RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

1. What is Globalization?
2. Types of Globalization
3. Strategies to Become Effective Communicator
4. Ethics Across Cultures
5. Communication Approach to Intercultural Communication
6. Barriers to Intercultural Communication

This module talks about intercultural communication and globalization. It defines globalization and
its types, the strategies to become effective communicators, ethics across cultures, communication
approach to intercultural communication, barriers to intercultural communication, and characteristics of
intercultural communication.

Communication has since been increasingly global, blurring national boundaries. The ability to
communicate effectively in a global context and a general understanding of the differences in conducting
communication from one country to another or from one culture to another helps avoid miscommunication.

People’s beliefs and experiences influence their view of the world and the values, beliefs, and
behavior patterns assumed to be good.

Read this module thoroughly to be guided and enlightened more of the discussion. An activity is
provided at the end of this module to assess your learning.

1. Explain how cultural and global issues affect communication

2. Appreciate the impact of communication on society and the world.

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 1. WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?

Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and

governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by
information technology. This process has effects on the environment, culture, political systems, economic
development and prosperity, and human physical well-being in societies around the world.

In simple terms, globalization means the speedup of movements and exchanges (of human beings,
goods, and services, capital, technologies, or cultural practices) all over the planet. One of the effects of
globalization is that it promotes and increases interactions between different regions and populations
around the globe.
Due to globalization, the more you become exposed to diversity--- the valuing of the uniqueness of
differences in gender preference, color, age, religion, affiliation, ethnicity, education, social, economic
status, and political beliefs.

Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJ0nFD19eT8

2. TYPES OF GLOBALIZATION

1. Financial Globalization Financial globalization means the integration of financial markets of

all countries of the world into one. It is the world’s allocation of money
leading to the exchange of services and goods.

Stock markets are a great example of the financially connected

global world since when one stock market has a decline, it affects
other markets negatively as well as the economy as a whole.

2. Economic Globalization The development of trade systems within transnational actors such
as corporations or NGOs

3. Technological Refers to the spread of technologies across borders and around the
Globalization world. This includes both:
1. The spread of technological knowledge (how to create
technology)
2. The literal movement of technology around the world (trade-in
technological goods.)

4. Political Globalization It refers to the development and growing influence of international

organizations such as the UN or WHO means governmental action
takes place at an international level.

5. Cultural Globalization refers to the interpenetration of cultures which, as a consequence,

means nations adopt principles, beliefs, and costumes of other
nations, losing their unique culture to a unique, globalized
supra-culture.

6. Sociological Globalization refers to the sharing of ideas and information between and through
different countries. In today's world, the Internet and social media are
at the heart of this. Good examples of social globalization could

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 include internationally popular films, books, and TV series.

7. Ecological Globalization Accounts for the idea of considering planet Earth as a single global
entity – a common good all societies should protect since the
weather affects everyone and we are all protected by the same
atmosphere.

8. Geographical refers to the new organization and hierarchy of different regions of

Globalization the world that are constantly changing. As an example, migration to
major cities and first-world countries has increased during the period
of Globalization.

Impacts Of Globalization On Communication

1. Virtual Interaction Globalization has introduced virtual communication and collaboration.

2. Cultural Awareness Even when two people are speaking the same language, cultural
in Speech differences can affect vocabulary, colloquial expressions, voice tone, and
taboo topics.

3. Cultural Awareness Refers to the understanding of acceptable speaking distances, conflict

in Body Language styles, eye contact, and posture in different cultures, accepting that the
physical expressions of their own culture are not universally accepted.

4. Time Differences The advent of global collaboration introduces another new dynamic to
communication skills -- the need to communicate and share information
with people across several time zones.

3. STRATEGIES TO BECOME AN EFFECTIVE GLOBAL COMMUNICATOR

❖ Review communication principles.
❖ Analyze the message received.
❖ Be open to accepting other cultures
❖ Learn about cultures and apply what is learned.
❖ Consider language needs.

4. ETHICS ACROSS CULTURES (Kale, 1997)

● Ethical communicators address people of other cultures with the same respect that they would like
to receive themselves. Intercultural communicators should not demean or belittle the cultural
identity of others through verbal or non-verbal communication.
● Ethical communicators seek to describe the world as they perceive it as accurately as possible.
What is perceived to be the truth may vary from one culture to another, truth is socially constructed.
This principle means that ethical communicators do not deliberately mislead or deceive.
● Ethical communicators encourage people of other cultures to express themselves in their
uniqueness. This principle respects the right of people to express themselves regardless of how
popular or unpopular their ideas may be.
● Ethical communicators strive for identification with people of other cultures. Intercultural
communicators should emphasize the commonalities of cultural beliefs and values rather than their
differences.

5. COMMUNICATION APPROACH TO INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Intercultural communication is the exchange of information between individuals who are unalike
culturally. Being an effective communicator means interacting positively with people from various racial,

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ethnic, and cultural backgrounds.

