微積分聯合教學 會考六 May 30, 2023

考試時間 120 分鐘，題目卷為兩張紙，共三頁，滿分 110 分。為避免產生爭議，不建議使用鉛

筆作答，假設使用鉛筆，除分數加總錯誤外，均不受理成績更改。所有題目的答案都請依題號
順序依序寫在答案卷上，而是非與填充題必須寫在第一頁。答案卷務必寫學號、姓名，題目卷
不必繳回。考試開始 30 分鐘後不得入場，開始 40 分鐘內不得離場。考試期間禁止使用字典、
計算機、任何通訊器材並請勿自行攜帶任何紙張，違者成績以零分計算，監試人員不得回答任
何關於試題的疑問。Questions are to be answered on the answer sheet provided.

是非題 True or False (20 points)，請答 T (True) 或 F (False) 。每題 2 分。( 不需詳列過程，請依題
號順序依序寫在答案卷第一頁上。)

1. The polar curves r = 1 − sin 2θ, r = sin 2θ − 1 have the same graph for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π.
Ans. True.
(−r, θ) and (r, θ + π) represent the same point.

If (r, θ + π) is on the graph of r = 1 − sin 2θ.

⇐⇒r = 1 − sin(2(θ + π))

= 1 − sin(2θ + 2π)

= 1 − sin(2θ)

⇐⇒ − r = sin(2θ) − 1

⇐⇒(−r, θ) is on the graph of r = sin 2θ − 1.

2. If f (x, y) → L as (x, y) → (a, b) along every straight line through (a, b), then lim f (x, y) = L.
(x,y)→(a,b)
Ans. False.
2x2 y
Counterexample. Take f (x, y) = .
x4 + y 2
Let y = mx (m ̸= 0),
2x2 mx 2mx
lim 4 2 2
= lim 2 = 0.
x→0 x + m x x→0 x + m2

But lim f (x, y) doesn’t exist. (Consider y = kx2 , k ̸= 0.)

(x,y)→(0,0)

1
 1 5
3. The linearization of f (x, y) = x2 − xy + y 2 + 3 at the point (1, 1) is the function x − .
2 2
Ans. False.
We first evaluate f , fx and fy at the point (1, 1):

1 2 7
f (1, 1) = x − xy + y + 3 2
=
2 (1,1) 2
 
∂ 1
fx (1, 1) = x2 − xy + y 2 + 3 = (2x − y) =1
∂x 2 (1,1) (1,1)
 
∂ 1 2
fy (1, 1) = x − xy + y + 3
2
= (−x + y) =0
∂y 2 (1,1) (1,1)

giving
7 5
L(x, y) = f (1, 1) + fx (1, 1)(x − 1) + fy (1, 1)(y − 1) = + (x − 1) = x + .
2 2

Z Z
9 1 √
4. (y 2 + x)sin (x2 y 2 ) dy dx ≤ 32.
1 0
Ans. True.
Since x ≤ 9 and y ≤ 1. We have

√
(y 2 + x)sin (x2 y 2 ) ≤ (1 + 3) · 1 = 4.

Thus,
Z Z Z Z
9 1 √ 9 1
(y +2
x)sin (x y ) dy dx ≤
2 2
4 dy dx = 4 · 8 = 32.
1 0 1 0

Z 1 Z x Z 1 Z y
5. f (x, y) dy dx = f (x, y) dx dy.
0 0 0 0
Ans. False.
Z 1 Z x Z 1 Z 1
f (x, y) dy dx = f (x, y) dx dy.
0 0 0 y

6. The gradient of a differentiable function of two variables at a point is always normal to the function’s
level curve through that point.
Ans. True.
Refer to the content in Section 13.5 on page 802 in the textbook.

2
  
df
7. If exists for all directions (unit vectors) u at P0 , then f is differentiable at P0 .
ds u,P0
Ans. False.
Counterexample. Consider the function


 xy 2
 (x, y) ̸= (0, 0) ,
f (x, y) = x2 + y 4


0 (x, y) = (0, 0)

The exact computation as in §13.2 Example 6 shows that f is not continuous at (0, 0) hence f is
not differentiable at (0, 0) by §13.3 Theorem 4. However, directional derivatives exist at (0, 0) along
any unit vector (direction) u = ⟨u1 , u2 ⟩. To see this we compute
 
df f ((0, 0) + h (u1 , u2 )) − f (0, 0) h3 u1 u22 u1 u22
= lim = lim = lim
ds u,(0,0) h→0 h h→0 h(h2 u2 4 4
1 + h u2 ) h→0 u2 2 4
1 + h u2


u22 /u1 if u1 ̸= 0
=

0 if u1 = 0 .

