Sets

Objectives
• define a set
• identify parts of a set
• classify a well-defined and not well-defined set
• identify different set notations
• recognize the differences of each individual
• cite examples of well-defined and not well-
defined sets
• explain the difference between well-defined and
not well-defined sets
We Belong!
Are you a member?
• Set of students who are honest.
• Set of students who are 11 years old.
• Set of students who are in favor Terror Bill
• Set of students who are attending online
classes.
Words of Wisdom
“It is not our differences that
divide us. It is our inability to
recognize, accept and celebrate
those differences.”
Lesson
Proper
What is Set?
Set is a collection of distinct
objects, considered as an object
in its own right.
What is Set?
Examples:
𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … }
Set of counting numbers

𝐵 = 1,3,5,7,9
Set of odd numbers less than 10

Remember:
Use a CAPITAL LETTER in denoting a set.
 What is Set?
Set of counting numbers
𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … }
Comma Braces
Elements Ellipsis
 What is Set?
Set of counting numbers
𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … }

Element is/are the member/s of

the sets or the object/s that is
included in a set.
 What is Set?
Set of counting numbers
𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … }

Ellipsis – the symbols used to

denote that there are still other
elements included in the set.
 What is Set?
Set of counting numbers
𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … }

Comma – is used to separate one

element from another.
 What is Set?
Set of counting numbers
𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … }

Braces – is used to denote a set

and enclose all the elements
contained in the set.
Set Membership
• A certain object is only a member of a set if
and only if the object is an element of the
set.

• We use the symbol ∈ to denote set

membership.
Set Membership
𝐿 = 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, …

2 ∈ 𝐿; since 2 is an element of set L

15 ∉ 𝐿; since 15 is not an element of L
Sets can be …
1. Well-defined
A set is well-defined if there is no
ambiguity as to whether or not an
object belongs to it; a set is defined
so that we can always tell what is and
what is not a member of the set.
Sets can be …
1. Not Well-defined
A set is not well-defined if there is
ambiguity as to whether or not an
object belongs to it;
a set is not well defined because the
members is not properly recognized
Well-defined Sets
• The set of all the Grade Eight students in
Hope Christian High School is a WELL
DEFINED SET.
• The set of all the Mathematics Teacher in
Hope Christian High School is a WELL
DEFINED SET.
• The set of all the largest number is a NOT
WELL DEFINED SET.
Well or Not?
• Set of primary colors.
• Set of even numbers.
• Set of grade 8 sections in HCHS.
• Set of counting numbers greater than 8.
Naming Sets
1. Roster Notation or Listing Method
This method describes a set by listing each
element of the set inside the symbol { }.
Example:
𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4}
𝐵 = {𝑝, ℎ, 𝑖, 𝑙, 𝑛, 𝑒, 𝑠}
𝐶 = {5, 10, 15, … }
𝐷 = {𝑚, 𝑒, 𝑎, 𝑛}
Naming Sets
2. Verbal Description Method

Example:
𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Verbal: Set A is the set of counting numbers
from 1 to 4
𝐵 = {𝑝, ℎ, 𝑖, 𝑙, 𝑛, 𝑒, 𝑠}
Verbal: Set B is the set of letters in the word
Philippines
Naming Sets
2. Verbal Description Method

Example:
𝐶 = {5, 10, 15, … }
𝐷 = {𝑚, 𝑒, 𝑎, 𝑛}
Naming Sets
3. Rule Method or Set Builder Notation
This method lists the rule that determine
whether an object is an element of the set or
not.
Example:
𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Rule:
𝐴 = {𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 1 𝑡𝑜 4}
Naming Sets
3. Rule Method or Set Builder Notation
This method lists the rule that determine
whether an object is an element of the set or
not.
Example:
𝐵 = {𝑝, ℎ, 𝑖, 𝑙, 𝑛, 𝑒, 𝑠}
Rule:
𝐵 = {𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝑃ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠}
Naming Sets
3. Rule Method or Set Builder Notation
This method lists the rule that determine
whether an object is an element of the set or
not.
Example:
𝐶 = {5, 10, 15, … }
𝐷 = {𝑚, 𝑒, 𝑎, 𝑛}
Finite Set
A set is said to be a finite set if
the process of counting of
elements comes to an end
(countable) and infinite if
unlimited(uncountable).
Finite Set
The set of all persons in the
Philippines.
or
M = {0, 1, 2, … }
Exercises
Exercises
Tell whether the following sets is well-
defined or not well defined. Write W if it is
well defined. Otherwise, write N
___1. The set of capital cities in the world
___2. The set of excellent singers
___3. The set of days in a week
___4. The set of great artist in the world.
___5. The set of books in the Philippine
national library
Exercises
Tell whether the following sets is well-
defined or not well defined. Write W if it is
well defined. Otherwise, write N
___6. A set of months in a year
___7. A set of students
___8. A set of animals in a zoo
___9. A set of primary colors
___10. A set of even numbers
Thank you!