Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department (JHOD)

Japan Coast Guard

災害の影響
Disaster often prevent the smooth
maritime activity, as it cause many
drifting obstacle or it made traffic route
blocked and so on
13m
danger

30m
15m
Today’ｓ menu

JHOD’s operation against the

１．Maritime Accident
２．Maritime Investigation
３．Heavy Rain and Mudflow
４．TSUNAMI
１. Maritime
Accident
Emergency survey after Maritime Accident
▪ JCG often conduct emergency survey
after maritime accident to found the
sunken ship.
▪ Fisrt of all, to rescue the crew of the
ship. As JHOD is belong to Coast
Guard, the rescue department
request us to do
▪ the other reason is to release
navigational warning as I show on
first slide.
 1925, 12th Feb
8 shinyu, a barge for
construction sunk in the
Tokyo West Passage.

Sunken Place

Tokyo West
Passage(-16m)

Haneda
Airpot
2230, 12th Feb
Harbor master allowed to
pass this passage for the
ship its draft less than 8m
0140-16--, 13th Feb
Based on Harbormaster request, JHOD conducted survey in the passage.
Then finally, JHOD found the ship.
Then restriction was released.
サイドスキャンソナー記録
Location
３５°３５′ ４．９″N
１３９°４７′４１．８″E

Sonar record

約8.9m
3.5m

約2.3m
 不時着・発見位置
サイドスキャンソナーの画像

不時着機体と同型の機体
 水深約115m

沈没した観光船「KAZUⅠ」

全長 約１２m、全幅 約４m
■航路標識の捜索

通航船が航路標識と衝突し、標識上
部が脱落する事故が発生。
測量船により付近の捜索を開始し、
（拡大）
元の位置から約160m離れた海底に
脱落部を発見。

約１６０ｍ
引揚げられた脱落部
２. Maritime
Investigation
■和歌山湯浅湾における不法投棄廃船の捜索

水深 約15ｍ

引き揚げられた該船
■建築廃材等不法投棄事案

このようなタイプの船が航行中に少しずつ
投棄した可能性がある
海底の様子

周囲の海底と異質の物質が
海底に存在することが判る
約１５ｍ

約１０ｍ
３. Mudflow
Around 1000 debris flow and landslide were caused by this heavy rain)
The quarter of landslide are concentrated on Kumamoto Prefecturue

9
 Kuma river in Kumamoto
Yatsushiro Prefecture flow in the
Hitoyoshi basin where
Port many debris flow and
landslide occurred so
that the river bring huge
mud to it’s river mouth
and Yatsushiro Sea.

The maximum depth of

the birth is 14m.
The depth of Outside the
port is under 10m.
The 12m depth route is
dredged in the shallow
arer

9
The pictures of 4th July 2020

9
During this flood”urgent depth Survey” also conducted after natural
disaster not for provisional port open, but for depth change check
During this
disaster, land
slide occurred in
the upper Kuma
river basin.

Kuma river bring

a huge mud into
Yatushiro Sea.

9
 Survey conducted 5th-13th July

Shallow area
Port Authority conducted “urgent depth survey” in the Yatsushiro port then
found some area became shallow by the mudflow in red circle in the upper map.

Then they imposed the restriction to use the route and quay of Yatsushiro Port. 9
４. TSUNAMI
 Kamaishi, Iwate

Kamaishi

Tokyo
押し寄せた津波が引いていく様子（引き波）
パナマ籍貨物船
（ ４,７２４トン） 釜石港
 Emergency
▪ Navigational warning
▪ Drift Trajectory Prediction
▪ Hydrographic surveys
 Reconstruction and Analyse
▪ Seafloor geodetic observation
▪ Revision of nautical charts
 Remaining problem
▪ The “Rebound”
 Emergency actions
▪ Navigational warning
▪ Drift Trajectory Prediction
▪ Hydrographic surveys
 Emergency actions
▪ Navigational warning
Navigational Warnings
(Text-base)

Visualization of navigational warnings

✓ Web-GIS launched by JHOD in 2014.
✓ Critical areas can be seen for multiple
navigational warnings on a map.
 Emergency actions
▪ Navigational warning
▪ Drift Trajectory Prediction
▪ Hydrographic surveys
major cities
along the coast

 geographical condition of
devastated areas
▪ spotted along the long east
coast
▪ failures of on-land transports

isolated
Sendai

needs for delivery of

relief supplies by sea

Tokyo
HL01 Shoyo HL03 Meiyo

GTN: 3,000 t GTN: 550 t

Completed: 1998 Completed: 1990

HL02 Takuyo HL04 Tenyo

GTN: 430 t
Sendai Completed: 1986
GTN: 2,400 t
Completed: 1983 HL05 Kaiyo

GTN: 550 t
Completed: 1993

Tokyo
 HL01 Shoyo HL03 Meiyo

HL02 Takuyo HL04 Tenyo

Sendai

HL05 Kaiyo

>1500 km southwesterly
away from Tokyo departed within 24 hours.
Tokyo

departed on 14 March
 Port control – Coast Guard Offices
▪ to prohibit / permit entrance to the port
according to the water way clearance
 Removal of debris and obstacles
– Port authorities / MLIT*
– the local governments

