Junior High School

Grade 10

English

ENGLISH LEARNING KIT

First Quarter - Week 3

Unity of Plot, Setting

and Characterization

Grade
Grade 10-10- English
English
Competency: Appraise
Competency: Appraise thethe unity
unity of plot,
of plot, setting,
setting, andand characterization
characterization in ainmaterial
a material viewed
viewed to to achieve
achieve thethe writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)
writer’s purpose(EN10VC-1IV-c-29)
 English–Grade 10
English Learning Kit
Unity of Plot, Setting and Characterization
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

by the Department of Education
Schools Division of Iloilo
Luna Street, La Paz, Iloilo City

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
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impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

This English Learning Kit is published to be utilized by the Schools Division

of Iloilo.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the Schools Division of Iloilo.

Development Team of English Learning Kit

Writer: Dinah A. Zerrudo

Illustrators: Armand Glenn S. Lapor, Ryan D. Orig, Mark T. Dasa

Layout Artists: Lilibeth E. Larupay, Armand Glenn S. Lapor, Rosel Dooma

Division Quality Assurance Team:

Lilibeth E. Larupay, Dr. Ruby Therese P. Almencion
Armand Glenn S. Lapor, Dana D. Detablan
Julieto T. Montenegro, Jr.

Management Team: Dr. Roel Bermejo, Dr. Nordy D. Siason, Jr.

Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque, Dr. Azucena T. Falales
Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay
Dr. Ruby Therese P. Almencion

Grade 10- English

Competency: Appraise the unity of plot, setting, and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)
 Unity of Plot, Setting and Characterization

BEGIN

In 1831, this historic novel Notre Dame de

Paris (English translation-The Hunchback of Notre
Dame) is an evocation of life in medieval Paris
during the reign of Loius XI. In the novel, Hugo re-
created an atmosphere of vivid, colorful and intense
15th-century life.
The Hunchback of Notre Dame will bring
you back to the time and place where differences in
looks, physical appearance, and dispositions were a
great deal.
This lesson enables you to recognize and
accept individual differences as a step to hurdle
conflict and discord while we appraise the unity of
plot, setting, and characterization in a material
viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose.

TARGET

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. appraise the unity of plot, setting and characterization in a
material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose
(EN10VC-IV-c-29);
2. read closely to get explicitly and implicitly stated information;
3. give technical and operational definitions of terms;
4. explain how a selection may be influenced by culture, history,
environment and other factors;
5. use words and expressions to negate or affirm;
6. compare and contrast the qualities of characters in the story; and
7. summarize the story in a pyramid.

Grade 10- English 1

Competency: Appraise the unity of plot, setting, and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)
 TRY THIS

Activity 1
SETTING EXPECTATIONS
Directions: What do you expect to learn from this lesson? Write your expectations
in your English activity notebook.

DO THIS

Activity 2
THE OPER-TECH SYSTEM

Remember the following when you are

asked of the technical and operational definition
of a term. Technical definition tells you what
the concept means. On the other hand,
operational definition tells you how to
measure it, or tells what your constructs are.

Directions: Below are words/terms in the text, The Hunchback of Notre Dame.
Use your skill in defining terms operationally and technically. Copy and
accomplish the following chart in your English activity notebook.

Terms Technical Definition Operational Definition

1. cathedral
2. hunchback
3. king
4. sanctuary
5. parliament
6. recluse
7. vagabonds

Grade 10- English 2

Competency: Appraise the unity of plot, setting, and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)
 Activity 3
AGREE OR DISAGREE?
Directions: Accomplish the story anticipation-reaction guide below:
1. Before reading - read the statements in the table and check the column that
corresponds to your response.
2. After reading - review your answers and write in the last column whether
you were right or wrong.
Were You
Agree Disagree Statement
Right?
Quasimodo was famous in Paris because he
is ugly.
La Esmeralda was in love with Claude Frollo.
The Pope of Fools is paraded around Paris
by the jeering mob.
Gringoire stabbed Phoebus de Chateaupers.
La Esmeralda is as bad as the thieves she
lives in.