8. Let f (x, y) be a real-valued function on R2 and u = u1 i + u2 j a unit vector. If fx (0, 0) = a and

fy (0, 0) = b, then the directional derivative of f (x, y) at the point (0, 0) in the direction u is au1 +bu2 .
Ans. False.
Counterexample. Let 

 x if y = 0,


f (x, y) = y if x = 0,



 0
if x ̸= 0 and y ̸= 0.
Then
f (t, 0) − f (0, 0) t
fx (0, 0) = lim = lim = 1,
t→0 t t→0 t
f (0, t) − f (0, 0) t
fy (0, 0) = lim = lim = 1.
t→0 t t→0 t
√ √
But, if u = (1/ 2)i + (1/ 2)j, then
√ √
f (t/ 2, t/ 2) − f (0, 0) 0 √ 1 1
Du f |(0,0) = lim = lim = 0 ̸= 2 = fx (0, 0) √ + fy (0, 0) √ .
t→0 t t→0 t 2 2

1 3 2
9. The function f (x, y) = x + 2x + y 3 + y has no local maximum points and no local minimum
3 3
points on R2 .
Ans. True.

Proof. Since fx (x, y) = x2 + 2 ̸= 0 and fy (x, y) = 2y 2 + 1 ̸= 0 for all (x, y) ∈ R2 , hence f has no
local maximum points and no local minimum points on R2 .

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 ∂(x, y) 1
10. The Jacobian of the transformation u = y − x, v = 2x + y is .
∂(u, v) 3
Ans. False.

Proof. Since x = (v − u)/3 and y = (2u + v)/3, hence

∂(x, y) −1/3 1/3

= = −1/3.
∂(u, v) 2/3 1/3

填充題 Short answer questions (40 points)，每題 5 分。(不需詳列過程，僅將答案依題號順序依序

寫在答案卷第一頁上即可。)

∂ 2f
1. Let f (x, y) = xy , x > 0. Evaluate .
∂y∂x
Answer: .

Solution.
∂f
= yxy−1
∂x
∂ 2f ∂

= yxy−1
∂y∂x ∂y
= xy−1 + y · (ln x) · xy−1

= xy−1 (1 + y ln x).

2. Convert the polar integral

Z π Z 2 sec θ
4
r5 sin2 θ dr dθ
0 0

into an equivalent Cartesian integral. (Do not evaluate the integral.) Answer: .

Solution.

Z Z Z Z
2 x
2 2 2

2 2

y x +y dy dx or y 2 x2 + y 2 dx dy
0 0 0 y

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3. Assume that z = f (x, y), x = g(t), y = h(t), fx (2, −1) = 3, and fy (2, −1) = −2. If g(0) =
dz
2, h(0) = −1, g ′ (0) = 5, and h′ (0) = −4, find . Answer: .
dt t=0

Solution.

dz
=fx (x, y)g ′ (t) + fy (x, y)h′ (t)
dt
dz
⇒ =fx (2, −1)g ′ (0) + fy (2, −1)h′ (0)
dt t=0

=(3)(5) + (−2)(−4) = 23

4. Find the average value of f (x, y) = sin(x + y) over the square 0 ≤ x ≤ π , 0 ≤ y ≤ π.

Answer: .

Solution.
The average value is
Z π Z π
1
sin(x + y) dy dx
π2
Z0 0
π π
1
= − cos(x + y) dx
π2 0
Z π 0
1
= − cos(x + π) + cos x dx
π2 0
π
1
= (− sin(x + π) + sin x)
π2 0
(− sin(2π) + sin π) − (− sin(π) + sin 0)
= =0
π2

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5. Evaluate the cylindrical coordinate integral
Z 2π Z 1 Z √
2−r 2
dz r dr dθ.
0 0 r

Answer: .

Solution.

Z 2π Z 1 Z √
2−r2 Z 2π Z 1 √
dz r dr dθ = ( 2 − r2 − r)r dr dθ
0 0 r 0 0
Z 2π 1
1 1
= (− (2 − r2 )3/2 − r3 ) dθ
0 3 3
Z 2π   0
1 3/2 2
= (2) − dθ
3 3
0
√
4π( 2 − 1)
=
3

6. Compute
Z 1 Z 1
sin y
√
dy dx.
0 x y2
Answer: .

Solution.

Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 Z y2
sin y sin y
√
dy dx = dx dy
0 x y2 0 0 y2
Z 1
= sin y dy
0
1
= (− cos y)
0

= − cos(1) − (−1) = 1 − cos(1) .

