Ls.

13 Simple Machines
Q.1 Define:
1) Lever: A simple machine that turns around a fixed point is called a lever.
2) Inclined plane: A simple machine that has a sloping surface is called an inclined plane.
3) Screw: An inclined plane wound around a rod is called a screw.
4) Pulley: A pulley is a simple machine that is used to lift heavy objects.

Q.2 Give reason:

1) Ramps are provided in hospitals.
Ans: Ramps are provided in hospitals so that wheelchairs of patients can be easily
pushed.

2) Travelling bags have wheels.

Ans: Travelling bags have wheels because wheel is a simple machine which reduces our
effort, so that we can easily pull the travelling bag from one place to other.

Q.3 Answer the following:

1) What is a simple machine?
Ans: A device that makes our work easier and faster is called simple machine.

2) What are the different types of simple machines?

Ans: i) Lever ii) Inclined plane iii) Pulley iv) Wedge v) Screw vi) Wheel and axle

3) What is meant by load, effort and fulcrum?

Ans: The object on which the work is to be done is called the load (L).
The force applied on a lever to lift the load is called effort (E).
The fixed point on which a lever moves is called the Fulcrum (F).

4) Explain three types of levers with diagram.

Ans: First class lever:
In first class lever, fulcrum is between the load and the effort.
For example: see-saw, scissor.
Second class levers:
In the second class lever, load is in between the fulcrum and effort.
For example: bottle opener, wheelbarrow
Third class lever:
In third class lever, the effort is in between the fulcrum and load.
For example: forceps, ice tongs

5) Write a short note on the simple machine – wedge.

Ans: A wedge is a simple machine that has two or more inclined planes that together form a
sharp and pointed edge. It is used to cut or split things. Axe, blade, knife are examples of a
wedge.
Q.4 Differentiate between fixed pulley and movable pulley.
Ans:
Fixed pulley Movable pulley

i) A fixed pulley has a fixed axle. i) A movable pulley has a free axle.

ii) This kind of pulley is used to draw ii) This kind of pulleys are used in cranes
water from wells and in flag posts to hoist and elevators.
flags.

Q.5 Draw neat labelled diagram of:

i) Three types of lever

ii) Two types of pulley
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