EXPLORE
E
Great! You did a wonderful job in
defining operational and technical terms as you
anticipate to read and learn the story. Now, you
will read a tragic story of love and
disappointment about a pathetic, disfigured
hunchback bell ringer in Notre Dame Cathedral
in Paris. This story is an excerpt from the
timeless classic novel of Victor Hugo - The
Hunchback of Notre Dame.

About the Author

Victor Hugo was a French poet and
novelist who, after training as a lawyer, embarked
on the literary career. He became one of the most
important French Romantic poets, novelists and
dramatists of his time, having assembled a
massive body of work while living in Paris,
Brussels and the Channel Islands. He was born on
February 26, 1802 in Besançon and died on May
2, 1885 in Paris. He was an author, a poet, a
novelist and playwright.

Grade 10- English 3

Competency: Appraise the unity of plot, setting, and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)
 The Hunchback of Notre Dame
Victor Hugo

During the 1482 Festival of Fools in Paris,

Quasimodo, the hunchback of Notre Dame, is
elected the Pope of Fools for being the ugliest
person in Paris. He is hoisted on a throne and
paraded by the jeering mob. Pierre Gringoire, a
struggling poet and philosopher, tries
unsuccessfully to get the crowd to watch his play
instead of the parade. Archdeacon Claude Frollo
appears and stops the parade and orders
Quasimodo back to Notre Dame with him. Looking
for something to eat, Gringoire admires the
graceful beauty of Esmeralda, a gypsy street dancer, and decides to follow her
home. After rounding a corner, she is suddenly attacked by Frollo Gringoire and
Quasimodo rushes to help her but is knocked out by Frollo as he runs away. The
king’s archers, led by Phoebus de Chateaupers arrive just in time and capture the
hunchback. Later that night, a group of beggars and thieves are about to hang
Quasimodo when La Esmeralda comes forward and offers to save his life by
marrying him for four years only.1
The next day, Quasimodo is put on trial and sentenced to two hours of torture
in the Place de Greve. He suffers both the pain of being stretched and pulled apart
as well as being publicly humiliated by the crowd of people, who hate him for his
ugliness. He begs for water, but no one answers for his pleas until La Esmeralda
comes forth and brings him something to drink. Nearby, a recluse called Sister
Gudule screams at La Esmeralda for being a “gypsy child-thief” and blames her for
her daughter’s kidnapping fifteen years earlier. A few months later, La Esmeralda is
dancing in front of Notre Dame and Phoebus calls her over to him. She has fallen in
love with him and blushes when he asks her to meet him later that night. Frollo
watches them from the top of Notre Dame and becomes insanely jealous of
Phoebus. His obsessive lust for La Esmeralda has made him renounce God and
study alchemy and black magic. In his secret cell at Notre Dame, he plans to trap La
Esmeralda like a spider catching a fly with his web. Later that night he follows
Phoebus to his tryst with La Esmeralda and stabs Phoebus repeatedly. He escapes
and La Esmeralda is captured by the king’s guard.
After being tortured at her trial, La Esmeralda falsely confesses the killing of
Phoebus and bewitched. She is sentenced to hang in the Place de Greve. Frollo
visits her in jail and declares his love. He begs her to love him and show him some
pity but she calls him a “goblin-monk” and a murderer, refusing to have anything to
do with him. Before her execution, La Esmeralda is publicly humiliated in front of