1. Personality Strength The main personal traits that affect intercultural communication are
self-concept, self-disclosure, self-monitoring, and social relaxation.

2. Communication Skills Individuals must be competent in verbal and non-verbal behaviors.

Intercultural communication skills require message skills, behavioral
flexibility, interaction management, and social skills.

3. Psychological Effective communicators must be able to handle the feelings of “culture

Adjustment shock” such as frustration, stress, and alienation in ambiguous situations
caused by new environments.

4. Cultural Awareness Individuals must understand the social customs and the social system of
the host culture. Understanding how people think and behave is
essential for effective communication with them.

6. BARRIERS TO INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

1. Anxiety - Anxiety is usually defined as a state of the human condition

where a person has a feeling of unease and nervousness. It is
even sometimes associated with the feeling of an unrealistic
fear.

2. Assuming similarities - Sometimes people assume that two cultures are not different,
instead of differences but are similar in their nature.
- This is not always true as people from different cultures have
different preferences. The preference of a person or a group of
people does not reflect the entire culture.

3. Ethnocentrism The “US vs THEM” mentality.

- Ethnocentrism is a perception that an individual has for
someone else’s culture and heritage as being inferior to his or
her own culture and heritage.
- Ethnocentrism happens when we implicitly believe our way of
doing things and seeing things is the right and only way. As a
result, we negatively judge behaviors that don’t conform to our
world vision.
- We perceive others' behavior as odd and improper.

4. Stereotyping - To believe unfairly that all people or things with a particular

characteristic are the same.
- Individuals are unique; you can never predict a person’s
behavior based on his or her nationality.

5. Prejudice - Prejudice is another notable and important barrier to

cross-cultural communication. Prejudice refers to irrational
judgments passed on certain groups or individuals.
- It refers to a primary negative perception created by individuals
on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, cast,e or language.

6. Motivation - Motivation refers to the root of a person’s desire to foster

intercultural relationships and can be intrinsic or extrinsic
(Martin & Nakayama, 2010).
- If a person has a healthy curiosity that drives him or her toward
intercultural encounters in order to learn more about self and

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 others, then there is a foundation from which to build additional
competence-relevant attitudes and skills. This intrinsic
motivation makes intercultural communication a voluntary,
rewarding, and lifelong learning process.

7. Tolerance to ambiguity - Refers to an individual’s attitude about and level of comfort in

uncertain situations (Martin & Nakayama, 2010). Some people
perform better in uncertain situations than others, and
intercultural encounters often bring up uncertainty. Whether
communicating with someone of a different gender, race, or
nationality, we are often wondering what we should or shouldn’t
do or say.

8. Open-mindedness - An open-minded person is willing to dispassionately receive

the ideas and opinions of others.
- Open-minded people are aware of their own cultural values
and recognize that other people’s values are different.

9. Knowledge and Skill - Intercultural communication skills are those required to

communicate or share information with people from other
cultures and social groups. It also requires an understanding
that different cultures have different customs, standards, social
norms, and even thought patterns.
- Good intercultural communication skills require a willingness to
accept differences and adapt to them.
1. Passive Observation
- Watching the communication behaviors used by
members of a particular culture
- Notice how their values, rituals, and communication
styles are similar to and different from your own and
other cultures with which you are familiar.
2. Active Strategies
- Learn and read about other cultures.
- Immerse yourself in the culture. You can learn a great
deal about another culture by actively participating in it.
3. Self-disclosure
- The process of communication by which one person
reveals information about themself to another. The
information can be descriptive or evaluative and can
include thoughts, feelings, aspirations, goals, failures,
successes, fears, and dreams, as well as one's likes,
dislikes, and favorites.

DID YOU KNOW?

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Exercise 1: The Paradox of the 21st Century

Instructions: Watch and reflect on “The Myth of Globalization” by Peter Afandary with your group circle.
Use the guide questions below for your group’s discussion.

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Exercise 2: How Close is the World to You?

Instructions: Capture an image showing your connections to the rest of the world based on your daily
activities and lifestyle. Write a brief overview of the image's context and its connection to Communication
and Globalization.

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Agustin, Racquel, et.al. Communication in Multicultural Contexts: Meanings and Purposes.
Panday-Lahi Publishing, Inc. 2018

Wakat, Geraldine S. et.al., Purposive Communication. Lorimar Publishing, Inc.,2018

Article "Communication and Globalization- A Challenge for Public Policy" by Marc Raboy

“8 Types of Globalization - Ppt Download.” Slideplayer.com, slideplayer.com/slide/15024256/.

Accessed 5 Feb. 2024.

The myth of globalisation | Peter Alfandary | TEDxAix. (n.d.). Www.youtube.com.

Retrieved November 21, 2021, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUYNB4a8d2U&ab_channel=TEDxTalks

explainitychannel. “Globalization Explained (Explainity® Explainer Video).” YouTube, 11 July

2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJ0nFD19eT8.