Pw100 Borescope - Recurrent and Hightlight

PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
MANUAL PART NO. 3037332
ENGINE - INSPECTION/CHECK
1. General
A. The instructions in this section outline details necessary to perform routine, hot section
component, unscheduled and borescope inspections.
NOTE: Use engine oil (PWC03-001) for general lubrication, unless stated otherwise.
2. Consumable Materials
The consumable materials listed below are referred to in this section. For more data, refer to
the CONSUMABLE MATERIALS section at the beginning of this manual.
WARNING: READ THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS BEFORE YOU USE THESE
MATERIALS. SOME MATERIALS CAN BE DANGEROUS.
Item No. Name
PWC03-001 Oil, Engine
PWC05-042 Lens Cleaner
PWC05-043 Lens Tissue
PWC05-061 Cloth, Abrasive,
(Coated, Crocus)
PWC05-100 Stone, Abrasive, Flexible
PWC05-101 Cloth, Abrasive (320 grit)
3. Special Tools
Special tools are identified in procedural text by part number in parentheses.
Tool No. Name

PWC30128-15 Puller
PWC34910-101 Borescope Assembly
PWC34910-800 Guide Tube, Fuel Nozzle port
PWC34910-802 Guide Tube, T6 port
PWC34910-804 Guide Tube, Igniter Port
PWC34913 Holding Fixture
PWC34939 Pusher
PWC34960-201 Camera (optional) (Consists of an Olympus OM-2 Camera
incorporating a 50 mm f:1.8 lens and a 1-9 focusing screen)
PWC37651 Puller
4. Fixtures, Equipment and Supplier Tools
The fixtures, equipment and supplier tools listed below are referred to in procedural text.
Name
Fiberscope FBA 4-90T
P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

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ENGINE - INSPECTION/CHECK Sep 03/2010
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Name
Magnet
Square-drive Socket Extension, 3/8 in. (9.5 mm)
Swiss File
5. Periodic Inspection
Refer to (Chapter 05-20-00, SCHEDULED INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE INTERVALS).
6. Rotor Components - Service Life
Certain rotating components are subject to low cycle fatigue due to cyclic operation of the
engine. The number of cycles at which the affected components must be replaced is specified
in AIRWORTHINESS LIMITATIONS.
7. Engines with Defects Outside Specified Limits
Engines with defects outside specified limits (e.g. damaged impellers) may be returned to
service providing the prior approval and substantiation data is obtained from the P&WC Design
Approval Appointee (DAA). (Copies of the substantiation documentation will be supplied to
Transport Canada.) The local airworthiness authority must be informed of the P&WC
recommendation.
Operators must supply all relevant details of the defect to:
Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp.

1000 Marie Victorin Blvd.
Longueuil, Quebec
Canada J4G 1A1
Attention: Customer Support
Customer Help Desk (24-hour service)
US and Canada: 1-800-268-8000
International: (IAC)-8000-268-8000
Other: 1-450-647-8000
Fax: 1-450-647-2888

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8. Low Pressure and High Pressure Impellers - Foreign Object Damage
A. LP Impeller
(1) Visually inspect impeller for dents and nicks (Ref. Fig. 601 and Table 601).
NOTE: 1. If any FOD has caused the engine to become prone to engine surges or
causes unusual compressor whining, the engine must be removed
immediately.
NOTE: 2. An investigation must be carried out, when damaged impellers are found,
to determine the source of damage and whether the intake bypass
system has been operated correctly. P&WC recommends inspection of
the HP impeller when a damaged LP impeller is found.
NOTE: 3. Precautions must be taken to ensure further damage does not occur.
NOTE: 4. Inspection of the LP impeller may be carried out by a qualified technician

using a suitable light source and viewing the impeller through the air
intake duct. Use of a borescope (Ref. Para. 9.) is optional.
(2) Tools and Materials Required
v Swiss file
v Abrasive cloth (PWC05-101)
v Crocus cloth (PWC05-061)
v Abrasive stone (PWC05-100)
(3) Blending Procedure
CAUTION: INSPECT HP IMPELLER BEFORE REWORKING DAMAGED LP

IMPELLER TO DETERMINE IF ENGINE REPLACEMENT IS
REQUIRED.
CAUTION: DO NOT USE POWER TOOLS.
(a) The length and number of blends per vane are not restricted, except in Area
Cc where only one blend is allowed, providing the blends conform with the
following requirements:
1 When the distance between the blended area and vane tip is less than 2
times depth, blend up to tip (Ref. View D).
2 Leading edge tip damage - cut triangularly (Ref. View E).
3 In Area Cc, the minimum blend radius is 0.15 in. (3.81 mm).
4 Radius at the edges of a blend must be 0.03 in. (0.76 mm) minimum (Ref.
Detail F).

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5 In Areas Ca and Cb, the minimum blend Length G must be at least 2 times
Depth H. The recommended length is 3 times Depth H (Ref. Detail F).

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C
A E 0.150 IN.
(3.81 mm)
MINIMUM
RADIUS
K
NOT ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE
AREA Cc & H − BLEND LIMITS
A
C
0.030 IN. MIN
(0.76 mm.)
0.125 IN. Cb
(3.18 mm)
(ONLY) 0.030 IN. MIN
(0.76 mm.)
0.250 IN. MAX
1 IN. (6.35 mm)
(25.4 mm)
AREA K VIEW D
BENT AEROFOIL TIP
A
E .
0.250 IN. MAX
(6.35 mm)
D 0.030 IN. MIN
(0.76 mm.)
Cb E .
AS REQUIRED
(AREA Cb ONLY)
1 IN.
(25.4 mm) Ca
0.125 IN. 0.030 IN. MIN
(3.17 mm) (0.76 mm.)
Cc H
SECTION C−C VIEW E
C30221C
LP Impeller - Inspection (Full and Splitter Vanes)
Figure 601 (Sheet 1 of 3)

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0.030 IN
(MIN)
(0.76 mm) H1
G K
H
H2
0.030 IN
(MIN)
(0.76 mm)
ACCEPTABLE
BLEND SHAPE DISTANCE BETWEEN ADJACENT BLENDS
DETAIL F DETAIL J
H1
K
H2
DISTANCE BETWEEN ADJACENT BLENDS MERGED BLENDS

NOT ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE
DETAIL J
AREA Ca & Cb − BLEND LIMITS
C33529

Figure 601 (Sheet 2)

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Airfoil Tip - Bent Damage (Typical) C100507A


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TABLE 601, LP Impeller Inspection (Full and Splitter Vanes)
Area Area Name Inspection Limits

Ca Inner Leading Edge Nicks or dents 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) deep
(extends 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) Max. and 0.060 in. (1.52 mm) long Max.
from root radius) are serviceable.
Blend repair nicks or dents more than
0.030 in. (0.76 mm) deep and 0.060 in.
(1.52 mm) long, to a maximum depth
0.200 in. (5.10 mm). (Ref. Notes 2 and 3).
Cb Outer leading edge and blade tip Nicks or dents 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) deep
(extends from Ca to vane tip) Max. and 0.060 in. (1.52 mm) long Max.
are serviceable.
0.030 in. (0.76 mm) deep and 0.060 in.
(1.52 mm) long, to a maximum depth
0.250 in. (6.35 mm).
(Ref. Notes 2 and 3).
Nicks or dents 0.118 in. (3.00 mm) deep
Max. and 0.325 in. (8.25 mm) long Max.
are serviceable with shorter inspection
intervals until blend repair is possible (Ref
Note 5).
Bent LP impeller airfoil tips (1.000 X
0.125 in. max) can be repaired by cutting
blade tip triangularly. (Ref view E and Para.
(4) and Note 3).
Cc Leading edge root radius Blend repair nicks or dents 0.030 in.
(at leading edge) (0.76 mm) deep Max. and 0.060 in.
(1.52 mm) long Max., to a maximum depth
of 0.040 in.
Replace the impeller if nicks or dents are
more than 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) deep
and 0.060 in. (1.52 mm) long.
A Vane tip Nicks or dents 0.063 in. (1.60 mm) deep
Max. and 0.125 in. (3.17 mm) long Max.
are serviceable.
Replace the impeller if nicks or dents are
more than 0.063 in. (1.60 mm) deep
and 0.125 in. (3.17 mm).
E Vane sides Nicks or dents 0.004 in. (0.10 mm) deep
(suction/pressure) Max. are serviceable.
0.004 in. (0.10 mm) deep, to a maximum
depth 0.006 in. (0.15 mm) and 0.025 in.
(0.63 mm) long.

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TABLE 601, LP Impeller Inspection (Full and Splitter Vanes) (Cont’d)
Area Area Name Inspection Limits

H Root radius Nicks or dents 0.002 in. (0.05 mm) deep
(away from leading edge) Max. are serviceable.
0.002 in. (0.05 mm) deep, to a maximum
depth 0.003 in. (0.07 mm) and 0.010 in.
(0.25 mm) long.
NOTE: 1. Except for FOD damage causing engine surge or unusual

whining noise where the engine has to be removed immediately,
allowable blend repairs (Ref. Table 601) for nicks and dents
can be performed within 25 FH following the identification of the
LP impeller defect.
NOTE: 2. A dent is surface damage without sharp edges. A nick is surface

damage with sharp edges.
NOTE: 3. Nicks or dents must be blended if raised material or tears are

present.
NOTE: 4. Serviceable and blend repaired nicks or dents must be

monitored, by visual inspection or by using a borescope, every
routine periodic inspection for the presence of or beginning of a
crack. Cracks are not acceptable.
NOTE: 5. Serviceable and blend repaired nicks or dents must be

monitored, by visual inspection or by using a boroscope, every
200 hours for the presence of or beginning of a crack. Cracks are
not acceptable.
6 When the distance between the deepest points in two adjacent blended
areas is less than 3 times depth (H2) of the deepest blend, the blends
should be merged (Ref. Detail J).
7 Rework along and parallel to leading edge, when finish blending.
8 Break sharp edges 0.003 to 0.015 in. (0.070-0.380 mm) after rework.
9 No tool marks or grooves are permitted after rework.
10 Round bottom of blend.
11 To ensure the amount of rotor unbalance is minimized, after rework,

multiply depth of the blended area(s) with the length(s) (Ref. Note). If the
result is more than 0.045 sq. in. (29.032 sq. mm), the opposite vane
must be reworked to incorporate blended area(s) having similar shape(s)
and position(s).
NOTE: For triangular cuts, multiply length by depth and divide by 2.

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(i.e. length x depth / 2).
(4) Bent airfoil tip repair (Ref. Fig 601, Area K):
(a) Bent airfoil tip can be cut triangularly provided that:
1 Engine generating unusual noises (whining) as a result of a bent airfoil tip

can be repaired and returned to service only if the noise is confirmed to
have disappeared following repair of the airfoil per procedure below.
2 There are no more than two bent airfoil tips on the LP compressor.
3 A visual inspection using 10X magnification glass or a borescope is

performed to ensure that there is no crack in the area of the bent airfoil.
Cracks are not acceptable.
4 Cut the damage airfoil triangularly in accordance with view E on (Ref. Fig
601).
5 Cut the airfoil opposite to the damaged airfoil in the same way to minimize
the impact on the LPC balancing if the amount of material removed is more
than 0.045 sq-in.
6 Following the airfoil repair, carry out an engine power assurance check to
confirm that the engine performance is satisfactory and that there is no
unusual noise or vibration emanating from the affected engine. Unusual noise
and/or vibration are not acceptable.
B. HP Impeller
(1) Use a borescope (Ref. Para. 9.) to do a visual inspection of the impeller for dents,
nicks, tears and/or cracks (Ref. Fig. 602).
(2) With the borescope findings, use Table 602 to identify the necessary actions based
on the type and location of damage.

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Cc
AREA
Cc C A
FULL BLADES 0.125 in. (3.17 mm) Ref. 0.900 in. (22.86 mm) Ref. 2.600 in. (66.05 mm)
SPLITTER BLADES 0.125 in. (3.17 mm) Ref. 0.650 in. (16.51 mm) Ref. 1.600 in. (40.64 mm)
C12555C
HP Impeller - Inspection (Full and Splitter Vanes)
Figure 602

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TABLE 602, HP Impeller Inspection (Full and Splitter Vanes) (Ref. Fig. 602)
AREA A (Vane tip) or

TYPE OF Area C (Leading edge, AREA Cc
DAMAGE extends from root radius) (Root radius, at leading edge)
Dent A dent less than 0.500 in. (12.7 mm) A dent less than 0.500 in. (12.7 mm)
(Ref. Fig. 603) in length is serviceable. in length that is mostly included or
No action required. partially extends into
Area Cc is serviceable.
No action required.
A dent more than 0.500 in. (12.7 mm) A dent more than 0.500 in. (12.7 mm)
in length, refer to Category 1. in length that extends into Area Cc,
refer to Category 1.
Nick A nick less than 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) A nick less than 0.020 in. (0.51 mm)
(Ref. Fig. 604) in size is serviceable. in size is serviceable.
(Ref. NOTE 1) No action required. No action required.
A nick between 0.020 to 0.120 in. A nick between 0.020 to 0.040 in.
(0.51-3.05 mm) in size, (0.51-1.02 mm)
refer to Category 1. in size, refer to Category 1.
A nick between 0.120 to 0.300 in. A nick between 0.040 to 0.080 in.
(3.05-7.62 mm) in size, (1.02-2.03 mm) in size,
refer to Category 2. refer to Category 2.
A nick more than 0.300 in. (7.62 mm) A nick more than 0.080 in. (2.03 mm)
in size, refer to Category 3. in size, refer to Category 3.
Tear A tear less than 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) A tear less than 0.020 in. (0.51 mm)
(Ref. Fig. 605) in size is serviceable. in size is serviceable.
(Ref. NOTE 1) No action required. No action required.
A tear between 0.020 to 0.120 in. A tear between 0.020 to 0.040 in.
refer to Category 1. refer to Category 1.
A tear between 0.120 to 0.300 in. A tear between 0.040 to 0.080 in.
refer to Category 2. refer to Category 2
A tear more than 0.300 in. (7.62 mm) A tear more than 0.080 in. (2.03 mm)
in size, refer to Category 3. in size, refer to Category 3.