1
Department of Education. “Celebrating Diversity through World Literature - Grade 10 Learner's
Material”, 2015.

Grade 10- English 4

Competency: Appraise the unity of plot, setting, and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)
 Notre dame. Looking across the square, she suddenly sees Phoebus and calls out
his name. He actually survived the murder attempt but doesn’t want anyone to know
that he was injured. He turns away from La Esmeralda and enters the house of his
bride-to-be. Just then, Quasimodo swings down on a rope from Notre Dame and
carries her back to the cathedral, crying out “sanctuary!” He had fallen in love with
her when she brought him water and had been planning her escape all along.
La Esmeralda is safe from execution just as long as she stays inside the
cathedral. At first, she finds it hard to even look at Quasimodo, but they form an
uneasy friendship. Even though he is deaf, he enjoys being with her when she sings.
Meanwhile, a group of vagabonds resolves to save La Esmeralda after
hearing the Parliament has ordered that she be removed from Notre Dame. But
when Quasimodo sees them attack the cathedral, he thinks they come to kill La
Esmeralda and he fends them off as best as he can, killing a large number of them.
Frollo has used the attack as a diversion to sneak La Esmeralda out of the cathedral.
He offers her two choices: she can either say she loves him or be hanged. She
demands to be executed and he leaves her with Sister Gudule. To their
astonishment, they discover that they are mother and daughter. Gudule tries to
protect La Esmeralda, but it is too late.
Back at Notre Dame,
Quasimodo goes to off into the
distance, he sees the figure of La
Esmeralda in a white dress hanging
from the scaffold. He bellows out in
despair and grabs Frollo by the neck.
Holding him up in the air, Quasimodo
sighs with grief and then throws
Frollo down to his death. Looking at
La Esmeralda hanging off in the
distance and Frollo’s wrangled
corpse down below, Quasimodo
cries out: “She is everything I ever loved!” Quasimodo is never seen again. Years
later when a gravedigger stumbles across La Esmeralda’s remains, he finds the
skeleton of a hunchback curled around her.

KEEP THIS IN MIND

Well done! You have learned a lesson

how to accept differences particularly on the
physical appearance of an individual.
Remember that we live in a world of variety.

Grade 10- English 5

Competency: Appraise the unity of plot, setting, and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)
 The Hunchback of Notre Dame of Victor Hugo has interesting plot, setting
and characters. Plot, setting, and characters are only three of the elements present
in every story.
Plot is a literary term used to describe the events that make up a story.
Generally speaking, every story has five parts namely: 2
1. Exposition is the first part of the story that establishes the main
characters and setting.
2. Rising action is a part of the story in which the primary conflict is
established and is built upon to create.
3. Climax is the highest point of interest at which all rising action has
been building up to, and at which the overarching conflict is finally
addressed. Arguably, it is the biggest plot point.
4. Falling action is the point where the author ties up loose ends in the
main plot and subplots.
5. Resolution or denouement is the final plot point when everything
has been wrapped up, the conflict from the climax been resolved,
and loose ends been neatly tied up.
Setting is the context in a scene or story that describes the elements in which
the story is taking place, including the time, place, and environment.
Characters are people, animals, creatures, or things in a story. Writers
use characters to perform the actions and speak dialogue, moving the story along a plot
line.
Characterization, which can be direct or indirect, is the process by which the
writer reveals the personality of a character. Direct characterization tells the
audience what the personality of the character is. Meanwhile, indirect
characterization shows things that reveal the personality of a character.
As far as characters are concerned, people differ from one another in many
ways. Differences among individuals may be inborn or acquired. A knowledge of
these differences as well as their causes will lead to a greater tolerance and better
understanding among individuals.

2
“What is the Plot of a Story? The 5 Parts of the Narrative”, n.d. ,https://blog.prepscholar.com/what-is-
plot-definition.

Grade 10- English 6

Competency: Appraise the unity of plot, setting, and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)
 Causes of Individual Differences

Intelligence Interest Biological Social Heredity

Results of Men and Heredity People of
investigations women differ People are different
show that there greatly in different from cultures differ
is a small and interest. We one another from one
insignificant speak of one’s because they another in
difference interest in have different customs,
between men science, art, parents and traditions,
and women. literature, ancestors from beliefs, morals,
sports, music, whom they laws, and habits
mechanics, etc. inherited which are
Closely related different socially
to one’s interest physical and inherited.
are his values mental traits.
and attitudes.

Environment Training
People differ Differences in
because they training account
have different for different in
physical behavior.
environments.