 Hydrographic survey
– JHOD and the local governments
 Data assessments – JOHD
＊MLIT : Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and tourism
 damaged quay

Drifting house
boat
Ofunato
Kesennuma

@Ofunato @Kesennuma
Used instruments
◼Side scan and interferomeric sonar
SYSTEM 3000, SYSTEM3900, CM2, C3D
◼Multibeam echo sounder
(onboard craft) SEABAT8125
Tokyo
(mother vessel) SEABEAM1180, EM710S, EM302, SEABEAM2112
◼Single-beam echo sounder
(onboard craft) PDR-601, PDR-8000
 36-55-24.2 N
140-52-10.7 E
Height 2.4 m
Depth 6.0 m

Onahama Port

SeaBat 8125

Onahama

Tokyo
 Soma Port, Fukushima

Crane
Collapsed quay Fallen crane from the quay

Rubbles Soma

Collapsed

Collapsed quay Tokyo

 Sendai Port ( Tide correction is not applied yet )

Depth 11.3m
Relative height 2.0m
Depth 9.4m
Relative height 1.5m

Obstruction
Sendai

clearing operation
Plotting the detected sea-bottom
obstructions on a nautical chart
Informing the results
to the port authority Tokyo

Find them and clear a channel

fishing net
Divers from Maritime Self-Defense Forces
(to remove tangled nets and ropes)
@Shiogama
 March 15, 2011
Port of Kamaishi Navigable Area Map
Quay

Initial target
• One Quay
500 m • Oneservice
Hydrographic Route to it
vessel
Kaiyo port
for each
 (Date of re-open)

Hachinohe 19 Mar.

Kuji 20 Mar.

Miyako 17 Mar.
Kamaishi 15 Mar.
Ofunato
Kesennuma 22 Mar.
26 Mar.
Shiogama
Sendai
21 Mar.
Soma 18 Mar.
19 Mar.

Onahama 19 Mar.
 Kamaishi

Sendai
South North

670 m 300 m 990 m

-19 m

basal part
-63 m basement
N
The breakwater was BROKEN by WATER!!
 Breakwater
(submerged)
-19 m
-30 m

caisson

water depth: -35 m.

 Emergency actions
▪ Navigational warning
▪ Drift trajectory prediction
▪ Hydrographic surveys

 Secondary actions
▪ Revision of nautical charts
Establish chart datum levels Carry out bathymetric surveys
Bench mark
Determine
a difference

Tide gauge

Analyze survey data Compile and publish new edition charts

Experience of the 2011 disaster
• CDL were lost because many tide stations or BMs were
destroyed or missed, but
• CDL re-determination based on tide observation for the
initial obstruction survey was not practical at the time of
disaster in light of the quickness required, then
• We had to re-survey the same areas for chart revision.

Geodetic survey project to determine

ellipsoidal height of CDLs
 GNSS satellite CDL height from BM
Tide observation
GNSS
antenna for 1 month
Bench Mark (BM)

GNSS survey
Sea Surface
for 6 hours
CDL height
from new BM
Ellipsoidal Char Datum Level(CDL)
height of BM

Ellipsoidal height new chart depth

speedy sounding
of CDL (ordinary time)
data acquisition

Ellipsoid
 HL04 Tenyo
Shiogama ~0.5 m deeper

Sendai SEABEAM 1180

onboard craft

~2 m deeper
SEABAT 8125
 (from September)
Port of Sendai-Shiogama (Shiogama Section)

Zone of Confidence Diagram

Assessed.
Survey after the earthquake

U Unassessed.
Survey before the earthquake
◼ September 2012 (1.5 year after the quake)
→ Important area of major ports
◼ October 2015 (4.5 year after the quake)
→ Entire area of major ports
◼ February 2017 (6 year after the quake)
→ All ports
 Emergency actions
▪ Navigational warning
▪ Drift trajectory prediction
▪ Hydrographic surveys
 Secondary actions
▪ Seafloor geodetic observation
▪ Revision of nautical charts
 Remaining Problem
▪ The “Rebound”
Time series of vertical crustal movement
March 11, 2011

Subsidence

Ishinomaki ~30 cm
uplift

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

CDL: 06/2015
Uplift

Soma ~15 cm
uplift

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Data: GNSS network “GEONET” (by GSI) Period: 12 Mar. 2011 to Aug. 2016
 Shiogama

Risk to safety
Real depth << Chart depth
navigation

Post-seismic movement is anticipated

Vertical Displacement (12 Mar. 2011 – 28 Apr. 2015)
to continue for further several years.
⚫Uniform correction to the soundings
May-Aug. 2012
(CDL2013)
CDL Revision

Test Survey Apr.-July 2011

(CDL2011)

Sep.-Nov. 2011 July 2013

Depth correction (CDL2011) (CDL2013)
CDL:
applied to existing chart datum level May-Aug. 2012
sounding data in 2013. (CDL2013)
(from CDL2011 to 58
CDL2013)
Test survey in July 2013 (Shiogama port)
Vertical
Current Situation on CDL Revision
Shiogama

down <=> up
Sendai

CDL2016

CDL2013
down <=> up CDL2011 14cm

14cm

Data: GNSS network “GEONET” (by GSI)

Thank you for your kind attention!