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TABLE 602, HP Impeller Inspection (Full and Splitter Vanes) (Ref. Fig. 602) (Cont’d)
AREA A (Vane tip) or

TYPE OF Area C (Leading edge, AREA Cc
DAMAGE extends from root radius) (Root radius, at leading edge)
Crack A crack less than 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) Any crack in this Area,
(Ref. NOTE 1) in size is serviceable. refer to Category 3.
No action required.
A crack between 0.020 to 0.120 in.
(0.51-3.05 mm) in size,
A crack between 0.120 to 0.300 in.
(3.05-7.62 mm) in size,
A crack more than 0.300 in.
(7.62 mm) in size,
NOTE: 1. The term ‘‘Size’’, is used for a nick, tear or crack and is defined as the greater
dimension, either length or depth, characterizing the damage.
NOTE: 2. If any FOD has caused the engine to become prone to engine surges or causes
unusual compressor whining, the engine must be removed immediately.
Category 1:
Record the size and type of damage found. Do a subsequent borescope inspection
after 100 hours, but not later then 200 hours. If the subsequent inspection reveals no
change in the condition of the damage from the initial inspection, no more action is
required. If any crack is seen to grow in size or propagate from the damaged area, or
if material is missing since the last inspection, the engine must be scheduled for
removal in less than 10 hours.
Category 2:
Record the size and type of damage found. Do a subsequent borescope inspection
at intervals not to exceed 200 hours, up to a maximum of 1000 cycles, after which
the engine must be removed. If any crack is seen to grow in size or propagate from
the damaged area, or if material is missing since the last inspection, the engine must
be scheduled for removal in less than 10 hours.
Category 3:
The engine must be scheduled for removal in less than 10 hours.

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DENT LENGTH
C76645
HP Impeller - Example of a Dent

Figure 603

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C76646
HP Impeller - Example of a Nick
Figure 604

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C76647
HP Impeller - Example of a Tear

Figure 605

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9. Borescope Inspection
A. General
CAUTION: THE BORESCOPE IS FRAGILE AND VULNERABLE TO RADIATION,

SHOCK, TWISTING AND PINCHING. EXTREME CARE IS REQUIRED
DURING HANDLING TO ENSURE DAMAGE AND SERVICEABILITY
PROBLEMS ARE AVOIDED.
CAUTION: EXCESSIVE TWISTING OF FIBERSCOPE CAN SEVER OPTIC FIBERS.
DO NOT ROTATE FIBERSCOPE TIP BY TURNING THE EYEPIECE
ONLY. ASSIST ROTATING MOTION OF EYEPIECE WITH ONE IN SAME
DIRECTION AT PART OF FIBERSCOPE CLOSEST TO ENTRY INTO
ENGINE.
CAUTION: HEAT CAN DAMAGE THE BORESCOPE. ENGINE TEMPERATURE

MUST BE LESS THAN 66°C (150°F) BEFORE AN INSPECTION CAN BE
CARRIED OUT. THE NORMAL COOLING PERIOD IS 40 MINUTES
AFTER ENGINE SHUTDOWN. IF REQUIRED, CARRY OUT DRY
MOTORING RUNS TO ACCELERATE COOLING (Ref. AMM).
CAUTION: DO NOT SUBMERGE IN LIQUID.
(1) The borescope is used to inspect the inside of the engine. Access is through ports
or openings created by the removal of components.
NOTE: If required, a camera (PWC34960-201) may be used to photograph the

engine areas being inspected.
B. Side-viewing Adapter (Ref. Fig. 606)
(1) The side-viewing adapter is used to inspect components located at a nominal

90-degree angle to the fiberscope distal tip. A ring is installed to protect the
distal end when the side-viewing adapter is not fitted.
(2) Installation
(a) Hold the fiberscope as closely as possible to the distal end and remove the
protective ring.
CAUTION: INSTALL THE SIDE-VIEWING ADAPTER CAREFULLY. IF NOT

INSTALLED AND TIGHTENED CORRECTLY, THE ADAPTER COULD
FALL INTO THE ENGINE. OVERTIGHTENING THE ADAPTER
COULD DAMAGE THE DISTAL END.
(b) Hold the fiberscope as close as possible to the distal end. Install the adapter,
ensuring the indexing slot and lug are aligned. Torque the adapter fingertight.
(3) Removal
(a) Hold the fiberscope as close as possible to the distal end and remove the
side-viewing adapter.

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CAUTION: INSTALL THE PROTECTIVE RING CAREFULLY. IF NOT INSTALLED

AND TIGHTENED CORRECTLY, THE RING COULD FALL INTO THE
ENGINE. OVERTIGHTENING THE RING COULD DAMAGE THE
DISTAL END.
(b) Hold the fiberscope as close as possible to the distal end and install the
protective ring. Torque the ring fingertight.
C. Light Source
NOTE: Specify power requirements when purchasing borescope.
(1) A halogen lamp is used to provide lighting from either a 110V, 60-cycle or a 220V,
50-cycle power supply.
(2) Remove the top cover from the light source to replace the lamp.
(3) Set intensity knob at maximum for best results.
(4) Before installing light source, refer to manufacturer’s instructions.
D. Camera
(1) General
(a) The camera (PWC34960-201) is used with the borescope to photograph

internal engine components. It must be equipped with a 50 mm f: 1.8 lens.
(2) Installation
CAUTION: DO NOT USE COMPRESSED AIR TO CLEAN THE CAMERA,

BORESCOPE OR ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT.
(a) Clean the camera viewfinder, focusing screen and 50 mm lens with lens
cleaning tissue (PWC05-043) and lens cleaner (PWC05-042).
(b) Install the focusing screen in the camera.
(c) Install the 50 mm lens.
(d) Install the camera adapter on the lens.
(e) Load the camera with film (Ref. camera handbook).
(f) Set the camera film speed to suit the film and the exposure compensation to -2
(Ref. camera handbook).
(g) Release the knurled screw on the outer ring of the camera adapter and align
the bayonet slots with those on the inner ring.
(h) Align the bayonet slots of the adapter and install the camera on the borescope
eyepiece pins.
(i) Turn the outer ring of the adapter to lock the camera on the borescope.

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BORESCOPE DISTAL END
PROTECTIVE RING
DIRECTION OF ROTATION
FOR RING REMOVAL
RING REMOVAL
PRISM BODY
INDEXING LUG
INDEXING SLOT
BORESCOPE DISTAL END
SIDE VIEWING ADAPTER
THREADED RING
DIRECTION OF ROTATION
FOR RING REMOVAL
ADAPTER INSTALLATION
C12191
Side-viewing Adapter - Removal/Installation
Figure 606

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(j) Torque the knurled screw on the adapter fingertight.
(k) To obtain alignment, hold the eyepiece and turn the camera.
NOTE: Make sure the distal end is not moved when taking photographs.
(3) Removal
(a) Release the knurled knob on the camera adapter.
(b) Turn the outer ring of the camera adapter to align the bayonet slots and
remove the camera from the eyepiece.
(c) Remove the camera adapter from the lens.
(d) Rewind film (Ref. Camera Handbook) and remove the film from the camera
and, using a label, add the following data:
v Engine serial number.

v Date and area or component photographed.
v Engine operating time or cycles since last overhaul.
v Reason for borescope inspection (suspected foreign object damage, low
power, etc.).
E. Guide Tubes
(1) General
(a) Guide tubes are used to guide the fiberscope distal end to an intended location
inside the engine.
(2) Guide tube types
(a) There are two guide tubes:
v Flexible guide tube installed in the T6 thermocouple port.

v Rigid guide tube installed in the fuel manifold adapter port.
(3) Installation and removal
(a) Installation and removal are covered in the appropriate paragraphs.
F. Troubleshooting
(1) The possible sources of, and remedies for, problems encountered when using the
borescope are shown in Table 603.

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TABLE 603, Borescope Troubleshooting
PROBLEM POSSIBLE SOURCE REMEDY

Poor illumination Oil or dirt on distal tip or Clean using lens cleaner
side-viewing adapter prism (PWC05-042) and lens
tissue (PWC05-043).
Light source intensity Set switch at high.
switch set at low
Defective lamp in Replace lamp.
light source
Damaged borescope Return to
light tube manufacturer for
repair.
Defective transformer Return to
manufacturer for
repair.
Poor definition Diopter ring not Adjust to suit eyes.
adjusted correctly
Damaged fibers in Return to
fiberscope (seen as black dots manufacturer for
through viewer) repair.
Poor illumination See previous problem.
Flexible guide tube Damaged control wires Return to
(PWC34910-802) or fiberscope in guide tube or fiberscope manufacturer for
distal end does not move repair.
when control knobs are turned
NOTE: Repairs should be carried out only by the manufacturer.
G. Low Pressure Impeller
(1) General
(a) Borescope inspection of the low pressure impeller can be carried out using
three different access routes and without the use of a guide tube.
(2) Inspection Through the Air Intake Duct (Ref. Fig. 607)
(a) Remove the air intake duct (Ref. AMM).
(b) Clamp the holding fixture (PWC34913) to a convenient surface.
(c) Clamp the borescope eyepiece to the fixture and connect the light source.

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DIFFUSER EXIT DUCT PORT
FIBERSCOPE
REAR INLET CASE
FRONT INLET CASE
DISTAL−END
PORT IN THE REAR INLET CASE LP IMPELLER
DISTAL−END
FIBERSCOPE
DIFFUSER EXIT DUCT

FLANGE D
C32399
LP Impeller - Borescope Inspection

Figure 607

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CAUTION: WITHDRAW THE FIBERSCOPE FROM THE VICINITY OF THE

IMPELLER BEFORE THE LATTER IS ROTATED.
(d) Using the fiberscope and rotating the impeller manually, inspect for damage
(Ref. Para. 8.).
(e) Remove borescope and holding fixture.
(f) Install air intake duct (Ref. AMM).
(3) Inspection Through the Rear Inlet Case Port (Ref. Fig. 607)
(a) Remove nut (7, Fig. 608) and bolt (8).
(b) Remove bolts (1), washer (2), bracket (6), cover (3) using puller (PWC37651),
or wash nozzle (4) using puller (PWC30128-15) and packing (5). Discard
packing.
CAUTION: EXTREME CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO ENSURE FOREIGN

OBJECTS DO NOT FALL INTO THE OPEN PORTS.
(c) Remove the most accessible diffuser exit duct (Ref. 72-30-00).
(d) Clamp the holding fixture (PWC34913) to a convenient surface.
(e) Secure the borescope eyepiece to the fixture, connect the light source and
insert the fiberscope into the inspection port.
CAUTION: WITHDRAW THE FIBERSCOPE FROM THE VICINITY OF THE

IMPELLER BEFORE THE LATTER IS ROTATED.
(f) Inspect the impeller for damage (Ref. Para. 8.).
NOTE: Rotate the impeller using pusher (PWC34939) through the exit duct
port.
(g) Remove the fiberscope and holding fixture.
(h) Lubricate packing (5) with engine oil (PWC03-001) and install on cover (3) or
wash nozzle (4).
(i) Install cover or wash nozzle, washer (2), bracket (6) and bolts (1). Torque bolts
32 to 36 lb.in. (3.62-4.07 Nm).
(j) Install bolt (8) and nut (7) to secure clamp holding oil tube to bracket. Torque
nut 36 to 40 lb.in. (4.07-4.52 Nm).
(k) Install the diffuser exit duct (Ref. 72-30-00.
(4) Inspection Through the Diffuser Exit Duct Port (Ref. Fig. 607)

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1
4
1 2
6 7
C12709A
LP Impeller Borescope Inspection Port Cover/Nozzle - Removal/Installation

Figure 608

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Key to Figure 608
1. Bolt
2. Washer
3. Cover
4. Wash Nozzle
5. Packing
6. Bracket
7. Nut
8. Bolt
CAUTION: EXTREME CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO ENSURE FOREIGN

OBJECTS DO NOT FALL INTO THE OPEN PORTS.
(a) Remove the most accessible diffuser exit duct (Ref. 72-30-00).
(c) Secure the borescope eyepiece to the fixture, connect the light source and
insert the fiberscope into the exit duct port.
(d) Inspect the impeller for damage (Ref. Para. 8.).
NOTE: When necessary, remove fiberscope and rotate impeller using pusher
(PWC34939).
(e) Remove the fiberscope and holding fixture.
(f) Install the diffuser exit duct (Ref. 72-30-00).
H. High Pressure Impeller
(1) Remove the starter-generator drive cover (Ref. 72-20-00)) and install a square-drive
socket extension.
CAUTION: EXTREME CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO ENSURE FOREIGN OBJECTS

DO NOT FALL INTO THE OPEN PORTS.
(2) Remove the most accessible diffuser exit duct (Ref. 72-30-00).
(3) Clamp the holding fixture (PWC34913) to a convenient surface.
(4) Secure the borescope eyepiece to the fixture, connect the light source and insert
the fiberscope into the exit duct port (Ref. Fig. 609).

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
DIFFUSER EXIT DUCT PORT
FIBERSCOPE
LP IMPELLER
HP IMPELLER
DISTAL END
DIFFUSER EXIT DUCT
C32400
HP Impeller - Borescope Inspection

Figure 609

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CAUTION: WITHDRAW THE FIBERSCOPE FROM THE VICINITY OF THE IMPELLER

BEFORE THE LATTER IS ROTATED.
(5) Inspect the impeller for damage (Ref. Para. 8.).
NOTE: Rotate the impeller using a socket extension installed in the starter-
generator driveshaft.
(6) Remove the fiberscope and holding fixture.
(7) Install the diffuser exit duct (Ref. 72-30-00).
(8) Remove the socket extension and install the starter-generator drive cover (Ref.
72-20-00)).
I. Fuel Pump and Oil Pump Drive Bevel Gears
(1) Remove oil pump drive cover (Ref. 72-20-00).
(2) Clamp holding fixture (PWC34913) to a convenient surface.
(3) Secure borescope eyepiece to fixture, connect light source and insert fiberscope
into aperture.
(4) Inspect gear teeth for damage (Ref. Para. 11.).
NOTE: For viewing and inspecting all teeth, retract fiberscope and rotate gears
using a 3⁄8 in. (9.5 mm) square-drive socket extension installed on
starter-generator driveshaft (Ref. 72-20-00 for removal of starter-generator
drive cover) .
(5) Remove all borescope equipment and socket extension.
(6) Reinstall oil pump drive cover and starter-generator drive cover (Ref. 72-20-00).
J. Accessory Drive Bevel Gears (Towershaft)
(1) Remove accessory drive cover (Ref. 72-30-00).
into aperture.
NOTE: For viewing and inspecting all teeth, retract fiberscope and rotate gears
drive cover).