SUM UP

I believe that you are now aware of three

of the story elements namely: plot, setting and
character. Now, to check if you well understood
the selection, summarize it in a story pyramid by
considering what you have learned about these
story elements.

Grade 10- English 7

Competency: Appraise the unity of plot, setting, and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)
 Activity 4
STORY PYRAMID
Directions: Copy and plot the story in a pyramid. Have one or two sentences only
for each part of the plot. Do this in your activity notebook.

To clearly show your understanding of the

selection, especially about the primary
characters of the story, why don’t you try the
succeeding activity on characterization.
Compare and contrast the qualities of the two
characters of the story. Good luck!

Grade 10- English 8

Competency: Appraise the unity of plot, setting, and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)
 APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Activity 5
WHO AM I?
Directions: Compare Frollo and Quasimodo using the words in the box. Do this in
your English activity notebook.

young ugly different lonely evil handsome

rich loving clever wise deceitful hunchback
big famous simple dangerous in-love with La Esmeralda

QUASIMODO FROLLO

___________________ __________________
___________________ __________________
___________________ __________________

REFLECT
REFLECT

Well done! You showed great

improvement after accomplishing all the
tasks in each lesson. This time, you will
reflect on your work in describing the
different traits of people in the pictures.
Grade 10- English 9
Competency: Appraise the unity of plot, setting, and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)
 Activity 6
I AM UNIQUE
Directions: Look intently at the drawings of people engaged in different activities.
What can you say about each of them? What do you think are the traits
and qualities each person in the picture possesses? Answer this in
your English activity notebook.3

A. B.

The picture tells ____________. The picture tells _____________.

C. D.

The picture tells ______________. The picture tells _____________.

E. F.

The picture tells ______________. The picture tells _______________.

3
Department of Education. “Celebrating Diversity through World Literature - Grade 10 Learner's
Material ”, 2015

Grade 10- English 10

Competency: Appraise the unity of plot, setting, and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)
 Activity 7
WHAT HAPPENED FIRST?
Directions: Arrange the sentences according to their occurrence in the story. Copy
the following in your English activity notebook and number the
sentences 1-8.
_________ a. La Esmeralda helped Quasimodo.
_________ b. The judge ordered to sentence Quasimodo of torture.
_________ c. Quasimodo killed Frollo.
_________ d. Frollo took care of Quasimodo in the cathedral.
_________ e. Quasimodo was abandoned.
_________ f. La Esmeralda danced in the street.
_________ g. Quasimodo became a bell ringer.
_________ h. Quasimodo was taken to court.

This time, reflect on certain ideas presented

in the story that will generate opinions. You
may use certain expressions in stating these
opinions.

EXPRESSIONS OF AFFIRMATION

Expressions that affirm—that’s right, no doubt about it, certainly, that is absolutely
right, that is indeed great, I have nothing against it, ye, you’re right,
definitely, that’s absolutely correct

EXPRESSIONS OF NEGATION

Expressions that negate---I respect you for that , but ....

Pardon me, but......
I have nothing against your point, however.....
Maybe you’re right ,but ...
I know what you are trying to imply, but...
You have a great point, however...
I’m sorry, but....
I understand that, however....
Activity 8
STATING OPINIONS
Directions: Use the expressions above in stating your opinion about the following
ideas from the story, The Hunchback of Notre Dame.

1. Frollo was evil to all people.

I agree I disagree

___

Grade 10- English ________ 11

Competency: Appraise the unity of plot, setting, and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)
 2. The story was primarily concerned with the themes of social differences and
discrimination.

I agree I disagree

3. The Notre Dame Cathedral was the only setting Victor hugo can use in his
story.

I agree I disagree

4. In the story, Frollo believed he can tempt La Esmeralda to love him because
of his wealth and position.

I agree I disagree

ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Activity 9
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Direction: Answer the following questions in your activity notebook.
1. Where is the setting of the story?
2. What is the significance of the structure of Notre Dame Cathedral in the
setting of the story?
3. In what ways this story would have been different if the setting were changed
to Contemporary America?
4. What class differences are depicted in the story? Name and discuss some
social strife found in the story?
5. What does it mean to live in a world of variety?
6. How do you deal with individual differences?
7. What should you do to accept such differences?

