Estampas - prints of miraculous images

Estampitas - smaller version of estampas

Retablo - a frame or shelf enclosing decorated panels or reveredobjects above and behind an altar.

Liturgical Music -music that is played or sung during religious gatherings.

Pasyon -narrative of life of Jesus Christ,focused on his passion, death, and resurrection

Pasyon - The uninterrupted chanting or pabasa of the entire book from the start to end is a popular
Filipino catholic devotion during Lenten season.

Secular Music - non religious music

Awit and Korido - - traditional form of narrative song in the Philippines.

Awit - refers to a song or poem that tells a story. 12 syllables

Korido - narrative of a life and adventure of a person 8 syllables

Harana -is a serenade tradition in rural areas of the Philippines in which young men may formally meet
single lady visitors.

Kundiman - traditional songs of longing, courtship, and love

Balitao - extemporaneous exchange of love verses between a man and a woman

Rondalla - an ensemble of stringed instruments played with the plectrum or pick

Brass band - a group of musicians playing brass instruments and sometimes also percussion.

Waltz - a very popular social and wedding dance. It is characterized by an elegant “rise and fall,” turns,
and gorgeous body sways.

Mazurka - folk dance for a circle of couples, characterized by stamping feet and clicking heels

carinosa - courtship dance introduced by the Spaniards in the 16th century, and its name means "loving
one" or "affectionate one."

Rigodon de honor - is a square formationed dance

Paso Doble - an old ballroom dance made popular in the Philippines by the Spaniards. Paso Doble
translated literally means "double step"

Fandango - dance accompanied by castanets.

Sarsuela - Spanish opera a theatrical play that contains musical acts.

Senakulo - the staged re-enactment of Christ's passion and death.

Komedya - theatrical play that depicts the conflict between the Moros and Christian

1925, Paz Marquez Benitez - published the short story Dead Stars, marking the birth of modern
Philippine Literature in English
Bodabil - It featured a hodgepodge of musical numbers, short-form comedy and dramatic skits, and even
magic acts,

Italianate - a style which originated in Western Europe reviving the elements of Italian Renaissance
architecture.

Victorian - a style in Europe during the reign of Queen Victoria in Great Britain reviving and or combining
the elements of Gothic and Italianate style.

Mission Revival - an architect movement which originated in the US reviving or employing the elements
of Spanish Colonial Revival Style.

Neoclassical - a style originated from Europe and US reviving and combining the Greek and Roman
Classical Architecture with the ideas of Renaissance architecture.

Neogothic - a style originated from Europe and is used in the Philippines reviving the style of Gothic

architecture.

Neo-renaissance - a style originated in Italy during the period of architectural style revival in 19th
century

Chiaroscuro - the use of light and shadow to create the illusion of light from a specific source shining on
the figures and objects in the painting.

Landscape painting - recognized for depicting traditional Filipino customs, culture, fiestas, and
professions.

Still life painting- is an artwork that depicts carefully arranged

objects which are mostly inanimate. They can be natural or manmade

.Mass media - A prominent medium was cartoon as seen in magazines or comics or in films that were
shown in cinemas or movie theaters.

Impressionism on the practice of painting out of doors and spontaneously 'on the spot' rather than in a
studio from sketches. Main impressionist subjects were landscapes and scenes of everyday life.

Cubism - a style art mostly painting) that is composed of little cubes and other geometric shapes.

Surrealism- is a form of art wherein the artists aimed to allow the unconscious mind to express itself,
often resulting in the depiction of illogical or dreamlike scenes and ideas.

Abstract Art - art that does not attempt to represent an accurate depiction of a visual but instead uses
shapes, colours, forms and gestural marks to achieve its effect

Fauvism - is an art that is characterised by strong colors and fierce brushwork

Painting - -common art form that contemporary artists create.

Installation - three dimentional works, large scale, mixed media

constructions, often designed for a specific place or for a temporary period of time.
Performance - form of acting, singing, dancing, or oral recitation of wriiten works.

digital and video art - artists use computers rather that traditional art tools or media to create their
artworks

Popular art - emphasizes passionate expression and obscure imagery

NAPOLEON V. ABUEVA (1976, Sculpture)- is hailed as the “Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture.”
Abueva made seemingly easy work out of hardwood, adobe, metal, stainless steel, cement, marble,
bronze, iron, alabaster, coral, and brass.

LARRY ALCALA (2018, Comics)- artworks were staples in the comics’ sections of magazines, newspapers,
and comic books. His most famous creations are part of a series of illustrations called Slice of Life, which
depict snippets of everyday lives of ordinary Filipinos. Barrio scenes and urban settings are common
themes of Alcala. Through humor, his works captured the idiosyncrasies of the Filipino pysche and
preserved, for generations, snippets of the Filipino way of life.

FERNANDO C. AMORSOLO- is the first National Artist of the Philippines. He was posthumously
recognized in 1972 for his portraits which showcase his impeccable mastery of the painterly style and
the manipulation of light and water. Some of his most beloved works feature countryside scenes
showcasing the colors of the Philippine sun.