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(6) Reinstall accessory drive cover (Ref. 72-30-00) and starter-generator drive cover
(Ref. 72-20-00).
K. Starter-generator Drive Gear
(1) Remove NH sensor (Ref. 72-01-60, REMOVAL/INSTALLATION).
into aperture.
NOTE: For viewing and inspecting all teeth, retract fiberscope and rotate gears,
drive cover).
(6) Reinstall NH sensor (Ref. 72-01-60, REMOVAL/INSTALLATION) and

starter-generator cover (Ref. 72-20-00).
L. Intercompressor Case Air Plenum (Ref. Fig. 610)
(1) Remove NL pulse pickup probe (Ref. 72-01-60).
NOTE: Pre-SB21486: If more convenient, use alternate port.
(3) Insert fiberscope into NL pickup probe port, connect light source and secure
eyepiece to holding fixture.
(4) Inspect the bottom of intercompressor case air plenum for oil accumulation and
debris which, if found, must be handled as follows:
(a) HP Impeller Shroud Retaining Bolts
1 An engine may be returned to service with a maximum of three bolts

missing provided:
a The bolts and associated keywashers are removed from the engine
and;
b A borescope inspection confirms the remaining bolts are not backing

out and the missing bolts were not adjacent to one another.
c Repeat borescope inspection at next aircraft ‘‘A’’ check or 500 FH

whichever comes first to monitor the remaining bolts.
(b) Other Debris

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
VIEW A
(POST−SB21486)
A
NL SPEED
PROBE PORT
(PRE−SB21486)
NL SPEED
PROBE PORT
C21110A
Intercompressor Case Air Plenum - Borescope Inspection
Figure 610

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
1 Remove, using a magnet, and send to an approved laboratory to be

analyzed (Ref. 72-00-00, MAINTENANCE PRACTICES).
(c) Oil accumulation
1 Refer to the inspection procedure, Intercompressor Case P2.5 Cavity

Inspection (Ref. 72-01-50, OIL SYSTEM, INSPECTION/CHECK) and fault
isolation chart Oil on Flanges E and/or F (Ref. 72-00-01, ENGINE -
FAULT ISOLATION).
(5) Remove the fiberscope and holding fixture.
(6) Install NL pulse pickup probe (Ref. 72-01-60).
M. No. 5 Bearing Cavity (Ref. Fig. 611)
NOTE: Due to casting differences, access holes into No. 5 bearing cavity may vary in
size. This could require the use of a smaller borescope to enter the cavity.
(1) Remove No. 5 bearing scavenge oil tube assembly (Ref. 72-01-50).
(3) Carefully insert borescope 11.4 in. (29.0 cm) into intercompressor case (ICC) No. 5
bearing oil scavenge passage in the direction opposite to the flight direction.
NOTE: Use of a side-viewing adapter to inspect the bearing cavity is not

recommended due to the difficulties encountered locating the entrance
hole to the bearing cavity.
(4) Insert the borescope a further 2.0 in. (5.0 cm) into the scavenge passage through
the hole in the housing (Ref. View B) until one bearing roller can be clearly seen.
(5) Inspect bearing for:
v Fracture of the cage.

v Excessive cage roller pocket wear, shown by enlarged corners and raised
material adjacent to the roller side face.
v Excessive wear and scratches on end face of any roller.

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
A
B
CROWNS
0.100 IN.
(2.54 mm)
CORNER RADIUS
DEFECTIVE ROLLER
ENLARGED
WEAR ON END 0.275 IN. DIA.
ROLLER
CROWN FACE (6.985 mm)
POCKET
CORNER
WEAR AND CAGE 0.018 IN.

ROLLER (TYP.) (0.452 mm)
SCRATCHES WEIGHT
ON END FACES REDUCTION
RAISED MAT’L POCKETS (12)
SHOWS UP HERE ROLLERS (12)
WHEN ROLLERS TANG
ARE UNSTABLE GREY STEEL SILVER BEARING
AND POCKETS WEAR NO. 5 BEARING CAGE
NORMAL ROLLER HOUSING
RAISED MATERIAL
VIEW ON ARROW B THIN BRIGHT IS NORMAL VIEW ON ARROW B
WITH OUTER RACE LINE
REMOVED FOR CLARITY
C21111C
No. 5 Bearing Cavity - Borescope Inspection
Figure 611

72-00-00 Page 631
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
v Excessive wear on the crown of any roller or thin bright lines at the same axial
location on the crown of every roller.
NOTE: 1. Normal cage appearance after engine running shows no fractures, its
color is either silver, light gold, gold or oil stained and its end face may
have been machined over one segment during balancing. Also there may
be raised material (silver plate) 0.020 in. max (0.508 mm) high next to
roller pocket tang. To compare, tang is 0.050 in. (1.270 mm) high.
NOTE: 2. Normal roller appearance after engine running shows a light grey to dark
grey, light gold, gold or oil stained color. Under normal wear the end face
has a thin 0.005 to 0.025 in. (0.127-0.635 mm) bright circumferential
line at the edge, and the crown has thin bright line(s) which may
occasionally appear around the circumference of any number of rollers at
random axial locations.
NOTE: 3. To rotate the HP rotor to inspect the complete bearing, remove

starter-generator drive cover, install a 3⁄8 in. (9.5 mm) square-drive
extension and rotate the starter-generator driveshaft. Rotate the rotor in
the direction in which the rollers roll away from the tip of the
borescope.
(6) Remove the borescope and holding fixture.
(7) Install No. 5 bearing scavenge oil tube assembly (Ref. 72-01-50).
N. Combustion Chamber Liner Assembly, HP Turbine Vane Ring Segments and HP Turbine
Blades
CAUTION: ENSURE FOREIGN OBJECTS DO NOT FALL INTO THE ENGINE.

(1) Remove the fuel manifold adapters (Ref. 72-01-40) or igniters (Ref. 72-01-20).
CAUTION: ENSURE ENGINE TEMPERATURE IS BELOW 60°C (140°F).

(3) Insert the fiberscope into a fuel manifold adapter or igniter port, connect the light
source (RH-150A3) and secure the eyepiece to the holding fixture (Ref. Fig. 612).
(4) Inspect the combustion chamber liner assembly for damage (Ref. Para. 10. B.) using
different ports for complete coverage.
NOTE: The entire combustion chamber formed by the small exit duct and inner
and outer liner assemblies can be inspected through the ignitor ports and
one fuel nozzle port.

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
FIBERSCOPE FUEL MANIFOLD ADAPTER BOSS
DISTAL−END COMBUSTION CHAMBER
HP IMPELLER
HP TURBINE
C32401
Combustion Chamber Liner Assembly - Borescope Inspection
Figure 612

72-00-00 Page 633
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CAUTION: DO NOT USE FORCE WHEN INSERTING THE GUIDE TUBE.
(5) Remove fiberscope and insert guide tubes into fuel manifold or igniter ports as
follows:
NOTE: Carrying out a borescope inspection through one nozzle port using the
distal end allows a detailed inspection of the leading edges and pressure
sides of up to four consecutive segments located clockwise from the
port. If more than four consecutive vanes require inspection through one
port, a side-viewing adapter must be used. The first segment which can be
inspected is located 120 degrees clockwise from the port. All the
segments can be inspected through three approximately equally spaced
ports located at the 4, 8 and 12 o’clock positions. If any of the ports are not
accessible, use the first port located next to the recommended location.
Insert the fiberscope into the guide tube and using the distal end, examine
the leading edges and pressure sides of the four nearest vane segments.
Using a side-viewing adapter, inspect the other vane segment leading
edges. If significant defects are found, the pressure sides must also be
inspected. Record the location and extent of significant defects which
require further inspections to determine the rate of deterioration and to
ensure the inspection limits are not exceeded.
(a) Fuel manifold port
1 Insert guide tube (PWC34910-800) (Ref. Fig. 613) into port, turning it
counterclockwise until fully installed (at 270 degrees).
(b) Right (view from rear) igniter port
1 Insert guide tube (PWC34910-804) into port in an upward direction, turning

it counterclockwise until fully installed.
(c) Left (view from rear) igniter port
1 Insert guide tube (PWC34910-804) into port in a downward direction,

turning it counterclockwise until fully installed.
(6) Insert the fiberscope into the guide tube and inspect the HP turbine vane ring
segments for damage (Ref. Para. 10.). Use different fuel manifold ports to obtain
complete coverage.
(7) Remove the starter-generator drive cover (Ref. 72-20-00) and install a 3⁄8 in.
(9.5 mm) square-drive socket extension.
NOTE: Borescope inspection of the HP turbine blades should be carried out using
one fuel nozzle/igniter port and using the manual drive to rotate the HP
rotor.
(8) Insert the tip of the fiberscope between the vane ring segments and inspect the HP
turbine blades for damage.

72-00-00 Page 634
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
0.220 IN.
BORESCOPE
REF. DIM.
FIBERSCOPE
GUIDE−TUBE SUPPORT FLANGE

GUIDE−TUBE
COMBUSTION CHAMBER
DETAIL A
LP TURBINE
A
HP IMPELLER
GUIDE−TUBE OPEN TIP
DISTAL−END HP TURBINE
C32402A
HP Turbine Vane Ring Segments and Blades - Borescope Inspection
Figure 613

72-00-00 Page 635
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CAUTION: WITHDRAW THE FIBERSCOPE TIP BEFORE ROTATING THE TURBINE

ROTOR.
(9) Inspect the remaining HP turbine blades using the socket extension to rotate the
turbine rotor.
(10) Remove fiberscope, rigid guide tube and holding fixture.
CAUTION: CARRY OUT LEAK CHECK (REF. 72-01-40, ADJUSTMENT/TEST)

FOLLOWING REINSTALLATION OF FUEL MANIFOLD ADAPTERS.
(11) Install fuel manifold adapters (Ref. 72-01-40) or igniters (Ref. 72-01-20).
(12) Remove socket extension and install the starter-generator drive cover (Ref.
72-20-00).
O. LP Turbine Blades and Stator Assembly
(1) Remove the T6 thermocouples and adapters (Post-SB21319) (Ref. 72-01-60).
CAUTION: MAKE SURE ENGINE TEMPERATURE IS BELOW 66°C (150°F).

(2) Install flexible guide tube (PWC34910-802) as follows (Ref. Fig. 614):
CAUTION: TO AVOID INTERNAL DAMAGE, INSERT GUIDE TUBE SLOWLY

AND WITHOUT FORCING.
(a) Make sure guide tube flexible end is straight.
(b) Insert guide tube through T6 thermocouple threaded port, screw fingertight
(four turns minimum) and stop when arrows are parallel to engine axis.
(c) Attach with knurled sleeve.
NOTE: 1. To orient the flexible tip toward the PT (first-stage) or LP stator and
disk, turn the hand knob clockwise or counterclockwise. Pull hand
knob to lock flexible tip in position.
NOTE: 2. Fiberscope may be inserted into flexible guide tube before or after
installation of flexible guide tube.
(4) Secure borescope eyepiece to the holding fixture and connect the light source.
(5) Slowly insert fiberscope into guide tube while looking through eyepiece. Stop inserting
fiberscope as soon as distal tip passes through guide tube.
(6) Slowly rotate guide tube control knob to point fiberscope towards LP turbine blades.
After reaching stop, pull control knob out to lock guide tube into position.

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
ARROW
POSITION
ENGINE AXIS
VIEW AT A
A
FIBERSCOPE GUIDE−TUBE CONTROL KNOB
GUIDE−TUBE
COMBUSTION CHAMBER
KNURLED SLEEVE
T6 IMMERSION THERMOCOUPLE BOSS
HP IMPELLER
DISTAL−END
HP TURBINE LP TURBINE
POWER
TURBINES
C32404
LP Turbine Blades and Stator Assembly - Borescope Inspection
Figure 614

72-00-00 Page 637
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CAUTION: ENSURE FIBERSCOPE TIP IS NOT BETWEEN TURBINE BLADES

WHEN THE LATTER ARE ROTATED.
(7) Rotate the LP turbine rotor using either of the following methods:
(a) Remove most accessible diffuser exit duct (Ref. 72-30-00) and rotate LP
impeller, using pusher (PWC34939).
(b) Remove the air intake duct (Ref. AMM) and rotate the LP impeller manually.
(8) Inspect LP turbine blades for damage (Ref. Para. 10.), swivelling eyepiece to move
the distal end of the fiberscope.
CAUTION: ENSURE LP TURBINE ROTOR IS NOT TURNED WHEN LP TURBINE

STATOR ASSEMBLY IS BEING INSPECTED.
(9) Loosen guide tube knurled sleeve sufficiently to allow tube to move and facilitate
insertion of fiberscope distal end between LP turbine blades. Retighten sleeve.
(10) Push fiberscope slowly through guide tube until LP turbine stator vanes can be
inspected for damage. The following must be carried out to inspect the complete
LP stator assembly (Ref. Para. 10.):
(a) Remove the fiberscope and holding fixture.
CAUTION: ENSURE FLEXIBLE TIP IS UNLOCKED AND STRAIGHT BEFORE

CARRYING OUT ANY REMOVAL STEPS.
(b) Remove the flexible guide tube.
(c) Repeat the installation, inspection and removal procedures at the remaining T6
ports.
(11) Install the diffuser exit duct (Ref. 72-30-00) or the air intake duct (Ref. AMM).
(12) Install the T6 thermocouples and adapters (Post-SB21319) (Ref. 72-01-60).
P. Power Turbine Stator Assembly and First-stage Blades
(1) Remove the T6 thermocouples and adapters (Post-SB21319) (Ref. 72-01-60).
CAUTION: MAKE SURE ENGINE TEMPERATURE IS BELOW 66°C (150°F).

(2) Install flexible guide tube (PWC34910-802) as follows (Ref. Fig. 615):
CAUTION: TO AVOID INTERNAL DAMAGE, INSERT GUIDE TUBE SLOWLY

AND WITHOUT FORCING.
(a) Make sure guide tube flexible end is straight.
(b) Insert guide tube through T6 thermocouple threaded port, screw fingertight
(four turns minimum) and stop when arrows are parallel to engine axis.

72-00-00 Page 638
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
ARROW
POSITION
ENGINE AXIS
VIEW AT A
A
FIBERSCOPE GUIDE−TUBE CONTROL KNOB
GUIDE−TUBE KNURLED SLEEVE
COMBUSTION CHAMBER T6 IMMERSION THERMOCOUPLE BOSS
POWER TURBINE STATOR
POWER TURBINE VANE RING
HP IMPELLER
LP TURBINE TURBINE EXHAUST DUCT
HP TURBINE DISTAL−END
POWER
TURBINES
C32403
Power Turbine Stator Assembly and First-stage Blades - Borescope Inspection
Figure 615

72-00-00 Page 639
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(c) Attach with knurled sleeve.
NOTE: 1. To orient the flexible tip toward the PT (first-stage) or LP stator and
disk, turn the hand knob clockwise or counterclockwise. Pull hand
knob to lock flexible tip in position.
NOTE: 2. Fiberscope may be inserted into flexible guide tube before or after
installation of flexible guide tube.
(4) Secure the borescope eyepiece to the holding fixture and connect the light source.
(5) Slowly insert the fiberscope into the guide tube. Look through eyepiece and
stop inserting as soon as the distal tip passes through the guide tube.
(6) Slowly rotate the guide tube control knob to point the fiberscope towards the power
turbine stator. After reaching the stop, pull the control knob out to lock the guide
tube into position.
(7) Inspect the power turbine stator for damage (Ref. Para. 10.), swivelling the eyepiece
to move the distal tip of the fiberscope.
NOTE: Inspection of the complete power turbine stator should be carried out after
the first-stage power turbine blades have been checked.
(8) Loosen the guide tube knurled sleeve sufficiently to allow the tube to move and
facilitate insertion of the fiberscope distal end between the stator vanes. Retighten
the sleeve.
(9) Push the fiberscope slowly through the guide tube until the distal tip is adjacent to
the first-stage power turbine blades.
CAUTION: TO AVOID DAMAGE TO DISTAL TIP, ENSURE IT IS RETRACTED FROM

TURBINE BLADES BEFORE ROTATING TURBINE. DUE TO GEAR RATIO,
PROPELLER SHAFT MUST BE ROTATED SLOWLY.
(10) Inspect the first-stage power turbine blades for damage (Ref. Para. 10.). To alter
blade position, rotate the propeller shaft slowly or, if accessible, the second-stage
power turbine.
(11) Inspect the complete power turbine stator for damage (Ref. Para. 10.) as follows:
(a) Remove the fiberscope and holding fixture.
CAUTION: ENSURE FLEXIBLE TIP IS UNLOCKED AND STRAIGHT BEFORE

CARRYING OUT ANY REMOVAL STEPS.
(b) Push in and turn the guide tube control knob to straighten flexible tip.
(c) Remove the guide tube.