Grade 10- English 12

Competency: Appraise the unity of plot, setting, and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)
 GLOSSARY

affirm (v) to confirm

cathedral (n) a church that is the official seat of a diocesan bishop
culture (n) the act of developing the intellectual and moral faculties
especially by education
diversity (n) the state having people of different races or different
cultures in a group or organization
hunchback (n) a person with a hump on his back
king (n) a monarch, royal blood
parliament (n) a formal conference for the discussion of public affairs-
a legislative body
recluse (n) a person who lives alone and avoids others
sanctuary (n) a place of refuge and protection
theme (n) general truth or observation in life highlighted in a literary
selection
vagabonds (n) leading an unsettled, irresponsible, or disreputable life

Grade 10- English 13

Competency: Appraise the unity of plot, setting, and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)
 REFERENCES

Amparo, L. B. & Tuason, R. "Freshman Psychology 1972 Revised Ed."

Department of Education. Celebrating Diversity through World Literature - Grade 10
Learner's Material. Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2015.
(n.a.). "What is the Plot of a Story? The 5 Parts of the Narrative." (n.d.).
https://blog.prepscholar.com/what-is-plot-definition.
Saddleback Educational Publishing (copyright 2006) Three Watson Irvine,
CA92618-2767. Accessed July 24,2020 from www.sdlvack.com

Grade 10- English 14

Competency: Appraise the unity of plot, setting, and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)
 ANSWER KEY

TRY THIS APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Activity 1---SETTING EXPECTATIONS Activity 5--- WHO AM I?
Responses may vary Frollo Quasimodo
Rich ugly
DO THIS wise simple
Activity 2---THE OPER-TECH SYSTEM Archdeacon different
Possible answers Clever lonely
Technical Operational Deceitful loving
1. a dome-shaped structure of the Catholic church-- Evil hunchback
--- a church Dangerous dangerous
2. a crooked posture---a person with a hump on his Famous famous
back In-love with La Esmeralda big
3. monarch, royal blood------ruler in-love with La
4. a place of refuge and protection---- haven, abode Esmeralda
5. a formal conference for the discussion of public REFLECT
affairs---a legislative body Activity 6- I AM UNIQUE
6. marked by withdrawal from society--- secluded, Answers may vary
alone
7.moving from place to place without a fixed home-- Activity 7--- WHAT HAPPENED FIRST?
----- wandering 1. e 6. h
2. d 7. b
Activity 3--- AGREE OR DISAGREE 3. g 8. c
1. agree 4. f
2. disagree 5. a
3. agree
4. disagree Activity 8 --- STATING OPINIONS
5. agree Responses may vary

SUM UP ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Activity 4--- STORY PYRAMID Activity 9
Possible answers
Exposition--- Quasimodo, the hunchback of Notre 1. During 1482 in Paris
Dame was elected the Pope of Fools in Paris. 2. The Cathedral inspired Hugo to write the
Rising Action--- Quasimodo rushed to help La
novel. He used the history of the church as a
Esmeralda from the attack of Frollo but was caught
by Phoebus and was sentenced of torture for two backdrop for the novel’s action.
hours. 3. The novel could not be as resounding as it is
Climax---- La Esmeralda falsely confessing the for Hugo is not an American. There is no
killing of Phoebus, was tortured and sentenced of structure in America as mystifying as the
hanging. Notre Dame that can be related to
Falling Action---- Quasimodo saved La Esmeralda Quasimodo’s deformities.
from being hanged and carried her to the cathedral.
4. Class differences, physical looks, special
Denouement--- Quasimodo threw Frollo down to
death and shouted his love for La Esmeralda. privileges, of the Aristocrats and the church
5. Responses may vary
6. Varied answers
7. Varied answers

Grade 10- English 15

Competency: Appraise the unity of plot, setting, and characterization in a material viewed to achieve the writer’s purpose (EN10-VC-IV-c-29)