13. Phalanges- bones of the toes.

14. Femur- supports the upper leg

1. Skull
2. Atlas – 1st vertebra. enables the head to move
up and down but not side to side.
3. Vertebral column- also called backbone.
contains 9 vertebrae. Supports trunk, solid path
for the transmission of thrust from the limbs
when jumping.
4. Sacral vertebra- 9th vertebra. A bone below
the last vertebra, positioned between the hips.
5. Urostyle- support the pelvic girdle and
provide stability during jumping and swimming.
6. Scapula- provides attachment points for
muscles involved in forelimb movement and
supports the shoulder joint during locomotion.
7. Ilium- elongated bone. used for the final
stage of digestion and helps them to absorb
nutrients that weren't absorbed by the small
intestine.
8. Ischium- large fan-shaped pair of bones, DORSAL VIEW
posterior to the ilium.
9. Humerus- transmits forces to the pectoral
girdle during landing after a jump.
10. Radio-ulna- A forelimb bone. fused together
along their entire length and form the bone of
antebrachium region.
11. Carpals- wrist bones. Contains 6 carpals.
12. Metacarpals- form and support the hand of
frog.
VENTRAL VIEW VERTEBRAL COLUMN

 Episternum is the upper part of the

sternum.
 Omosternum -is in between the
episternum and clavicle on a frog.
 Clavicle -is essentially a frog’s
collarbone. It is in between the
shoulder and sternum.
 Humerus- is the first bone in the front
leg of a frog. It runs between the
shoulder and elbow.
 Xiphisternum is the lowest piece of the
sternum.
 Illium- A bone forming the upper part
of the pelvis.
 Urostyle – Formed from fused
vertebrae at the base of the backbone.
 Acetabulum – A socket of a frog’s hip,
in which the femur bone fits.
 Ischium – A curved bone at the base of HINDLIMB
the pelvis.

FORELIMB