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(d) Repeat the installation, inspection and removal procedures at the remaining T6
ports.
(12) Install the T6 thermocouples and adapters (Post-SB21319) (Ref. 72-01-60).
Q. No. 6 and 7 Bearing Vent Transfer Tube.
(1) Disconnect and remove No. 6 and 7 bearing vent tube assembly from transfer tube
(Ref. 72-01-50, REMOVAL/INSTALLATION).
CAUTION: TAKE EXTREME CARE WHEN INSERTING BORESCOPE TO ENSURE

CARBON DOES NOT FALL INTO THE NO. 6 AND 7 BEARING HOUSING.
(2) Slowly insert the fiberscope down into the No. 6 and 7 bearing vent transfer tube.
(3) Examine transfer tube walls for carbon deposits which obstruct air flow.
NOTE: A thin layer of soot is considered normal. A carbon deposit covering a

maximum of approximately 25% of the transfer tube cross section is
acceptable.
(4) A carbon deposit covering a maximum of approximately 25% of the tube cross
section is acceptable. If carbon deposit is less then 25%, reinstall bearing vent
tube (Ref. 72-10-50, REMOVAL/INSTALLATION).
(5) If carbon over maximum allowable is observed, proceed as follows:
CAUTION: UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES MUST ANY ATTEMPT BE MADE TO

REMOVE CARBON WITHOUT REMOVING TRANSFER TUBE.
(a) Remove transfer tube (Ref. 72-01-50, REMOVAL/INSTALLATION) .
(b) Clean transfer tube (Ref. 72-01-50, CLEANING/PAINTING).
(c) Install transfer tube (Ref. 72-01-50, REMOVAL/INSTALLATION).
(6) Install and reconnect vent tube assembly (Ref. 72-01-50, REMOVAL/INSTALLATION).
R. Second-stage Power Turbine Blades and Vane Ring
(1) General
(a) Borescope inspection of second-stage power turbine blades can be carried out
using two different access routes and without use of a guide tube. The vane
ring should be inspected only through exhaust duct.
(2) Inspection Through Inspection Port (second-stage power turbine blades)
(a) Do the following:
1 Pre-SB21053/SB21136
a Remove bolts (1, Fig. 616), cover (2) and gasket (3). Discard gasket.

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
2 Post-SB21053/SB21136
a Remove security bolts and loosen No. 5 bearing vent tube

(Post-SB21053) and intercompressor case drain tube (Post-SB21136)
(Ref. 72-01-50, REMOVAL/INSTALLATION) sufficiently to permit
the fiberscope to be inserted into the inspection port.
(b) Clamp holding fixture (PWC34913) to a convenient surface.
(c) Secure borescope eyepiece to fixture, connect light source and insert
fiberscope into the inspection port (Ref. Fig. 617).
CAUTION: ENSURE DISTAL TIP OF FIBERSCOPE IS NOT BETWEEN POWER

TURBINE BLADES WHEN LATTER ARE ROTATED. DUE TO GEAR
RATIO, PROPELLER SHAFT MUST BE ROTATED SLOWLY.
(d) Inspect the second-stage power turbine blades for damage (Ref. Para. 10.).
Rotate the propeller shaft slowly to alter blade position.
(f) Do the following:
1 Pre-SB21053/SB21136
a Install gasket (3, Fig. 616), cover (2) and bolts (1). Torque bolts 36 to
40 lb.in. (4.07-4.52 Nm).
2 Post-SB21053/SB21136
a Secure No. 5 bearing vent tube (Post-SB21053) and intercompressor

case drain tube (Post-SB21136) (Ref. 72-01-50, REMOVAL/
INSTALLATION).
(3) Inspection Through the Exhaust Duct (second-stage power turbine blades and vane
ring)
(a) Remove the tailpipe (Ref. AMM).
(c) Secure the borescope eyepiece to the fixture, connect the light source and,
using the fiberscope, inspect the second-stage turbine blades for damage
(Ref. Para. 10.).
CAUTION: DO NOT ROTATE POWER TURBINE WHEN INSPECTING VANE

RING.
(d) Insert the distal tip of the fiberscope between the second-stage power turbine
blades and inspect the power turbine vane ring for damage (Ref. Para. 10., H.).

72-00-00 Page 642
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(f) Install the tailpipe (Ref. AMM).
S. RGB First-stage Helical and Input Shaft Gears
(1) PW124B (Pre-SB21149) (Input Shaft Gear)
(a) Remove bolts (1, Fig. 619), washers (2) (Pre-SB21199) or packings with
retainers (7) (Post-SB21199), front inlet case cover (3) (Pre-SB20862) or (5)
(Post-SB20862) or (8) (Post-SB21205) and packing (4) (Pre-SB20862) or (6)
(Post-SB20862). Discard packing.
(c) Secure borescope eyepiece to holding fixture and connect light source.
(d) If necessary, clean fiberscope, using a lint-free cloth.
(e) Slowly insert fiberscope into gearbox through front inlet case coupling shaft
port and into access slot (Ref. Fig. 620).
(f) Inspect teeth on layshaft pinion gear for damage (Ref. Para. 11.).
CAUTION: TO AVOID DAMAGE, WITHDRAW FIBERSCOPE FROM GEARBOX

BEFORE TURNING PROPELLER SHAFT.
(g) Withdraw fiberscope from gearbox and turn propeller shaft 5 degrees CW.
NOTE: It may be necessary to use lens tissue (PWC05-043) and lens

cleaner (PWC05-042) to remove oil film from distal tip lens.
(h) Repeat steps (e), (f) and (g) until all teeth have been inspected. Refer to Para.
11. for inspection limits.
NOTE: Keeping a reduction gearbox in service while a removal is planned

may substantially increase the cost of repair/refurbishment due to
further gear and/or bearing damage.
(i) Remove fiberscope, light source and fixture.
(j) Lubricate packing (4, Fig. 619) (Pre-SB20862) or (6) (Post-SB20862), using
engine oil (PWC03-001) and install on cover (3) (Pre-SB20862) or (5)
(Post-SB20862) or (8) (Post-SB21205).
(k) Install cover, washers (2) (Pre-SB21199) or packings with retainers (7)
(Post-SB21199) and bolts (1). Torque bolts 36 to 40 lb.in. (4.07-4.52 Nm).
(2) PW124B (Post-SB21149), PW127, PW127E, PW127F,PW127M:

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
1 2 3
C12712
Borescope Inspection Port Cover - Removal/Installation

Figure 616

72-00-00 Page 644
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Key to Figure 616
1. Bolt
2. Cover
3. Gasket
(a) Remove rear bolts (1, Fig. 621), washers (2) and cover (3) from left and
right-hand side of gearbox. Discard packings (4).
NOTE: Although not as effective, both helical and input gears can be
inspected through one of the ports if access to one side of the
engine is restricted.
(e) Slowly insert fiberscope into gearbox through LH (from front) inspection port.
(f) Inspect teeth on gears for damage (Ref. Para. 11.).


(h) Repeat steps (e), (f) and (g) until all teeth have been inspected.

(i) Slowly insert fiberscope through RH (from front) inspection port.
(j) Inspect teeth on gears for damage (Ref. Para. 11.).

(k) Withdraw fiberscope from gearbox and turn propeller shaft 5 degrees CW.


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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
TURBINE SUPPORT
INSPECTION PORT
POWER
HP TURBINE TURBINES FIBERSCOPE
LP TURBINE TURBINE EXHAUST DUCT

HP IMPELLER
DISTAL END
POWER TURBINE
COMBUSTION VANE RING
POWER TURBINE
CHAMBER
STATOR
C32398
Second-stage Power Turbine Blades - Borescope Inspection

Figure 617

72-00-00 Page 646
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(l) Repeat steps (i), (j) and (k) until all teeth have been inspected.

(m) Remove fiberscope, light source and fixture.
(n) Lubricate packings (4) with engine oil (PWC03-001) and install on covers (3).
(o) Install covers (3), washers (2) and nuts (1). Torque nuts 32 to 36 lb.in.
(3.62-4.07 Nm).
T. RGB Second-stage Reduction Spur Gearshaft
(1) Remove layshaft covers (Ref. 72-10-00) and propeller brake/propeller brake seal
housing, if installed.
(3) Secure borescope eyepiece to holding fixture and connect light source.
(4) If necessary, clean fiberscope using a lint-free cloth.
CAUTION: USE ONLY APPROVED FIBERSCOPE (PWC34910-102) TO INSPECT

SECOND-STAGE REDUCTION SPUR GEAR TEETH. STEEL-BRAIDED
FIBERSCOPES MUST NOT BE USED. EXTREME CARE MUST BE TAKEN
NOT TO DAMAGE OR SCRATCH BEARING RACE WHEN INSERTING
FIBERSCOPE, WHICH MUST BE CLEAN.
(5) Slowly insert fiberscope into gearbox through LH (from front) No. 14 bearing at 10
and 11 o’clock positions.
(6) Inspect visible teeth on both RH layshaft gear and the second stage reduction spur
gear (bull gear) for damage (Ref. Para. 11.).

(7) Withdraw fiberscope from gearbox and turn propeller shaft 5 degrees CW.
NOTE: It may be necessary to use lens tissue (PWC05-043) and lens cleaner
(PWC05-042) to remove oil film from distal tip lens.
(8) Repeat steps (5), (6) and (7) until all teeth on both gears have been inspected.
(9) Slowly insert fiberscope through RH (from front) No. 14 bearing at the 2 o’clock
position and inspect teeth visible on LH layshaft pinion for damage (Ref. Para. 11.).

(10) Withdraw fiberscope from gearbox and turn propeller shaft 5 degrees CW.

72-00-00 Page 647
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
DELETED
C00000
Reduction Gearbox First-stage Input Shaft Gear Teeth - Unacceptable Spalling


72-00-00 Page 648
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
DELETED
C00000
Reduction Gearbox First-stage Input Shaft Gear Teeth - Unacceptable Spalling

72-00-00 Page 649
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
2 OR 7
3 OR 5
4 OR 6
C32978
Front Inlet Case Coupling Shaft/RGB Gear Inspection Port Cover - Removal/Installation
Figure 619

72-00-00 Page 650
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Key to Figure 619
1. Bolt
2. Washer (Pre-SB21199)
3. Cover (Pre-SB20862)
4. Packing (Pre-SB20862)
5. Cover (Post-SB20862)
6. Packing (Post-SB20862)
7. Packing with Retainer (Post-SB21199)
8. Cover (Post-SB21205) (not illustrated)
(11) Repeat steps (9) and (10) until all the layshaft pinion teeth have been inspected.
NOTE: 1. If acceptable spalling is evident (Ref. Para. 11.), further borescope

inspection must be carried out at intervals not to exceed 300 hours until
the threshold inspection limit is exceeded or, for engines on an
on-condition program, until RGB is refurbished. If unacceptable spalling
is evident on one or more teeth, return reduction gearbox to an overhaul
facility for repair.
NOTE: 2. Keeping a reduction gearbox in service while a removal is planned may

substantially increase the cost of repair/refurbishment due to further gear
and/or bearing damage.
(12) Remove fiberscope, light source and fixture.
(13) Install layshaft covers (Ref. 72-10-00) and propeller brake/propeller brake seal
housing, if removed.
(14) Top up oil system (Ref. Servicing).
U. RGB Second-stage Gears (Bull Gear and Layshaft Pinions)
(1) Inspection with Accessory Gearbox Drive Cover Removed
(a) Remove RGB accessory drive cover and gears (Ref. 72-10-00).
(c) Secure borescope eyepiece to fixture and connect light source.
(d) Insert fiberscope into rear housing aperture where bull gear is visible, following
along bull gear teeth to one side until second-stage gear is reached.
(e) Inspect gear teeth for damage (Ref. Para. 11.).

72-00-00 Page 651
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
INSERT FIBERSCOPE
INTO THIS PASSAGE
VIEW A
FIBERSCOPE
DISTAL
END
C32977
RGB Layshaft Pinion Gear - Inspection of

Figure 620

72-00-00 Page 652
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(f) Retract fiberscope, turn propeller shaft and reinsert fiberscope. Repeat as
required to view and inspect all teeth.
NOTE: 1. Approximately a quarter turn of propeller shaft rotates second-stage

gear 360 degrees.

inspection must be carried out at intervals not to exceed 300 hours
until the threshold inspection limit is exceeded or, for engines on
an on-condition program, until RGB is refurbished. If unacceptable
spalling is evident on one or more teeth, return reduction gearbox to
an overhaul facility for repair.
NOTE: 3. Keeping a reduction gearbox in service while a removal is planned

(g) To view other second-stage gear, insert fiberscope into other aperture where
bull gear is visible, following along bull gear to other side until second-stage
gear is reached.
(h) Inspect gear teeth for damage (Ref. Para. 11.).
NOTE: 1. To view and inspect all teeth, repeat step (f).


(i) Remove all borescope equipment and reinstall gears and RGB accessory
cover (Ref. 72-10-00).
(2) Inspection with Layshaft Covers Removed
(a) Remove layshaft covers (Ref. 72-10-00) and propeller brake/propeller brake
seal housing, if installed.