6
7. Find the value of ∂z/∂x at the point (1, ln 2, ln 3) if the equation

xey + yez + 2 ln x − 2 − 3 ln 2 = 0

defines z as a function of the two variables x and y and the partial derivative exists.

Answer: .

Solution.

Let F (x, y, z) = xey + yez + 2 ln x − 2 − 3 ln 2, then Fx = ey + (2/x), and Fz = yez .

Moreover, we have Fx (1, ln 2, ln 3) = 4, and Fz (1, ln 2, ln 3) = 3 ln 2. Hence

∂z Fx (1, ln 2, ln 3) −4
=− = .
∂x (1,ln 2,ln 3) Fz (1, ln 2, ln 3) 3 ln 2

ZZZ p
8. Evaluate the integral z x2 + y 2 + z 2 dx dy dz, where
D
p p
D = {(x, y, z) : 0 ≤ x ≤ 9 − y 2 , 0 ≤ y ≤ 3, 0 ≤ z ≤ 9 − x2 − y 2 }.

Answer: .

Solution.

ZZZ p
z x2 + y 2 + z 2 dxdydz
D
Z π/2 Z π/2 Z 3
= ρ4 cos ϕ sin ϕdρdϕdθ
0 0 0
Z Z π/2 π/2
243
= sin(2ϕ)dϕdθ
10 0 0
Z
243 π/2  π/2 
= − cos(2ϕ) dθ
20 0 0
243 π 243π
= ·2· = .
20 2 20

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計算問答證明題 Show all your work (50 points)，每題 10 分，請依題號順序依序寫在答案卷上，可
以用中文或英文作答。詳列計算過程，否則不予計分。需標明題號但不必抄題。

1. (10 points)

a. (5 points) Find the Taylor series generalized by f (x) = 2x at x = 1.

b. (5 points) Find the Maclaurin series of

sin x cos x.
X
∞
Write your answer as a power series of the form cn xn .
n=0

Solution.
a.

f (x) = 2x , f ′ (x) = 2x ln 2, f ′′ (x) = 2x (ln 2)2 , f ′′′ (x) = 2x (ln 2)3 , ..., f (n) (x) = 2x (ln 2)n , ...

f (1) = 2, f ′ (1) = 2 ln 2, f ′′ (1) = 2(ln 2)2 , f ′′′ (1) = 2(ln 2)3 , ..., f (n) (1) = 2(ln 2)n , ...

2(ln 2)2 2(ln 2)3 2(ln 2)n

=⇒ 2 = 2 + (2 ln 2)(x − 1) +
x
(x − 1) +
2
(x − 1) + · · · +
3
(x − 1)n + · · ·
2! 3! n!
X∞
2(ln 2)n (x − 1)n
= .
n=0
n!

b.
1 X (−1)n ∞
Since sin x cos x = sin 2x and sin x = x2n+1 (the Maclaurin series of sin x).
2 n=0
(2n + 1)!
The Maclaurin series of sin x cos x is

1 X (−1)n X (−1)n 22n

∞ ∞
(2x)2n+1 = x2n+1
2 n=0 (2n + 1)! n=0
(2n + 1)!
X∞
(−1)n 4n 2n+1
= x .
n=0
(2n + 1)!

8
2. (10 points) Evaluate
Z Z
1 1−x
√
x + y(y − 2x)2 dy dx.
0 0

Solution.

We sketch the region R of integration in the xy-plane and identify its boundaries. The integrand
suggests the transformation u = x + y and v = y − 2x. Routine algebra produces x and y as functions
of u and v:

 

x + y = u 
x = 1 (u − v) ∂(x, y) 1/3 −1/3 1
⇒ 3 ⇒ = = .

y − 2x = v  1
y = (2u + v) ∂(u, v) 2/3 1/3 3
3
We find the boundaries of G from the boundaries of R, shown in the accompanying table:

xy-equations for the Corresponding uv-equations for Simplified uv-

boundary of R the boundary of G equations
u  
v 2u v
x+y =1 − + + =1 u=1
3 3 3 3
u v
x=0 − =0 v=u
3 3
2u v
y=0 + =0 v = −2u
3 3

Thus,
Z Z Z Z
1 1−x
√ u=1 v=u
∂ (x, y)
x + y(y − 2x) dy dx = 2
u1/2 v 2 dv du
0 0 u=0 v=−2u ∂ (u, v)
Z 1Z u  
1/2 2 1
= u v dv du
0 −2u 3
Z  v=u
1 1 1/2 v 3
= u du
3 0 3 v=−2u
Z
1 1 1/2 3
= u (u + 8u3 ) du
9 0
Z 1 1
7/2 2 9/2 2
= u du = u = .
0 9 0 9

