3
ÿ ÿÿ

k+5
ÿ e2 = k ÿ 3 [1 pt]
ÿ e2
(k ÿ 3) = k + 5
3e2 +5
ÿ k = e2 ÿ1 ÿ 4.252 [1 pt]

Solution 3.b) with f(x)

In general: k>3

x3 ÿ 3x2 ÿ10x +12 ÿ9x + 9

Skewed asymptote: = 0.5x ÿ 0.5 + [1 pt]
2x2 ÿ 4x ÿ 6 2x2 ÿ 4x ÿ 6

ÿ y = 0.5x ÿ 0.5 [1 pt]

k+4
ÿ x3 ÿ 3x2 ÿ10x +12 ÿ
Area: A= ÿ
ÿ
0.5x ÿ 0.5 ÿ ÿ 2x2 ÿ
4x ÿ 6
dx

k ÿ ÿ

k+4
9x ÿ 9
= ÿ dx [1 pt]
k
2x2 ÿ 4x ÿ 6
k+4
9 2x ÿ 2
= ÿ dx
4 x2 ÿ 2x ÿ 3
k

1
Substitution method with g(z) = , z = u(x) = x2 ÿ 2x ÿ 3 , u'(x) = 2x ÿ 2 [1 pt]
With

u(k+4)
9 1

A= ÿ dz
4 u(k)
With

= ... (see above) [3 pt]

9 ÿ k+5 ÿ
= ÿln
[1 pt]
4
ÿ

ÿ
kÿ3 ÿÿ

9 ÿ k+5 ÿ ÿ k+5 ÿ
Solution: 9 = ÿln [1 pt]
4
ÿ

ÿ
kÿ3 ÿ
ÿ ÿ 4 = ln ÿ

kÿ3
ÿ ÿÿ

k+5
ÿ e4 = k ÿ 3 [1 pt]
ÿ e4
(k ÿ 3) = k + 5
3e4 + 5
ÿ k = ÿ 3.149 e4 ÿ1 [1 pt]
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Solution 4.a

The points for the variant with B(t) are to be awarded according to the variant with A(t).

Time course of the amount of active ingredient in the blood (t: time in hours):
A(t) = A0 ÿ0.5(t 8h) [2 pt]
or B(t) = B0 ÿe(ÿln(2)ÿt 8h)

Time until taking the second tablet: A0 = 10 mg , A(t) = 3 mg

3 = 10 ÿ0.5(t 8h)

0.3 = 0.5(t 8h)

t
ln(0.3) = ÿln(0.5) [3 pt]
8h

ln(0.3)
t = 8 hÿ ÿ 13.896 h ÿ 13 h 54min
ln(0.5)

or:
3 = 10 ÿe(ÿln(2)ÿt 8h)

0.3 = e(ÿln(2)ÿt 8h)

t
ln(0.3) = ÿln(2)ÿ 8 h

ln(0.3)
t = 8 hÿ ÿ 13.896 h ÿ 13 h 54min
ÿln(2)

Solution 4.b

Amount of active ingredient in the blood immediately after taking a tablet:

A(t ÿ ÿ) = 10mg +10mgÿ0.5(6 8) +10mgÿ0.5(12 8) +10mgÿ0.5(18 8) + ...
[2 pt]
or B(t ÿ ÿ) = 10mg +10mgÿe(ÿln(2)ÿ6 8) +10mgÿe(ÿln(2)ÿ12 8) +10mgÿe(ÿln(2)ÿ18 8) + ...

Geometric series with quotients q = 0.5(3 4) ÿ 0.5946 or q = eÿln(2)ÿ3 4 ÿ 0.5946 : [1 pt]

1

A(ÿ) = B(ÿ) = 10mgÿ ÿ 24.667mg 1ÿ q [1 pt]

Interval: A(t) ÿÿ14.667mg;24.667mg; ÿ ÿ ÿ [1 pt]

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Task 5.a)
1
Volume: V= hx2 R [1 pt]
3

R
where: x = base edge
h = height

The following applies:

hÿR ,
otherwise V is not maximum.
0<xÿR2

ÿ x2 ÿ
h = R + R2 ÿ ÿ
Additional condition: ÿ [2 pt]
2
ÿ ÿ

2
ÿ ÿ
1 ÿ x2 ÿ 1 1 x6
Target function: V=ÿ x2 R + R2 ÿ
ÿ ÿ
= Rx2 + R2 x4 ÿ 2 [1 pt]
ÿ

3 ÿ 2 3 3
ÿ ÿ
ÿ ÿÿ

Solution: V'(x) = 0
4R2 x3 ÿ 3x5
2Rx + =0 [2 pt]
x6
2 R2 x4 ÿ 2

x6
4Rx R2 x4 ÿ + 4R2 x3 ÿ 3x5 = 0
2

x2
4R R2 ÿ + 4R2 ÿ 3x2 = 0
2

x2
4R R2 ÿ = 3x2 ÿ 4R2
2
[1 pt]

ÿ x2 ÿ
16R2 R2 ÿ ÿ = [1 pt]
ÿ 9x4 ÿ2 24R2 x2 +16R4
ÿ ÿ

0 = 9x4 ÿ16R2 x2

0 = x2 9x2 ÿ16R2 ( ) [1 pt]

16
ÿ x2 = R2
9

4
ÿ x= R [1 pt]
3

ÿ 4R 2 ÿ 8 4
Maximum volume: h = R + R2 ÿ ÿ = R + R 1ÿ 9 = R
ÿ

6 3
ÿ ÿ

3
1 4 64
ÿ ÿ
ÿ R =
Vmax = ÿ ÿ
R3 [1 pt]
3 3 81
ÿ ÿ

2
R3 < Vmax [1 pt]
checking the maximum: V(0) = 0 , V(R 2) = 3