72-00-00 Page 653
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
4
3
2
8
7 1
5
6
LEFT HAND VIEW
8
4
3
2
6
1 5 7
RIGHT HAND VIEW
C61606
RGB Borescope Inspection Covers - Removal/Installation

Figure 621

72-00-00 Page 654
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Key to Figure 621
1. Nut
2. Washer
3. Cover
4. Packing
5. Nut
6. Washer
7. Cover
8. Packing
CAUTION: USE ONLY APPROVED FIBERSCOPE (MACHIDA 5 mm FBA 4-90T)

TO INSPECT SECOND-STAGE REDUCTION SPUR GEAR TEETH.
STEEL BRAIDED FIBERSCOPES MUST NOT BE USED. EXTREME
CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO NOT DAMAGE OR SCRATCH
BEARING RACE WHEN INSERTING FIBERSCOPE, WHICH MUST
BE CLEAN.
(e) Slowly insert fiberscope into gearbox through LH (from front) No. 14 bearing at
10 and 11 o’clock positions.
(f) Inspect teeth visible on both bullgear and RH second-stage pinion gear for
damage (Ref. Para. 11.).


(h) Repeat steps (e), (f) and (g) until all teeth on both gears have been inspected.


(i) Slowly insert fiberscope through RH (from front) No. 14 bearing at 2 o’clock
position and inspect teeth visible on LH layshaft pinion for damage (Ref.
Para. 11.).

72-00-00 Page 655
MAINTENANCE MANUAL

(j) Withdraw fiberscope from gearbox and turn propeller shaft 5 degrees CW.
(k) Repeat steps (i) and (j) until all layshaft pinion teeth have been inspected.
NOTE: If acceptable spalling is evident (Ref. Para. 11.), further borescope

until the threshold inspection limit is exceeded.
(l) Remove fiberscope, light source and fixture.
(m) Install layshaft covers (Ref. 72-10-00), propeller brake seal housing and
propeller brake, if removed.
(3) Inspection with Front Borescope Inspection Covers Removed PW124B

(Post-SB21149), PW127, PW127E, PW127F, PW127M
(a) Remove nuts (5, Fig. 621), washers (6) and covers (7), using puller
(PWC37651). Discard packings (8).
(d) If necessary, clean fiberscope, using lint-free cloth.
(e) Slowly insert fiberscope into gearbox through LH (from front) inspection port.
(f) Inspect teeth on both gears for damage (Ref. Para. 11.).


cleaner (PWC05-042) to remove oil film from distal tip lens
(h) Repeat steps (e), (f) and (g) until all teeth on both gears have been inspected.
(i) Slowly insert fiberscope through RH (from front) inspection port and inspect
teeth visible on layshaft pinion for damage (Ref. Para. 11.).

(j) Withdraw fiberscope from gearbox and turn propeller shaft 5 degrees CW.

72-00-00 Page 656
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(k) Repeat steps (i) and (j) until all layshaft pinion teeth have been inspected.

inspections must be carried out at intervals not to exceed 300 hours
until the threshold inspection limit is exceeded or for engines on
an on-condition program until RGB is refurbished. If unacceptable

(l) Remove fiberscope, light source and fixture.
(m) Lubricate packings (8) with engine oil (PWC03-001) and install on covers (7).
(n) Install covers (7), washers (6) and nuts (5). Torque nuts 32 to 36 lb.in.
(3.62-4.07 Nm).
10. Hot Section Component Borescope Inspection Criteria
CAUTION: GAS PATH COMPONENTS DOWNSTREAM OF COMPONENTS HAVING

MATERIAL MISSING MUST BE INSPECTED TO ENSURE SECONDARY
DAMAGE HAS NOT OCCURRED. PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO ROTATING
COMPONENTS.
A. General
(1) Borescope inspection is usually a troubleshooting procedure carried out to

determine the reasons for performance deterioration. Consult Fault Isolation
(Performance Deterioration (ECTM shift) or High ITT (T6)), to determine the area to
be borescoped. Borescope inspection of specific areas may also be required by
the maintenance program.
(2) A hot section inspection (HSI) recommended due to rotating components (i.e.
blades) being outside the guidelines given in the following procedures (Ref.
Para. B. through I.) must be carried out before the next flight.
(3) Only, an HSI/engine removal which is recommended due to deteriorating non-rotating

engine components may be delayed, provided a power assurance check (Ref.
Adjustment/Test) is carried out to ensure engine performance is within acceptable
limitations. Also, a borescope inspection of the affected area must be carried out
within 50 flight hours. If further extensions are required, subsequent inspections
and power assurance checks must be carried out at intervals depending on the rate
of progression and level of deterioration seen. Extensions must not go beyond an
individual operator’s approved inspection interval (TBO).
NOTE: Keeping an engine in service after components have deteriorated beyond

suggested economical criteria may substantially increase the cost of
subsequent repairs/refurbishments due to the possible effect on
downstream components.

72-00-00 Page 657
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
B. Combustion Chamber (Small Exit Duct, Inner and Outer Liner Assemblies)
(1) General
(a) Combustion chamber components can be repaired (Ref. 72-03-00,

INSPECTION/CHECK), and operators are recommended to consider repair limits
as well as in-service limits before deciding action to be taken after a borescope
inspection. This will enable them to schedule an HSI for economic reasons
before damage increases to the extent that components cannot be repaired and
must be replaced. However, if damage is beyond repair limits, components
may remain in service until in-service limits are reached.
(b) Deterioration must be recorded to provide a baseline to enable rate of

progression to be assessed at subsequent inspections.
(c) When localized combustion chamber deterioration is observed, the associated

fuel nozzle must be inspected and replaced if not within specified limits.
Carbon accumulation inside fuel nozzle passages is the principal cause of
spray pattern degradation which results in non-uniform combustion and local
high temperature peaks. Exposure to these peaks contributes to premature hot
section deterioration. Carbon accumulation is progressive and can affect all
nozzles. Therefore, it is suggested, for economic reasons, that all nozzles be
inspected to minimize the possibility of premature deterioration occurring at other
locations.
(d) Refer to Para. A., steps (2) and (3) for additional HSI recommendations.
(2) Inspection Criteria
(a) Combustion Chamber Outer Liner Center Cooling Ring (Item X) (Pre-SB21598,
Part B) (Ref. Fig. 622)
NOTE: Refer to SB21598 for the applicability (Ref. Table 1 or 2).
1 Inspect the center cooling ring for evidence of detachment from the
back-up ring support (Ref. Fig. 623).
2 If there is evidence that the center cooling ring is detached, P&WC

recommends to remove the engine and carry out the incorporation of
SB21598 Part B within the next 10 FH to avoid potential downstream
damages.
NOTE: Detachment is when a section of the center cooling ring is

cracked axially completely across the ring and is pulled away
from the liner wall to the extent shown (Ref. Fig. 624).
3 If there is a section of the center cooling ring missing, P&WC recommends

to carry out repeated borescope inspections at 50 FH intervals, until
incorporation of SB21598, Part B (Ref. Fig. 625).
NOTE: The 50 FH interval is subject to acceptable condition of the

downstream hot section components.

72-00-00 Page 658
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
r
r
c
x
r
r
C18576
Combustion Chamber Outer Liner Center Cooling Ring - Location of
Figure 622

72-00-00 Page 659
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CENTER−COOLING−RING
CENTER−COOLING−RING
DETACHED FROM SUPPORT
TOP VIEW
C67441
Center Cooling Ring - Example of Detachment

Figure 623

72-00-00 Page 660
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CENTER−C00LING−RING
CENTER−C00LING−RING
C67229A
Center Cooling Ring - Detachment of
Figure 624

72-00-00 Page 661
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CENTER−C00LING−RING MISSING SECTION

OF COOLING RING
C67414
Center Cooling Ring - Example of Missing Section

Figure 625

72-00-00 Page 662
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(b) Combustion chamber inner and outer liner assemblies (Ref. Fig. 626)
1 The following holes are acceptable:
a Area a: multiple holes with individual surface area less than 0.050 sq.in.
(32.2 sq.mm) and total surface area less than area equivalent to one
hole of 0.250 in. (6.35 mm) diameter.
b Area b: multiple holes with individual surface area less than 0.200 sq.in.
(129.0 sq.mm) and total surface area less than area equivalent to one
hole of 0.500 in. (12.7 mm) diameter.
c Area c: multiple holes with total surface area less than 2.000 sq.in.
(1290.0 sq.mm), provided there are no cracks or holes in the
associated bottom support.
d A repeat inspection of the affected area must be carried out within 300
flight hours. Subsequent inspections must be carried out at intervals
depending upon rate of progression and level of deterioration seen. If no
further deterioration is observed, the engine may continue in service
with subsequent inspections carried out as defined in the regular
maintenance program. If deterioration exceeds the above limits or the
bottom support is cracked or has holes, an HSI is recommended to
be carried out within 100 flight hours.
2 Non-converging cracks in the walls of the inner and outer liner assemblies
are acceptable, provided the total surface area of the crack openings does
not exceed the area allowed for holes (Ref. step 1). The engine may
continue in service with subsequent inspections carried out as defined in
the regular maintenance program. If deterioration exceeds the limits specified
in step 1, an HSI is recommended to be carried out within 100 flight
hours.
3 Converging cracks in walls of inner and outer liner assemblies similar to

those shown in View D are acceptable, providing a repeat borescope
inspection of the affected area is carried out within 300 flight hours.
Subsequent inspections must be carried out at intervals depending upon rate
of progression and level of deterioration seen. If no further deterioration
is observed, the engine may continue in service with subsequent inspections
carried out as defined in the regular maintenance program. If converging
cracks are anticipated to progress to an extent that a hole larger than those
considered acceptable (Ref. step 1) will be produced, an HSI is
recommended to be carried out within 100 flight hours.
4 Cooling rings eroded and/or cracked and/or having material missing due to
metal break away are acceptable. The engine may continue in service with
subsequent inspections carried out as defined in the regular maintenance
program.
NOTE: Cooling rings having material missing may change air flow which
could accelerate combustion chamber deterioration.

72-00-00 Page 663
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
BULGING
a
F D
b
b
BULGING
BOTTOM
SUPPORT
C22738
Combustion Chamber Inner and Outer Liner Assemblies - Typical In-service Defects

72-00-00 Page 664
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
0.345 in.
REF
(8.763 mm)
1.290 in.
(32.766 mm) REF
ACCEPTABLE HOLE
VIEW D
C22737A

72-00-00 Page 665
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
0.920 in.
ACCEPTABLE HOLE (23.368 mm)
REF
0.300 in.
VIEW E (7.62 mm)
REF 0.680 in.
(17.272 mm)
REF
C22736A

72-00-00 Page 666
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
0.920 in.
(23.368 mm)
REF
0.300 in.
(7.62 mm)
REF
ACCEPTABLE
HOLE
VIEW F
C22735A

72-00-00 Page 667
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
5 Plasma top coating (ceramic) loss on inner and outer liner assemblies is
acceptable. The engine may continue in service with subsequent
inspections carried out as defined in the regular maintenance program.
6 Bulging with no abrupt change in curvature and/or hot spots is acceptable.

A repeat inspection of the affected area must be carried out within 300
flight hours. Subsequent inspections must be carried out at intervals
depending upon rate of progression and level of deterioration seen. If no
further deterioration is observed, the engine may continue in service
with subsequent inspections carried out as defined in the regular
maintenance program.
7 All other defects are acceptable.
(c) Small exit duct (Ref. Fig. 627)
1 Subsequent boroscope inspection interval: Refer to Chapter 05-20-00.

Plasma top coating (ceramic) loss is acceptable. The engine may continue in
service with subsequent inspections carried out as defined in the regular
maintenance program.
2 Subsequent boroscope inspection interval: 1000 hours max. As structural

integrity is not affected, cracks on the heat shield (including open radial
cracks extending from the inner to outer diameter), erosion and/or holes
having a total surface area less than 0.500 sq.in. (323.0 sq.mm) in the heat
shield are acceptable. (Ref. Table 604).
3 Subsequent borocope inspection interval: 500 hours max. Open cracks,

erosion and/or holes on the heat shield having a total surface area less
than 2.000 sq.in. (1290.0 sq.mm) are acceptable. (Ref. Table 604). Non
converging cracks on the inner flange support are acceptable. A boroscope
inspection of the associated HP turbine vanes must be carried out.
4 Unserviceable condition requiring scheduled engine removal. Deterioration

exceeding the above limits or presence of converging cracks and/or holes
on the inner flange support are not acceptable. Engine removal is
recommended within 100 hours for economic reasons.
TABLE 604, Inner Flange Holes, Reference Dimensions (Ref. Fig. 627)
Hole Approx. Distance
Pre-SB Post-SB Dia. A (IN) Ref. B (IN)
-- 21629 0.050 0.300
21629 21233 0.100 0.600
21233 -- 0.050 0.600

72-00-00 Page 668
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
A
F
INNER FLANGE SUPPORT
COATING
MISSING
HEAT SHIELD
SECTION A−A
INNER FLANGE
SUPPORT
B
(REF.)
COOLING HOLES
ON INNER FLANGE HEAT SHIELD
(DIA. A REF.)
CRACK
INNER FLANGE CRACK
VIEW F
C22701C
Small Exit Duct - Typical In-service Defects
Figure 627

72-00-00 Page 669
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
C. High Pressure (HP) Turbine Vane Segments
CAUTION: AFTER A SHOP VISIT, MORE FREQUENT BORESCOPE INSPECTIONS MAY

BE REQUIRED DUE TO THE REINSTALLATION OF DAMAGED VANE
SEGMENTS. (REF. ENGINE LOGBOOK AND 72-03-00, INSPECTION/CHECK)
(1) General
(a) Hot gas streaks can result in burnt/eroded areas on the HP turbine vane ring
segments which usually increase flow area, decrease HP compressor speed
(NH) and may result in higher interturbine temperature (ITT/T6). However, flight
safety is not affected. When inspected through the borescope, deteriorated
HP vane segments may already be beyond repairable limits. If this occurs, the
HP shroud segments must be inspected. Continued service may also result
in damage to the turbine support case (TSC) due to oxidation/erosion between
HP shroud segments located in the hot gas streak path. Repair to the TSC
at the HP shroud segment support will significantly increase shop visit cost.
(b) The inspection criteria for HP vane segments is separated into two categories:
1 Criteria for installed vane segments which are visually inspected using a
borescope (visual access is limited, therefore segments cannot be
completely inspected).
2 Expanded criteria for vane segments which are removed from the engine
during shop visits (Ref. 72-03-00, Inspection/Check). These expanded
limits can be used to reduce the work done during engine repair by allowing
the vane segments to remain in service.
(c) For both categories, the applicable borescope inspection intervals are listed for
HP turbine vane segments which remain in service. This interval is determined
by hardware condition which is divided into five categories. The actual
interval used is determined by reviewing the borescope inspection requirements
of HP vane segment(s) and other hot end components, then choosing the
shortest interval. It should be noted that if HP vane segments are reinstalled at
shop visit, although flight safety is not affected, subsequent on-wing intervals
may be shorter due to the deterioration which continues when the engine is
returned to service.
(d) Regardless of the borescope interval recommended, it is good maintenance

practice to borescope the combustion chamber, HP vane segments and HP
turbine blades during a fuel nozzle change. If subsequent borescope inspections
reveal hot section damage, the fuel nozzle set associated with the damage
will not be known if the condition of these components was not checked when
doing fuel nozzle changes.