9
3. (10 points) Find the dimensions of the closed rectangular box with maximum volume that can be
inscribed in the unit sphere.
Solution.
Assume the center of the unit sphere is (0, 0, 0).
Let V = 2x · 2y · 2z = 8xyz and g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 − 1 = 0


∇V = 8yzi + 8xzj + 8xyk
⇒

∇g = 2xi + 2yj + 2zk

Using the Lagrange Multiplier λ





 8yz = 2λx


∇V = λ∇g ⇒ 8xz = 2λy





8xy = 2λz


xyz = 1 λx2




4

⇒ xyz = 1 λy 2

 4



xyz = 1 λz 2
4


y = ±x
⇒ ⇒ x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 3x2 = 1

z = ±x

1
⇒ x = √ since x > 0
3
2 2 2 8
The dimensions of the box are √ by √ by √ for maximum volume √ . (Note that there is
3 3 3 3 3
no minimum volume since the box could be made arbitrarily thin.)

10
4. (10 points) Find the maximum value of the function

1 1
f (x, y) = xy + +
x y

on the set D located in the first quadrant whose boundaries are given by the curves x = 1/4, y = 1/4,
xy = 4.
Solution.
First we find critical points inside the domain D: We have

1 1
∇f (x, y) = ⟨y − , x − ⟩ = ⟨0, 0⟩ at (1, 1) .
x2 y2

Next, we find critical points on the boundary of D. On the curve

 
1 1
C1 = (x, y) xy = 4, ≤ x ≤ 16, ≤ y ≤ 16
4 4

f reduces to a one variable function:

   
1 4 1 x
h : , 16 → R , h(x) = f x, = 4+ + .
4 x x 4
1 1

Hence h′ (x) = − 2 . This yield a critical point x = 2 ∈ 1
4
, 16 for h, which translates to the point
4 x
(2, 2) for f .

On the curve
  
1 1
C2 = x, ≤ x ≤ 16
4 4
f reduces to
   
1 1 x 1
g : , 16 → R , g(x) = f x, = + +4
4 4 4 x

11



which has the same form as h. Hence x = 2 ∈ 1
for g, which translates into the point 2, 14 con
4
, 16


the curve C2 . By symmetry, the same sort of computations indicates that 41 , 2 is another critical
point for f on the curve
  
1 1
C3 = ,y ≤ y ≤ 16
4 4
We compare function values at these critical points along side with the three corner points (which




consist of the boundaries of C1 , C2 and C3 ) 14 , 41 , 16, 41 , 14 , 16 . And we obtain
         
1 1 1 1 1 1 129
f (1, 1) = 3 , f (2, 2) = f 2, = f ,2 = 5, f , = f , 16 = f 16, = .
4 4 4 4 4 4 16
129
From the above we conclude that the maximum of f on D is (and the minimum value of f is
16
3).

12
5. (10 points) Let f (x, y, z) = cos(xy) + eyz + ln(zx).

a. In what directions does f change most rapidly at the point (1, 0, 1/2), and what are the rates
of change in these directions.

b. Find the tangent plane of the level surface f (x, y, z) = 2 − ln 2 at the point (1, 0, 1/2).

Ans.

a-1. f increases most rapidly in the direction of ∇f (1, 0, 1/2) = i + (1/2)j + 2k (or ∇f /|∇f | =
√
√2 i + √1 j + √4 k) with rate |∇f (1, 0, 1/2)| = 21/2
21 21 21

a-2. f decreases most rapidly in the direction of −∇f (1, 0, 1/2) = −i − (1/2)j − 2k (or −∇f /|∇f | =
−2 −1 −4
√
√
21
i + √
21
j + √
21
k) with rate −|∇f (1, 0, 1/2)| = − 21/2

b. The tangent plane is 2(x − 1) + y + 4(z − 1/2) = 0 or 2x + y + 4z = 4.

Solution.
1
fx = −y sin(xy) + (1/x) ⇒ fx (1, 0, ) = 1.
2
1 1
fy = −x sin(xy) + zeyz ⇒ fy (1, 0, ) = .
2 2
1
fz = yeyz + (1/z) ⇒ fz (1, 0, ) = 2.
2
√
Hence ∇f (1, 0, 1/2) = i + (1/2)j + 2k, |∇f (1, 0, 1/2)| = 21
2
and

∇f (1, 0, 1/2) 2 1 4
= √ i + √ j + √ k.
|∇f (1, 0, 1/2)| 21 21 21

The tangent plane is 2(x − 1) + y + 4(z − 1/2) = 0 or 2x + y + 4z = 4.

(試題結束)

13