BENEDICTO R. CABRERA- BenCab is one of the most sought-after painters in the Philippines today,
whose works are frequent bestsellers. His museum in Baguio city features various galleries that highlight
Philippine art as well as that of the Cordillera region, an inspiring spectacle that attracts visitors
throughout the year. Benedicto Cabrera (Ben Cab); Known as the master of Philippine Contemporary
Art, is also well-known for his nude drawings exhibited at Erotica Gallery in his very own Museum in
Baguio City.

FRANCISCO COCHING- was regarded as the “Pillar of the Philippine Komiks Industry.” He was the creator
of iconic Philippine Komiks characters such asHagibis, Pedro Penduko, and Sabas, Ang Barbero.

ABDULMARI A. IMAO- Imao is the first Filipino Muslim to receive the recognition. His expertise is
working on metal brass casting and ceramic sculpture. His themes are sometimes influenced by Islamic
culture. He is known for intricate works using the okir and sarimanok designs.

JOSE T. JOYA- José T. Joya’s most celebrated work was sold for P96 million or P112 million (including
buyer’s premium). The sale sets the record for highest price ever paid for art at a Philippine auction as
well as the world record for the most expensive Philippine modern art in the world.

FRANCISCO ARCELLANA - The pioneer in developing the lyrical prose-poetic form in Filipino literature.
Known for his short story, “The Flowers of May”

VERGILIO S. ALMARIO - a linguistic expert, artist, poet, critic, translator, editor, teacher, and cultural
manager country’s most reputable editor of the Filipino language. authored and edited the UP
Diksiyonaryong Filipino, and the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino: Manwal sa Masinop na Pagsulat.of May”

CIRILO F. BAUTISTA - was a recipient of several Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for poetry, fiction and
essay in English and Filipino, and the prestigious Philippines Free Press Awards for Fiction. Some of his
most notable works are “Boneyard Breaking,” “The Archipelago,” “Telex Moon,” and “Summer Suns”.
NESTOR VICENTE MANDALI GONZALES - master of short stories, produced timeless pieces such as “Look,
Stranger, on this Island Now,” “The Tomato Game,” and “The Bread of Salt.” Gonzalez’ short stories are
staples in Literature classes in high schools and universities in the Philippines.

AMADO V. HERNANDEZ - is renowned for his works that have socio- political themes, which defined
much of his genre. His writing was heavily influenced by his experiences as a guerrilla, a labor leader,
and a political prisoner.

NICK JOAQUIN - the greatest writer of Philippine Literature in English in his generation. penned classics
such as May Day Eve and The Summer Solstice, which are also some of his most important works taught
in schools nationwide. prominent works were influenced by his traumatizing experience of World War II.

F. SIONIL JOSE - Sioníl José’s writings were influenced by the works of Jose Rizal. His major works
espouse social justice and societal change. Important works include the novel, Two Filipino Women, and
the short story collection, Waywaya: Eleven Filipino Short Stories.

BIENVENIDO LUMBERA - One of the pillars of contemporary Philippine Literature (1946 to the 1970s)
Specialized in poetry and drama Tales of the Manuvu, Rama, Hari, Nasa Puso ang Amerika; Bayani, Noli
me Tangere: The Musical, and Hibik at Himagsik Nina Victoria Laktaw.

LINO BROCKA - one of the rare heavyweights in the Philippine film industry for his ability to produce
multiple masterpieces that earned international critical acclaim. landmark films of the ‘70s include
produced in the ‘70s: Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang, Maynila sa Kuko ng Liwanag, and Insiang.

LAMBERTO V. VILLENA - was a film and stage director. Some of his most notable works include Ang
Bukas ay Atin (1973), Bus to Bataan (1961), Death was a Stranger (1963), and Anak Dalita (1956).

ISHMAEL BERNAL - directed iconic films that defined Filipino pop culture in the ‘60s and ‘70s, such as
Working Girls, Tisoy, and Playboy. touched relationships and social issues with films like Manila by Night,
Aliw, Relasyon. most prominent film, however, is Himala which starred Nora Aunor. Himala gained
international critical acclaim, winning numerous awards from various circuits and film festivals around
the world.

GERARDO DE LEON - is the most awarded filmmaker in the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences
or FAMAS. He is also responsible for some of the country’s first horror flicks, which includes the 1959
Terror is a Man. Through the ‘60s, De Leon co-directed a slew of vampire flicks, including The Blood
Drinkers, Blood is the Color of the Night, Curse of the Vampires, and Brides of Blood.

EDDIE S. ROMERO - one of the country’s most influential filmmakers. Ganito Kami Noon… Paano Kayo
Ngayon? (1976). It depicted the Philippines in the 20th century when it revolted against Spain and was
about to fall under American rule. Another important Romero film is Kamakalawa, an exploration of
Philippine folklore during the pre-colonial years.

RONALD ALLAN POE Y. KELLEY- arguably the most popular action star of Philippine cinema.landed a
starring role in the movie Anak ni Palaris. Some of the most notable roles he played were in movies such
as Mga Alabok ng Lupa, Asedillo, and Durugin si Totoy Bato.
MANUEL CONDE - was responsible for giving the Philippines its first internationally acclaimed film in
1955, Genghis Khan. Then, in 1959, Conde directed Juan Tamad Goes to Congress, the very first satirical
film shown in Philippine theaters. Conde himself starred as Juan Tamad in the movie.

KIDLAT TAHIMIK - “Father of Philippine Independent Cinema.”