72-00-00 Page 670
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(e) The description and illustrations of various types of HP vane segment damage
which follow, give the criteria used when deciding if an HP vane segment
should continue in service. Certain damage may be classified as allowable for
continued service, but recommendations may be given not to reinstall the
segment if the damage is found during a shop visit. When damaged segments
are returned to service after a shop visit, safety and engine operation will
not be affected, however, subsequent borescope inspections may show damage
increasing to category 4 which may require more frequent inspections and/or
engine removal.
(a) The five categories listed below cover HP vane segment deterioration.
1 Category 1
No visible deterioration.
Subsequent borescope inspection interval: Refer to Chapter 05-20-00.
2 Category 2
Minor repairable damage (Ref. Fig. 628).
Subsequent borescope inspection interval: 1500 hours Max.
Dents and/or impact damage are acceptable but may cause the segment to
become unrepairable.
NOTE: 1. The repairability criteria and examples shown in this category

are guidelines to be used only for maintenance planning
purposes.
NOTE: 2. Subsequent borescope inspection interval for engine not on

ECTM and operated with the hard time maintenance program is
to be carried out in accordance with the chapter 05-20-00,
schedule inspections/maintenance intervals.
3 Category 3
Minor non-repairable damage (Ref. Fig. 629).
NOTE: Subsequent borescope inspection interval for engine not on ECTM

and operated with the hard time maintenance program is to be
carried out in accordance with the chapter 05-20-00, schedule
inspections/maintenance intervals.
4 Category 4
Non-repairable damage requiring more frequent monitoring (Ref. Fig. 630).
For these more frequent borescope inspections, it is recommended, where
possible, to borescope through the igniter ports instead of the fuel
nozzle ports which involves disturbing the fuel system.

72-00-00 Page 671
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Carry out a detailed borescope inspection of the combustion chamber, HP

turbine blades, HP turbine shrouds, LP turbine vanes and LP turbine
blades for evidence of widespread damage. Re-evaluate segment(s) during
subsequent inspections to see if the condition has degraded to category
5 damage.
Damage of this type may be caused by deviating fuel nozzle flow or
prolonged use of vane segments which are in an unrepairable condition. If
continued service is planned, fuel nozzles are recommended to be
changed as a precaution in order to minimize the possibility of further
downstream damage occurring.
5 Category 5
Unserviceable condition requiring scheduled engine removal (Ref. Fig.
631).
Carry out a detailed borescope inspection of the combustion chamber, HP
turbine blades, HP turbine shrouds, LP turbine vanes and LP turbine
blades for evidence of widespread damage.
Engine removal is recommended within 50 hours for economic reasons.
Immediate removal is required if rotating components are not within
borescope inspection limits and/or if power assurance check limits are not
met.
NOTE: To keep an engine in service after components have deteriorated

more than the recommended economical criteria can possibly
increase the cost of subsequent repairs/refurbishment because of
the effect on downstream components.
D. HP Turbine Blades
(1) General
(a) The condition of HP turbine blade airfoils and tips is critical to obtain rated
power. An increase in turbine tip clearance can significantly increase the
interturbine temperature (ITT/T6) and reduce Nh rotor speed.
(a) Coating loss on the leading edge surface of the blade, that is less than 0.350
inch in height or covering less than 40% of the leading edge surface, is
acceptable.

72-00-00 Page 672
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
THESE EXAMPLES SHOW REPAIRABLE EROSION AND

CRACKS THAT ARE ACCEPTABLE FOR CONTINUED
SERVICE. CONTINUED SERVICE MAY CAUSE THE
SEGMENT TO BE NON−REPAIRABLE AT NEXT SHOP
VISIT.
CONVERGING AIRFOIL CRACKS ARE ALLOWABLE.

AIRFOIL SURFACES ARE INTERNALLY SUPPORTED
UP TO 0.500 IN (12.7 MM) FROM THE TRAILING EDGE.
ALLOWABLE NOT ALLOWABLE IF AN AREA BOUNDED BY CONVERGING CRACKS
DOES NOT EXTEND INTO THIS SUPPORTING ZONE,
THE SEGMENT IS RECOMMENDED TO BE REPLACED.
1.200 IN.
0.850 IN. (30.48 MM.)
(21.59 MM.) APPROX. APPROX.
0.500
C69267A
HP Turbine Vane Segment - Minor Repairable Damage
Figure 628

72-00-00 Page 673
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CRACKS WHICH FORM A CIRCULAR PATTERN

BETWEEN A GROUP OF ADJACENT LEADING
EDGE COOLING HOLES ARE ACCEPTABLE.
VANE SEGMENTS WITH THIS TYPE OF DAMAGE
ARE RECOMMENDED TO BE REPLACED AT SHOP VISIT.
C69269
HP Turbine Vane Segment - Minor Non-repairable Damage

Figure 629

72-00-00 Page 674
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
OUTER PLATFORM
TRAILING EDGE EROSION
AIRFOIL SURFACE
MISSING (BURNT) MATERIAL
EXPOSING INSERT
BURNT MATERIAL EXPOSING THE INSIDE

OF THE VANE REQUIRES FREQUENT
(i.e. CATEGORY 4) MONITORING.
FUEL NOZZLES ARE RECOMMENDED
TO BE REPLACED IF THIS CONDITION
HAS NOT BEEN OBSERVED AT PREVIOUS
INSPECTION.
C69270
HP Turbine Vane Segment - Non-repairable Damage (Category 4)
Figure 630

72-00-00 Page 675
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
ENGINE REMOVAL IS RECOMMENDED WITHIN 50 HOURS

FOR ECONOMIC REASONS IF, VANE SEGMENTS
WITH THE MAJORITY OF THE INTERNAL
INSERT EXPOSED OR WITH ENTIRE AIRFOILS MISSING.
IF ROTATING COMPONENTS ARE NOT WITHIN BORESCOPE INSPECTION
LIMITS OR POWER ASSURANCE CHECK INDICATES THE
ENGINE IS NOT OPERATING WITHIN DEFINED LIMIT,
ENGINE MUST BE REMOVED IMMEDIATELY.
NOTE:
TO KEEP AN ENGINE IN SERVICE AFTER COMPONENTS HAVE
DETERIORIATED MORE THAN THE RECOMMENDED ECONOMICAL
CRITERIA CAN POSSIBLY INCREASE THE COST OF SUBSEQUENT
REPAIRS / REFURBISHMENT BECAUSE OF THE EFFECT ON
DOWNSTREAM COMPONENTS.
C69272B
HP Turbine Vane Segment - Non-repairable Damage Requiring Scheduled Engine Removal

Figure 631

72-00-00 Page 676
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(b) Defects shown on Figure 632 are acceptable for further service, providing
engine performance is within limits. Additional borescope inspections must
be carried out at intervals not to exceed 1500 flight hours, depending upon rate
of progression and level of deterioration seen. Further increased erosion and
blade tip oxidation will be indicated by an increase in ITT and a drop in Nh rotor
speed when monitored using ECTM.
NOTE: If borescope limits are being used to determine the serviceability of

the HP turbine blades during an engine repair and the erosion has
reduced the wall thickness at the leading edge tip (Dim. T) to less than
0.020 in. (0.50 mm), follow the borescope inspection intervals in
step (c).
(c) Defects exceeding those shown on Figure 632 but not exceeding the
acceptable defects shown on Figure 633 are acceptable for further service,
providing engine performance is within limits. A repeat borescope inspection and
power assurance check must be carried out within 300 flight hours.
Subsequent borescope inspections and power assurance checks must be
carried out at intervals not to exceed 600 flight hours, depending upon the rate
of progression and level of deterioration seen.
(d) Leading edge/tip erosion and open cracks at blade tip exceeding those shown
on Figure 633 are acceptable for further service, providing internal cooling air
passages are not visible and engine performance is within limits. A repeat
borescope inspection and power assurance check must be carried out within
100 flight hours. Subsequent borescope inspections and power assurance
checks must be carried out at intervals not to exceed 300 flight hours, depending
upon the rate of progression and level of deterioration seen.
(e) Erosion/oxidation of the blade leading edge as shown on Figure 634, but not
exceeding Figure 635 is acceptable for further service, providing internal
cooling air passages are not visible and engine performance is within limits. A
repeat borescope inspection and power assurance check must be carried
out within 300 flight hours. Subsequent borescope inspections and power
assurance checks must be carried out at intervals not to exceed 300 flight hours.
1 Erosion/oxidation exceeding limits shown on Figure 635 are not

acceptable and a HSI is recommended. For scheduling purposes, the HSI
can be delayed for a maximum of 100 hours.
(f) Visible internal cooling air passages or trailing edge defects exceeding those
shown on Figure 633 are not acceptable, and an HSI is recommended to be
carried out. For scheduling purposes, the HSI can be delayed for a maximum of
100 flight hours, providing engine performance is within limits.
NOTE: Refer to Para. A. for additional HSI recommendations.
(g) Corrosion that goes through the HP blade platform as shown on figure 633, is
not acceptable and an HSI is recommended to be carried out. For scheduling
purposes, the HSI can be delayed for a maximum of 100 flight hours, providing
engine performance is within limits.

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
HEAVY RUBBING AND BURNT

MATERIAL 0.080 IN.
EROSION
BLADE TIP (2.0 mm)
OPEN CRACK
0.900 IN.
T TRAILING EDGE (22.80 MM.)
HAIRLINE CRACK APPROX.
0.300 IN.
(8.00mm)
COATING LOSS
LEADING EDGE
0.170 IN.
(4.318 MM.)
APPROX.
0.580 IN.
(14.73 MM.)
APPROX.
NOTES:
1. THE ABOVE DEFECTS ARE ACCEPTABLE FOR FURTHER
SERVICE. REFER TO PARA. 10. D. (2) FOR RECOMMENDED
SERVICE ACTION.
2. HAIRLINE CRACKS WITH NO SIGNS OF EROSION OR

CORROSION AND STARTING AT THE TIP OF THE BLADE
ARE ACCEPTABLE.
C18657J
HP Turbine Blade - Typical Damage (Blade Tip May Be Repairable By Grinding)

Figure 632

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
BLADE TIP OPEN CRACK

EROSION
0.250 IN.
(6.35 mm)
OR 28%
0.250 IN.
(6.35 mm)
HEAVY RUBBING, OR 24%
BURNT OR MISSING
MATERIAL
0.900 IN.
(22.86 mm)
APPROX.
TRAILING EDGE
OXIDATION, EROSION, COATING

LOSS OR BURNT MATERIAL
LEADING EDGE
CORROSION THAT GOES

THROUGH BLADE PLATFORM
NOTES:
1. THE ABOVE LEADING EDGE/TIP EROSION AND OPEN CRACKS AT BLADE TIP ARE
ACCEPTABLE FOR FURTHER SERVICE, REFER TO PARA 10. D.( 2) (d) FOR RECOMMENDED
SERVICE ACTION.
2. TRAILING EDGE DEFECTS EXCEEDING THE ABOVE LIMITS ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE.
REFER TO PARA. 10. D. (2) (c) FOR RECOMMENDED SERVICE ACTION. THE DIMENSIONS
CANNOT BE ACCURATELY MEASURED WHEN USING A BORESCOPE. THEREFORE
THE EXTENT OF THE DAMAGE MAY BE ESTIMATED AS A PERCENTAGE OF
AIRFOIL TRAILING EDGE HEIGHT AND TIP LENGTH.
3. CORROSION THAT GOES THROUGH THE BLADE PLATFORM IS NOT ACCEPTABLE.
REFER TO PARA. 10. D. (2) (g) FOR RECOMMENDED SERVICE ACTION.
4. ABOVE OXIDATION IS ACCEPTABLE FOR FURTHER SERVICE.
REFER TO PARA. 10. D. (2) (e) FOR RECOMMENDED SERVICE ACTION.
C18658L
HP Turbine Blade - Damage Limits
Figure 633

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
ACCEPTABLE LIMITS FOR EROSION / OXIDATION
C152200
HP Turbine Blade - Erosion/Oxidation

Figure 634

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
0.150 IN.
CHAMFER
DIMENSION.
(REF.)
0.050 IN. MAX.

EROSION /
OXIDATION.
(REFER NOTE)
NOTE:
LIMIT NOT APPLICABLE TO BLADE TIP AREA.
REF. TO PARA 10 D (2) (d)
C152199
HP Turbine Blade - Erosion/Oxidation
Figure 635

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(3) Airfoil corrosion is described in the table that follows. Table 605 provides a
summary of the maintenance actions required, for each of the blade corrosion
conditions.
NOTE: It is possible that multiple corrosion stages, may appear on a blade set or
on individual blades. To determine the appropriate maintenance action,
refer to the action required for the highest level of corrosion stage present.
Refer to steps (3) (b) thru (e) for corrosion stage definition.
TABLE 605, Airfoil Corrosion / Maintenance Actions
Blade
Inspection Corrosion Stages
Area
(Ref. Fig. 637) 1 2 3 4
Area ‘‘B’’ Borescope Borescope Replace Blade Replace Blade

Upper 50% 1500 FH Intervals 500 FH Intervals Within 500 FH Within 10 FH
Area ‘‘A’’ Borescope Replace Blade Replace Blade Replace Blade
Lower 50% 1500 FH Intervals Within 50 FH Within 10 FH Within 10 FH
NOTE: General Recommendation on Turbine Wash:

When corrosion is observed on turbine airfoils, it is an indicator that
turbine wash procedures or wash frequency needs correction or adjustment.
In such a case, P&WC recommends the implementation of turbine wash
method 2, on the whole fleet, using tool PWC56502 as described in,
72-00-00, Engine Cleaning. Effectiveness of turbine wash should be
assessed via borescope inspection per Table 605.
(a) Manufacturing Dimples on blade: (Ref to Fig. 636).

During borescope, inspectors must pay attention as to not confuse corrosion
blisters with manufacturing dimples that may be present. The dimples, if present,
are approximately 1/8 inch in diameter and are located at the mid-chord of
the pressure side (concave) of the airfoil (about 1/8 inch above the platform).
These dimples are superfluous material left from the casting process and are
normally removed by hand. However, since this is a manual operation, the
surface profile may vary from one hand tool operator to the other. These dimples
have no effect on blade structural integrity and blade performance. Their
presence is often highlighted by dirt / soot deposits that gather on the dimple.
(b) Corrosion Stage 1: Slight roughening of the surface caused by some growth
and localized breakdown of the protection coating is evident. Structural integrity
of base material is not affected (Ref. Fig. 638 , sheet 1).
(c) Corrosion Stage 2: Oxidation of base material has started. Evidence of

blistering caused by formation of corrosion products under the coating. Individual
blisters do not exceed 0.125 x 0.125 inch. Structural integrity of the base
material may be affected if corrosion blister is located in Area A. (Ref. Fig. 638
, sheet 2).

