WEATHER REPORTING PROJECT

USING AURDINO AND LCD DISPLAY

- Venkatachalam V S

Introduction:

Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict

the state of the atmosphere for a given location. Human beings have attempted to
predict the weather informally for millennium and formally since the nineteenth
century. Weather forecasts are made by collecting quantitative data about the
current state of the atmosphere on a given place and using scientific understanding
of atmospheric processes to project how the atmosphere will evolve on that place.

Weather is driven by air pressure (temperature and moisture) differences between

one place and another. These pressure and temperature differences can occur due
to the sun angle at any particular spot, which varies by latitude from the tropics.
The atmosphere is a chaotic system, so small changes to one part of the system can
grow to have large effects on the system as a whole. This makes it difficult to
accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance, though weather
forecasters are continually working to extend this limit through the scientific study
of weather, meteorology. It is theoretically impossible to make useful day-to- day
predictions more than about two weeks ahead, imposing an upper limit to potential
for improved prediction skill.

Once an all-human endeavor based mainly upon changes in barometric pressure,

current weather conditions, and sky condition, weather forecasting now relies on

1
computer-based models that take many atmospheric factors into account. Human
input is still required to pick the best possible forecast model to base the forecast
upon, which involves pattern recognition skills, tele-connections, knowledge of
model performance, and knowledge of model biases.

Materials Required:

Hardware Components:

1. Bolt Wi-Fi Module with ESP8266-12S

2. Arduino UNO

3. DH11 Temperature Sensor:

2
 4. LM35 Sensor:

5. Breadboard:

6. LCD Display:

Problem Statement:

3
 The Problem found in most weather Stations recently all the weather
Stations Consists of their Own Data Centre to Access and send the information to
Display devices. Each and every data centre needs crores to build their own data
centre in the particular place. IoT Based Weather System acts as Weather Station
and it update the Data Centre in Cloud. So, by using IoT Based Weather
monitoring System we can solve the cost of equipment problem and also, we can
also access the information remotely through internet Devices and Websites.

The weather monitoring system provides only the present condition of a particular
field which will not provide the exact condition of the particular city or particular
place. The main problems in ordinary method were that devices are very much
expensive and don’t have that much data measuring accuracy. In case of any
divergent there is no such device to give the alert signal about current situation
hence it’s very hard to control that kind of abnormality.

The existing weather monitoring systems normally use weather stations that use
various kind of instruments such as thermometers, barometers, wind vanes, gauge
etc. to measure weather and climate changes. Most of these used instruments use
simple analog technology which is later physically recorded and stored in a data
base. This information is later forward to news reporting stations and various
stations where the weather report is given.

Objective:

The main objective of this project is to originate electronic device or

network that can capture and restore temperature and humidity and after that send
data to the cloud or website for its analysis.

4
Here we can use the Arduino Uno as a microcontroller for the simple brain of the
system. When we use the Arduino as a microcontroller, we need a Wi-Fi module to
establish your Internet connection. And the DHT sensor, which (digital humidity
sensor) can detect differences in temperature, humidity and humidity at a certain
location, must be integrated into the system. The sensor continuously monitors
temperature changes and sends data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller
transfers the data for its storage and visualization to cloud.

We can also use IOT platforms such as Think Speak IoT to collect data into the
cloud for analysis. This system can then be customized to create good animations
such as tweets or phone calls, or turn on a device when the temperature/humidity
or other parameters are below a certain threshold.

Block Diagram:

The most basic step for the formation of the monitoring system is to deduce
a block diagram for the system on which all further actions are performed.

5
Circuit Diagram:

6
Proposed System:

The system proposed is an advanced solution for weather monitoring that uses IoT
to make its real time data easily accessible over a very wide range. The system
deals with monitoring weather and climate changes like

1. Temperature, humidity by using the DHT11 sensor

2. Wind speed using an Anemometer
3. Light intensity using an LDR
4. UV radiation using a GY8511 solar sensor
5. Carbon monoxide levels in the air using MQ7
6. Soil moisture using Hygrometer
7. Ultrasonic sensor for rain water level

7
 8. Raindrop sensor for detecting rainfall or snow fall.

Goals:

Weather monitoring offers different kind of measurements to provide

various important information about temperature, soil, some of them are:

1. Air and soil temperature

2. Humidity
3. Moisture
4. Rainfall level
5. Wind speed
6. Evapotranspiration
7. Air pollution

Architecture Design:

The architecture of the weather monitoring system can be illustrated. The

Arduino micro-controller is the main component that is centrally connected to all
the components. The sensors are connected to the analog input of the Arduino
micro-controller. The Arduino is also connected to the 16x2 LCD and the PC.
These are the outputs from the Arduino. The LCD is connected to the digital pins
D5- D2 and RS and E pin are connected to 12 and 11 pins respectively. And the
back-light control is connected to digital pin 13. The rest other pins are connected
to the GND.

Working:

Step 1. Connecting the Arduino device with the computer using a USB.

8
Step 2. Writing the code in the preferred language.

Step 3. Selecting the port from the list of ports.

9
Step 4. Uploading the code over to the Arduino UNO microcontroller.

10
Performance Analysis:

We have designed all the modules as well as each and every component
were assembled. The main thing that is testing of each module carried out
successfully. The readings of every sensor were effectively retrieved in an easy
environment and stored in files. The files updated automatically to cloud. Then we
plot Graphical charts using the data which provide a nice analytical pattern of
weather based on readings of sensors. In this way the phase of testing completed.
This carries out in a very disciplined manner. So, we have to conduct some more
same kind of experiments to real weather conditions.

In this modern time, we are highly dependent on growing technology.

Our project uses microcontroller (Arduino UNO), WIFI module and different
sensors i.e. DHT11, light sensor etc. The system was at the first time when
different sensors were mounted over to the Arduino Uno and breadboard. The code
upload time was also comparatively higher at the beginning than in the last phases.

DHT humidity sensors good in passing signals.

Conclusions and Future Scope:

This concludes that the present work was a success and it will provide a
competent method for recording real time weather readings and help farmers
whose livelihood depends on the weather in a country like India to produce better
quality crops. It can be used to gather information about the requirements for each
area over the years. The gathered information is used to determine the optimal
conditions for plants to grow and the farmer can modify the environment suitable

11
for the growth of the plant. This, in turn will have a huge impact on agriculture and
also on farmers throughout the world. Limitations of the weather system is
mentioned below.,

• This system is developed for Small area.

• It is not web-based system.

In future, sensors to analyze air quality using gas detectors could be included and a
web interface or service to feed the data directly to Internet could also be built.

12