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!!!! A. Integration  By  Parts   C. Integration  by  Algebraic  Substitution  


1. 𝑢! 𝑑𝑢 = !!!
+ 𝑐, 𝑛 ≠ −1, 𝑛  rational  
Case   1:   integrands   containing  
!"
𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − 𝑣𝑑𝑢   !
2. = 𝑙𝑛 𝑢 + 𝑐                         𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏  
!   !
Let              𝑢 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏  
!! B. Integration   of   Rational   Functions   by    
3. 𝑎! 𝑑𝑢 = !" ! + 𝑐                                                                    𝑢! = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏  
Partial  Fractions      𝑛𝑢!!! 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑎𝑑𝑥  
4. 𝑒 ! 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 ! + 𝑐             𝑛(𝑥)  
 
5. sin 𝑢  𝑑𝑢 = − cos 𝑢 + 𝑐   𝑚(𝑥) Case   2:   integrands   containing  
Case  1:  𝑚 𝑥  have  distinct  linear  factors   multiple  radicals  
6. cos 𝑢  𝑑𝑢 = sin 𝑢 + 𝑐   𝑛(𝑥) 𝐴! 𝐴! 𝐴! 𝑛 = 𝐿𝐶𝑀    (all  the  indices  of  the    
= + +⋯+  
𝑚(𝑥) 𝑎! 𝑥 + 𝑏! 𝑎! 𝑥 + 𝑏! 𝑎! 𝑥 + 𝑏!                                    radicals  in  the  integrand)  
7. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 ! 𝑢  𝑑𝑢 = tan 𝑢 + 𝑐        
Let      𝑥 = 𝑢!                      𝑑𝑥 = 𝑛𝑢!!! 𝑑𝑢  
8. 𝑐𝑠𝑐 ! 𝑢  𝑑𝑢 = − cot 𝑢 + 𝑐   Case  2:  𝑚 𝑥  have  repeated    linear  factors  
 
𝑛(𝑥) 𝐴! 𝐴! 𝐴!
9. sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = sec 𝑢 + 𝑐       =
𝑚(𝑥) 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
+
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 !
+⋯+
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 !
  Case  3:  Reciprocal  substitution  
  Integrands   containing   expression   of  
10. csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢  𝑑𝑢 = − csc 𝑢 + 𝑐   !(!)
Case  3:  𝑚 𝑥  have  distinct  quadratic  factors   the  form   2
 
! 𝑎𝑥 +𝑏𝑥+𝑐
11. tan 𝑢  𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛   sec 𝑢 + 𝑐   for  which  the  discriminant  𝑏 ! − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0   ! !!
Let  𝑥 = !                                  𝑑𝑥 = !!  
12. cot 𝑢  𝑑𝑢 = ln sin 𝑢 + 𝑐   𝑛(𝑥) 𝐴! 𝐷! + 𝐵! 𝐴! 𝐷! + 𝐵!
= + +⋯  
𝑚(𝑥) 𝑎! 𝑥 ! + 𝑏! 𝑥 + 𝑐! 𝑎! 𝑥 ! + 𝑏! 𝑥 + 𝑐!
13. sec 𝑢  𝑑𝑢 = ln sec 𝑢 + tan 𝑢 + 𝑐   𝐴! 𝐷! + 𝐵! D. Trigonometric  Substitution  
+  
𝑎! 𝑥 ! + 𝑏! 𝑥 + 𝑐! Case  1:   𝑎! − 𝑢!  
14. csc 𝑢  𝑑𝑢 = ln csc 𝑢 − cot 𝑢 + 𝑐   𝑑
𝐷! = 𝑎 𝑥 ! + 𝑏! 𝑥 + 𝑐!   Let                          𝑢 = asin 𝜃  
!" ! 𝑑𝑥 !
15. = sin!! ! + 𝑐, 𝑎 > 0     𝑑𝑢 = acos 𝜃𝑑𝜃  
! ! !!!
!" ! !
Case   4:   𝑚 𝑥  have   repeated   quadratic   𝑎! − 𝑢! = acos 𝜃  
16. ! ! !!!
= ! tan!! !
+ 𝑐, 𝑎 ≠ 0   factors   for   which   the   discriminant   𝑏 ! −  
!" ! ! 4𝑎𝑐 < 0   Case  2:   𝑎! + 𝑢!  
17. = ! sec !! + 𝑐, 𝑎 > 0   Let                          𝑢 = atan 𝜃  
! !! !! ! ! 𝑛(𝑥) 𝐴! 𝐷! + 𝐵! 𝐴! 𝐷! + 𝐵!
= + +⋯
!" 𝑚(𝑥) 𝑎𝑥 ! + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑎𝑥 ! + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 ! 𝑑𝑢 = a𝑠𝑒𝑐 ! 𝜃𝑑𝜃  
18. = 𝑙𝑛 𝑢 + 𝑢! + 𝑎! + 𝑐, 𝑎 > 0   𝐴! 𝐷! + 𝐵!
!! !! ! 𝑎! + 𝑢! = asec 𝜃  
+  
𝑎𝑥 ! + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 !
!"
= 𝑙𝑛 𝑢 + 𝑢! − 𝑎! + 𝑐, 𝑑  
19. !! !! !   𝐷 = 𝑎𝑥 ! + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐  
 0 < 𝑎 < 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 Case  3:   𝑢! − 𝑎!  
  Let                          𝑢 = asec 𝜃  
!" ! !!!  
20. ! ! !!!
= !! ln !!!
+ 𝑐, 𝑢 ≠ 𝑎, 𝑎 ≠ 0   𝑑𝑢 == asec 𝜃 tan 𝜃𝑑𝜃  
Note:   this   technique   can   be   used   when  
  𝑢! − 𝑎! = atan 𝜃  
deg 𝑛 𝑥 < deg  (𝑚 𝑥 )  
 
 

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