72-00-00 Page 682
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(d) Corrosion Stage 3: Oxidation of the base material has penetrated to a

significant depth. Blister(s) size is greater than 0.125 x 0.125 inch. Structural
integrity of the base material may be affected (Ref. Fig. 638 , sheet 3).
(e) Corrosion Stage 4: Deep penetration of corrosion going though the airfoil wall.
Structural Integrity of base material affected (Ref. Fig. 638 , sheet 4).
E. HP Turbine Shroud Segment
(1) Borescope Inspection Intervals:
(a) For PW124B/PW127M Engines:
1 Borescope inspection to be made at the intervals as indicated in Chapter

05-20-00.
(b) For PW127/E/F Engines:
1 Pre-SB21711/21726/21731: Initial borescope inspection to be made at

1500 hours.
2 Post-SB21711/21726/21731: Borescope inspection to be made at the

intervals as indicated in Chapter 05-20-00.
(2) HP Turbine Shroud Segment Borescope Inspection Criteria (Ref. to Table 606)
NOTE: The following Table provides a summary of the maintenance action

required for each shroud segment deterioration category.

72-00-00 Page 683
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
DIMPLE DIMPLE
DIMPLE
NOTE:
NO MAINTENANCE ACTIONS REQUIRED.
C101553
HP Turbine Blade - Manufacturing Dimples

Figure 636

72-00-00 Page 684
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
AREA B
0.875 IN.
(APPROX)
AREA A
C101557
HP Turbine Blade Inspection Area’s
Figure 637

72-00-00 Page 685
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
AREA A
NOTE:
BORESCOPE AT 1500 FH.
Stage 1 C101558
Airfoil Corrosion Samples


72-00-00 Page 686
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
0.125 IN.
MAXIMUM
AREA A
NOTE:
REPLACE BLADE WITHIN 50 FH.
Stage 2 C101559

72-00-00 Page 687
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
AREA B
AREA B REPLACE BLADE WITHIN 500 FH
AREA B
AREA A
AREA A AND AREA B REPLACE BLADE WITHIN 10 FH PER WORSE CONDITION
Stage 3 C101563


72-00-00 Page 688
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
REPLACE BLADE WITHIN 10 FH
Stage 4 C101566

72-00-00 Page 689
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
TABLE 606, Maintenance summary for HP Turbine Shroud Segment
14 shroud segment 21 shroud segment

configuration configuration
Categories Visual definition Action required Action required
1 See Category 1 Borescope every No additional
definition below. 1000 FH maximum maintenance action
(Ref. Fig. 639) required. (Refer to
For PW124B only: Chapter 05-20-00)
No additional
maintenance action
required. (Refer to
Chapter 05-20-00)
Observation of at least one of the following:
v Borescope inspection shows silver-grey heat discoloration, with no axial cracks.

v Slight changes to surface texture may be visible.
2 See Category 1 Borescope every No additional
definition below. 500 FH maximum maintenance action
(Ref. Fig. 640) required. (Refer to
Chapter 05-20-00)
v Borescope inspection shows minor oxidation characterized by silver-grey heat
discoloration and/or initiation of dark gray spotting.
v Hairline axial crack(s) may appear in the thermal barrier coating, may be seen located
in the center and/or at the trailing edge area of the shroud segment
NOTE: Witness marks from slight HPT blade tip rubbing are acceptable.
If major rubbing is present, refer to Category 5.
3 See Category 3 Borescope every Borescope every
definition below. 200 FH maximum 500 FH maximum
(Ref. Fig. 641) (Ref. Fig. 641)
v Borescope inspection shows curling and/or oxidation. The oxidation is characterized by
heat discoloration, ranging from silver-grey to dark-grey.
v Thermal barrier coating with partial coating delamination and/or multiple small or long
axial cracks, located at the center and/or trailing edge area of the shroud segment.
NOTE: 1. Witness marks from slight HPT blade tip rubbing are acceptable. If major
rubbing is present, refer to Category 5.
NOTE: 2. To keep an engine in service after components have deteriorated, more

than the recommended economical criteria, can possibly increase the cost
of subsequent repairs refurbishment because of the adverse effect on

72-00-00 Page 690
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
TABLE 606, Maintenance summary for HP Turbine Shroud Segment (Cont’d)

4 See Category 4 Replace within Borescope every
(Ref. Fig. 642) Ref. Fig. 643)
v Borescope inspection reveals curling and/or partial loss of thermal barrier coating.
v Complete loss of thermal barrier coating.
v Erosion/oxidation within the limits shown in the Figure 642 or Figure 643.
NOTE: 3. Operating the engine with burnt areas on the shroud segments, in excess
of the maximum allowable limits, will damage the turbine support case
(cracking and burning of the HP shroud attachment rim);
an HSI is recommended for economic reasons.
NOTE: 4. Eroded / oxidized shroud segments are normally located around bottom dead
center (BDC). Erosion/oxidation of the HP shroud front area results in the rim
becoming thin (knife edge), and causes the gap between two adjacent
shroud segments to increase.
NOTE: 5. Completely missing thermal barrier coating may be difficult to see through
borescope unless when compared to adjacent shrouds that are not missing
coating. Visually check for increased tip clearances over individual shrouds,
steps at adjacent shroud ends, and/or darker and rougher surface texture
across entire
shroud length.
NOTE: 6. If major rubbing is present, refer to Category 5.
NOTE: 7. Immediate removal is required if the borescope inspection of downstream

rotating components shows evidence of debris impact. Borescope inspection
is to be carried out prior returning to service.
NOTE: 8. To keep an engine in service after components have deteriorated, more than
the recommended economical criteria, can possibly increase the cost of
subsequent repairs/refurbishment because of the adverse effect on

72-00-00 Page 691
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
TABLE 606, Maintenance summary for HP Turbine Shroud Segment (Cont’d)

5 See Category 5 Replace within Replace within
(Ref. Fig. 644) (Ref. Fig. 644)
v Borescope inspection reveals major rubbing with curling and/or partial loss of thermal
barrier coating.
v Complete loss of thermal barrier coating and erosion through shroud segment parent
material.
v Heavy erosion/oxidation as shown in the reference figure.
v Shroud segment trailing edge may also be completely missing, exposing the
turbine support case attachment rim.
NOTE: 9. Completely missing thermal barrier coating may be difficult to see through
borescope unless when compared to adjacent shrouds that are not
missing coating. Visually check for increased tip clearances over individual
shrouds, steps at adjacent shroud ends, and/or darker and rougher surface
texture across entire shroud length.
NOTE: 10. Operating the engine with the shroud segments in excess of the maximum
allowable limits described above will damage the turbine support case
(cracking and burning of the HP shroud attachment rim).
NOTE: 11. Immediate removal is required if the borescope inspection of downstream

rotating components shows evidence of debris contact. Borescope
inspection is to be carried out prior returning to service.
NOTE: 12. To keep an engine in service after components have deteriorated, more
than the recommended economical criteria, can possibly increase the
cost of subsequent repairs/refurbishment because of the adverse effect
on downstream components.
NOTE: 1. Refer to Para. A. for additional HSI recommendations.
NOTE: 2. The presence of hot streaks can result in wide variation of shroud deterioration on any
one engine. Therefore, it is necessary to inspect the entire shroud circumference to
determine the worst condition. The presence of burnt HP vanes may help locate shrouds
that are in a more advanced state of deterioration.
NOTE: 3. The presence of material transfer on the shroud segment is acceptable as long as the
engine performance remains within limits.
F. LP Turbine Stator (Ref. Fig. 645, 646 and 647).

72-00-00 Page 692
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(a) Trailing edges with up to 0.250 in. (6.350 mm) of material missing and wide
open cracks are permitted. However, as only cracks can be repaired, keeping
the engine in service may increase HSI cost.
(b) Burnt areas of the LP stator vanes produce an increase in flow area, decrease
LP compressor speed (NL) and increase ITT/T6. This condition is to be
inspected as per the following:
1 Providing that no LP stator vane is completely burnt through (Ref. Fig.

647), if one or more vane is partially burnt through, a borescope
inspection interval of 500 FH is recommended.
2 Engine removal is recommended with in 50 hours if one or more vane of

the LP stator is completely burnt through (Ref. Fig. 647). Continued
operation will cause an aerodynamic pulse excitation to the LP turbine
blades. This causes high cycle fatigue (HCF) and possible blade fracture
and extensive damage to downstream components.
Perform a non-destructive test on LP turbine blades (Refer to the Overhaul
Manual (72-00-00, Light Overhaul/Unscheduled Removal-
Turbomachinery)).
NOTE: To keep an engine in service after components have deteriorated

more than the recommended economical criteria can possibly
increase the cost of subsequent repairs/refurbishment.
G. LP Turbine Blades
(a) The condition of LP turbine blade airfoils and tips is critical to obtain rated
power. Most significant blade tip defects (rubs and oxidation), seen using a
borescope, increase interturbine temperature (ITT/T6) toward the maximum
acceptance limit (Ref. Adjustment/Test). Even if ITT/T6 is below the maximum
limit an HSI is recommended for economic reasons if defects are beyond the
limits shown in Figure 648. Alternately, defects shown in Figure 648 are
acceptable, providing their condition is monitored by further borescope
inspections and power assurance check (Ref. Adjustment/Test). Subsequent
inspections must be carried out at intervals which must not exceed 600 flight
hours. If defects are in excess of those shown in Figure 649, an HSI is
recommended to be carried out.
(b) Airfoil core corrosion can be seen as blistering or erosion on the convex or
concave side of the blade (usually near the tip at the leading edge). This
condition is unacceptable, and the disk assembly must be replaced within 50
flight hours.
NOTE: Refer to Para. A. for additional HSI recommendations.
(2) The LP Turbine blades can continue in service, providing they meet the following
criteria (Ref. Fig. 650):

72-00-00 Page 693
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LEADING EDGE
TRAILING EDGE
H.P.T. SHROUD SEGMENT ON BENCH
TRAILING EDGE
H.P.T. BLADE
H.P.T. SHROUD
SEGMENT
LEADING EDGE
LEADING EDGE BORESCOPE VIEW IN THE ENGINE

H.P.T. BLADE
C75121
HPT Shroud Segments - Category 1


72-00-00 Page 694
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LEADING EDGE LEADING EDGE
TRAILING EDGE TRAILING EDGE
LEADING EDGE LEADING EDGE
TRAILING EDGE TRAILING EDGE
C88430A

72-00-00 Page 695
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
TRAILING
EDGE
H.P.T. BLADE
H.P.T.
SHROUD
SEGMENT
LEADING EDGE
LEADING
EDGE BORESCOPE VIEW IN THE ENGINE
H.P.T. BLADE
C75124


72-00-00 Page 696
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CRACK LEADING EDGE
MINOR OXIDATION
TRAILING EDGE
C88431

72-00-00 Page 696A
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LEADING EDGE
TRAILING EDGE
LEADING EDGE
TRAILING EDGE
LEADING EDGE
TRAILING EDGE
C98171


72-00-00 Page 696B
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LEADING
EDGE
HEAVY OXIDATION
MATERIAL MISSING
NUMEROUS CRACKS
TRAILING
EDGE
C75128

72-00-00 Page 696C
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LEADING EDGE CRACKS
TRAILING EDGE OXIDATION
C88432


72-00-00 Page 696D
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LEADING EDGE
TRAILING EDGE LEADING EDGE
TRAILING EDGE
C98188

72-00-00 Page 696E
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
H.P.T. SHROUD
H.P.T. BLADE TIP PARTIAL THERMAL BARRIER

COATING DELAMINATION
C88425


72-00-00 Page 696F
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CURLING / EROSION
TRAILING
LEADING EDGE
EDGE
CURLING / EROSION
VIEW B
C88424

72-00-00 Page 696G
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
HPT BLADE TIP
THERMAL BARRIER LONG CRACK
HPT SHROUD SEGMENTS BORESCOPE VIEW IN THE ENGINE
C110982


72-00-00 Page 696H
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
MISSING
CRACK LEADING EDGE COATING
TRAILING EDGE
H.P.T. SHROUD SEGMENT ON THE BENCH
C88433
HPT Shroud Segments - Category 4, 14 Shroud Segment Configuration

72-00-00 Page 696I
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LEADING EDGE
TRAILING EDGE LEADING EDGE
TRAILING EDGE
C98189


72-00-00 Page 696J
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
EROSION / OXIDATION
0.250 IN.
(6.35 MM)
MAX.
0.250 IN.
(6.35 MM)
MAX.
ADJOINING SEGMENTS
VIEW A
EROSION / OXIDATION
A
C32405B

72-00-00 Page 696K
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
HPT BLADE TIP
DELAMINATED THERMAL BARRIER COATING
HPT SHROUD SEGMENTS BORESCOPE VIEW IN THE ENGINE
C110981


72-00-00 Page 696L
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
C132884
Figure 643

72-00-00 Page 696M
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
H.P.T. BLADE H.P.T. BLADE TIP

LEADING EDGE
CRACK
H.P.T.
BLADE TIP
RUBBING
HEAVY
OXIDATION
BORESCOPE VIEW IN THE ENGINE
C88435


72-00-00 Page 696N
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LEADING EDGE
TRAILING EDGE
C98190

72-00-00 Page 696O
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
TRAILING EDGE
1.4 INCH APPROX.
LEADING EDGE
1.0 INCH APPROX.
C107964
LP Turbine Stator - Borescope Inspection Reference Points

Figure 645

72-00-00 Page 696P
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
BORE SCOP E
0.375 IN
REF. DIM FOR
BORESCOPE
C107975
LP Turbine Vane - Borescope Inspection Reference Dimension
Figure 646

72-00-00 Page 696Q
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
ENGINE REMOVAL IS RECOMMENDED WITH IN 50 HOURS IF YOU SEE ONE OR MORE VANE OF THE LP STATOR BURNT.
CONTINUED OPERATION WILL CAUSE AN AERODYNAMIC PULSE EXCITATION TO THE LP TURBINE BLADES. THIS
CAUSES HIGH CYCLE FATIGUE (HCF) AND POSSIBLE BLADE FRACTURE AND EXTENSIVE DAMAGE TO DOWNSTREAM
COMPONENTS.
C134760
LP Turbine Stator Airfoil Damage

Figure 647

72-00-00 Page 696R
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(a) area a (airfoil): a maximum of three nicks, dents or pits 0.003 in. (0.07 mm)
deep maximum.
(b) area b (leading edge): a maximum of one nick, dent or pit 0.005 in. (0.12 mm)
deep maximum.
NOTE: Area b includes an area 0.100 in. (2.54 mm) wide from the leading
edge.
(c) area c (trailing edge): a maximum of one nick, dent or pit 0.005 in. (0.12 mm)
deep maximum.
NOTE: Area c includes an area 0.100 in. (2.54 mm) wide from the trailing
edge.
(d) area d (root area): a maximum of one nick, dent or pit 0.005 in. (0.12 mm)
deep maximum.
NOTE: Area d includes an area 0.100 in. (2.54 mm) wide from the platform
surface.
(e) area e (leading edge tip): erosion up to a 0.025 in. (0.63 mm) tip radius.
H. First- and Second-stage Power Turbine Vanes
(a) Damaged areas on the first-stage and/or second-stage PT stator (vane)

produce an increase in flow area which increases LP compressor speed (NL) and
lowers interturbine temperature (ITT/T6). Providing NL stays within limits or
the engine does not surge, there is no need to change the stator(s) irrespective
of the amount of damage, unless the structural integrity of the vanes is
affected (e.g. wide open cracks, excessive foreign object damage (FOD) and
missing or burnt material are unacceptable) (Ref. Table 607).

72-00-00 Page 697
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
HEAVY RUBBING AND BURNT

MATERIAL ACCEPTABLE
PROVIDING ENGINE PERFORMANCE
IS WITHIN LIMITS
TRAILING EDGE
LEADING EDGE
COATING LOSS
NOTE: THE ABOVE DEFECTS ARE ACCEPTABLE FOR FURTHER

SERVICE. THE EXTENT OF THE DEFECT(S) MUST BE
RECORDED AND MONITORED BY ADDITIONAL BORESCOPE
INSPECTIONS.
C32423A
LP Turbine Blade - Acceptable Damage May Be Repairable By Blade Tip Grinding

Figure 648

72-00-00 Page 698
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
0.800 IN.
0.500 IN.
(20.32 MM)
(12.7 MM) 0.250 IN. BURNT OR MISSING
OR 36% (6.35 MM) MATERIAL
OR 31%
BLISTERING OR EROSION
CAUSED BY CORE CORROSION
0.250 IN.
(6.35 MM)
OR 18%
LEADING EDGE TRAILING EDGE

1.400 IN.
(35.56 MM)
APPROX
EROSION,
BURNT MATERIAL
OR FOREIGN OBJECT
DAMAGE (FOD) BLISTERING
CAUSED BY
CORROSION
NOTE: INDIVIDUAL DEFECTS EXCEEDING THE ABOVE

LIMITS ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE. SEE PARA.1 (a)
FOR RECOMMENDED SERVICE ACTION. THE
DIMENSIONS CANNOT BE ACCURATELY
MEASURED WHEN USING A BORESCOPE
THERFORE THE EXTENT OF THE DAMAGE
MAY BE ESTIMATED AS A PERCENTAGE OF
AIRFOIL TIP LENGTH AND TRAILING EDGE
HEIGHT.
C32424C
LP Turbine Blade - Non-repairable Damage
Figure 649

72-00-00 Page 698A
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
a
TRAILING EDGE
LEADING c
EDGE
e 0.100 in.
WIDE
A (2.54 mm)
b d
DETAIL C 0.100 in.
(2.54 mm)
WIDE
VIEW A
C71325
LP Turbine Blade Visual Inspection

Figure 650

72-00-00 Page 698B
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
TABLE 607, Power Turbine Vane inspection limit
Non-converging hairline cracks Acceptable

Leading edge crack length ≤ 0.250 in. Acceptable (if non-consecutive)
(6.35 mm).
Leading edge crack length > 0.250 in. If quantity ≤ 5 consecutive If quantity > 5 consecutive
(6.35 mm). Acceptable Replace within 500 FH
Trailing edge crack length ≤ 0.400 in. Acceptable for any quantity if non-consecutive
(10.16 mm).
Trailing edge crack length > 0.400 in. If quantity ≤ 5 consecutive If quantity > 5 consecutive
(10.16 mm). Acceptable Replace within 500 FH
Inner shroud with crack extending on Repeat borescope inspection within 300 FH
the vane ≤ 0.400 in. (10.16 mm).
Inner shroud with crack extending on Replace within 500 FH maximum

the vane > 0.400 in. (10.16 mm) or
combined with converging crack on vane.
Maximum of 5 nicks or dents per vane Acceptable
≤ 0.020 in. (0.50 mm) deep.
≤ 0.100 sq. in. (64.51 sq. mm) area.
Excess of 5 nicks or dents per vane Replace within 500 FH maximum
v Exceeding 0.020 in. (0.50 mm) deep.

v Exceeding 0.100 sq. in.
(64.51 sq. mm) area.
NOTE: If open cracks more than 0.020 in. (0.50 mm) are observed, replace within 500 FH.
I. First- and Second-stage Power Turbine (PT) Blades
(1) Inspection Criteria (Ref. Fig 651).
(a) An engine may be returned to service after PT blade fracture(s) providing:
1 The inspection required to determine if vibration produced by PT blade

fracture(s) was sufficient to cause secondary damage requiring return
of the engine to an overhaul facility detailed in 72-03-00, INSPECTION/CHECK
is carried out.
2 The Power Turbine Rotating Balancing Assembly is replaced before the

first engine run.

72-00-00 Page 698C
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(b) Increased tip clearance of the first- and second-stage PT blades decreases LP
compressor speed (NL), increases HP compressor speed (NH) and interturbine
temperature (ITT/T6). If these parameters stay within limits, there is no need
to change the PT assembly irrespective of the amount of damage, providing the
structural integrity of the components is not affected (e.g. cracks, missing
material, excessive foreign object damage (FOD) or blade distortion are
unacceptable).
(c) Corrosion seen as pitting or coating loss is acceptable for continued services
(Ref. Fig 651).
1 If corrosion of the airfoil base material (seen as blistering), is found, the

disk assembly must be replaced within 50 flight hours.
11. Gear Teeth Inspection
A. Local gear teeth spalling covering less than 60% of the gear teeth length and/or frosting
is acceptable.
B. Inspection Criteria for the RGB First-Stage Helical and Input Shaft (Ref. to Fig. 652)
Category 1:
No visible deterioration, no subsequent borescope inspection required.
Category 2:
Local gear teeth spalling covering less than 60% of the gear teeth length and/or frosting
is acceptable.
Subsequent borescope inspection interval: 500 hours maximum.
Category 3:
Gear teeth spalling covering over 60% of the gear teeth length and/or light pitting.
Subsequent borescope inspection interval: 250 hours maximum.
Chip detector monitoring interval: 30 hours maximum.
Category 4:
Severe pitting or presence of a visible wear step at the limit of the gear teeth contact
with the mating gear.
Unserviceable condition requiring module removal within 50 hours maximum.
Chip detector monitoring interval: daily or 10 hours maximum.
Category 5:
Missing gear tooth segment.
Unserviceable condition requiring immediate module removal.

72-00-00 Page 698D
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CORROSION PITTING / COATING LOSS BLISTERING CONDITION / NOT ACCEPTABLE

ACCEPTABLE CONDITION REPLACE BLADE WITHIN 50 FHR
C106030
First and Second Stage Power Turbine Blades - Inspection Criteria
Figure 651

72-00-00 Page 698E
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
C. Acceptable Inspection Criteria for all other parts

(a) Small clusters of spalling at one extremity of the tooth width or in a narrow
band along the tooth on less than 1⁄2 tooth length. Refer to Figure 653 to
determine acceptable accessory gearbox angle drive gear teeth spalling.
(b) Light shallow scoring.
NOTE: Presence of scoring usually indicates poor lubrication. Check gear

regularly once scoring is evident. If condition worsens, investigate
associated oil nozzle.
(c) Discoloration.
NOTE: Discoloration usually indicates poor lubricating and may lead to

scoring, then spalling. Check gear regularly. If condition worsens,
investigate associated oil nozzle.
(d) Incorrect tooth contact pattern.
NOTE: 1. Ideal tooth contact is a centrally-located strip on face of tooth. Any

deviation is caused by incorrect tooth contact.
NOTE: 2. Incorrect tooth contact pattern may lead to spalling because

pressure surfaces between teeth are either concentrated on a
smaller area along teeth width and/or off-center along depth. Check
gear regularly.
D. Non-acceptable Conditions for all other parts
NOTE: Replace affected module (RGB or Turbomachinery) if any non-acceptable

condition is evident.
(a) Spalling in a narrow band along whole width of tooth root or dispersed
throughout contact area.
(b) Deep scoring (root/tip direction) across tooth contact surface.
(c) Rough tooth contact surface due to excessive wear, with raised material at
tooth extremities.
12. Cracks in Turbine Support Case Inner Wall
A. Cracks in the turbine support case inner wall, found when carrying out a borescope
inspection of the LP turbine blades and first-stage power turbine stator (Ref. Fig.
654), are acceptable providing:
(1) Crack length does not exceed 4.0 in. (101.6 mm).
(2) Not more than 6 cracks are found.
(3) There are no cracks on the same side of adjacent bosses (Ref. Fig. 654, Sheet 3).
(4) Cracks are recorded (Ref. Table 608).
(5) An additional inspection of the affected area is carried out at an interval not to
exceed 300 flight hours.

72-00-00 Page 698F
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CATEGORY 2 − ACCEPTABLE CONDITION
C153519
RGB Borescope Inspection Criteria

72-00-00 Page 698G
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
LIGHT PITTING
CATEGORY 3 − ACCEPTABLE CONDITION
C153520


72-00-00 Page 698H
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CATEGORY 4 − UNACCEPTABLE CONDITION REQUIRING MODULE REMOVAL WITHIN 50 HOURS MAX.
C153522

72-00-00 Page 698I
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
VISIBLE WEAR STEP
CATEGORY 4 − UNACCEPTABLE CONDITION REQUIRING MODULE REMOVAL WITHIN 50 HOURS MAX.
C153523


72-00-00 Page 698J
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CATEGORY 5 − UNACCEPTABLE CONDITION − ENGINE REMOVAL
C153524

72-00-00 Page 698K
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
DETAIL B
DETAIL A
C62117
Accessory Gearbox Angle Drive Gears - Unacceptable Teeth Spalling

Figure 653

72-00-00 Page 698L
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(6) Subsequent inspections are done at intervals depending on the rate of increase
and level of deterioration seen, but not later than 300 flight hours.
TABLE 608, Turbine Support Case - Crack Record
Length/ Length/ Length/ Length/ Length/ Length/ Length/

Boss Flight Flight Flight Flight Flight Flight Flight
Location Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
NOTE: No. 1 boss TDC and remaining bosses are numbered counterclockwise from rear of
engine.
13. Cracks in Gas Generator Case Firewall Support Ring
NOTE: Cracks extending into the continuous seam of spot weld (original support ring) and
cracks extending through the tack welds (repaired gas generator support ring), may
propagate through the gas generator case wall. The consequences of a crack
through the gas generator case wall is that the case will be non-repairable at next
overhaul or major refurbishment. The decision to remove the engine or continue in
service should be based on Operator experience and economic considerations.
A. Visual Inspection
(1) Visually inspect firewall support ring for cracks as follows:
(a) Cracks radiating outwards from bolt holes are acceptable.
(b) Circumferential cracks adjacent to the weld are acceptable.
v The breaking away of small areas of the ring is acceptable or loose pieces of
the ring can be cut away and discarded provided there is a minimum of
2.0 in. (50.80 mm) of material on each side of any support brackets, installed
on the firewall support ring.

72-00-00 Page 698M
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
a
A
THERMOCOUPLE
BOSSES
C32863
Turbine Support Case Inner Wall - Inspection


72-00-00 Page 698N
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
4 IN. (101.6 mm) MAX 3.8 IN. (96.52 mm)

(TYP) (TYP)
AREA a
AREA a
AREA a
C32861

72-00-00 Page 698O
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
AREA a
AREA a
C32862


72-00-00 Page 698P
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(c) Axial cracks are acceptable provided that:
1 The breaking away of small areas of the ring, in the portion resting on the
gas generator case is acceptable.

72-00-00 Page 698Q/698R

Pw100 Borescope - Recurrent and Hightlight

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PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA

Special tools are identified in procedural text by part number in parentheses.

Tool No. Name

4. Fixtures, Equipment and Supplier Tools

P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

Refer to (Chapter 05-20-00, SCHEDULED INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE INTERVALS).

6. Rotor Components - Service Life

7. Engines with Defects Outside Specified Limits

Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp.

P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

8. Low Pressure and High Pressure Impellers - Foreign Object Damage

NOTE: 4. Inspection of the LP impeller may be carried out by a qualified technician

(2) Tools and Materials Required

(3) Blending Procedure

CAUTION: INSPECT HP IMPELLER BEFORE REWORKING DAMAGED LP

2 Leading edge tip damage - cut triangularly (Ref. View E).

P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

NOT ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE

AREA Cc & H − BLEND LIMITS

P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

DISTANCE BETWEEN ADJACENT BLENDS MERGED BLENDS

LP Impeller - Inspection (Full and Splitter Vanes)

P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

Airfoil Tip - Bent Damage (Typical) C100507A

P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

TABLE 601, LP Impeller Inspection (Full and Splitter Vanes)

Area Area Name Inspection Limits

P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

TABLE 601, LP Impeller Inspection (Full and Splitter Vanes) (Cont’d)

Area Area Name Inspection Limits

NOTE: 1. Except for FOD damage causing engine surge or unusual

NOTE: 2. A dent is surface damage without sharp edges. A nick is surface

NOTE: 3. Nicks or dents must be blended if raised material or tears are

NOTE: 4. Serviceable and blend repaired nicks or dents must be

NOTE: 5. Serviceable and blend repaired nicks or dents must be

7 Rework along and parallel to leading edge, when finish blending.

9 No tool marks or grooves are permitted after rework.

10 Round bottom of blend.

11 To ensure the amount of rotor unbalance is minimized, after rework,

NOTE: For triangular cuts, multiply length by depth and divide by 2.

P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

(i.e. length x depth / 2).

(a) Bent airfoil tip can be cut triangularly provided that:

1 Engine generating unusual noises (whining) as a result of a bent airfoil tip

3 A visual inspection using 10X magnification glass or a borescope is

P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

AREA A (Vane tip) or

P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

AREA A (Vane tip) or

The engine must be scheduled for removal in less than 10 hours.

P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

HP Impeller - Example of a Dent

P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

HP Impeller - Example of a Tear

P&WC Proprietary Information. Subject to the restrictions on the title page.

CAUTION: THE BORESCOPE IS FRAGILE AND VULNERABLE TO RADIATION,

CAUTION: HEAT CAN DAMAGE THE BORESCOPE. ENGINE TEMPERATURE

CAUTION: DO NOT SUBMERGE IN LIQUID.

NOTE: If required, a camera (PWC34960-201) may be used to photograph the

B. Side-viewing Adapter (Ref. Fig. 606)