SPACING OR RIVETS OR BOLTS:

RI
FORMULA: S=
VQ

Problem 2: The combination section shown consists of a W 600 x

125 and a channel C 300 x 31.

Properties of W 600 x 125

A = 15,935 mm2 Ix = 986 x 106 mm4 Iy = 39 x 106 mm4

d = 610 mm bf = 229 mm
tf = 20 mm tw = 12 mm

Properties of C 300 x 31

A = 3829 mm2 Ix = 53.7 x 106 mm4 Iy = 1.6 x 106 mm4

d = 300 mm bf = 75 mm x = 18 mm
tf = 13 mm tw = 7 mm

The beam is subjected to a uniformly distributed load( wt of

beam included ) of 20 kN/m on its entire simple span of 8 m and a
moving load P in kN.

1. Compute the moment of inertia at the neutral axis.

2. Compute the load P based on bending if the allowable bending

stress is Fbx = 186 MPa.

3. If the W shape and C shape are joined by 2 – 20 mm rivets

spaced at 150 mm on center longitudinally throughout the length,
compute the value of P if the allowable shear stress in the rivets
is Fv = 100 MPa.

COMPOSITE BEAM:
- beams composed of a W shape and a Reinforced
concrete slab.

Transformed Area Concept

A method of transforming a non – homogeneous section to an
equivalent homogeneous section is called the Transformed Area Concept. In
reinforced concrete, the section of steel and concrete is transformed into a
homogeneous section of concrete by replacing the actual steel area with an
equivalent area of concrete.
Es
The modular ratio( n ): n=
Ec
This value indicates how many times the steel is stronger
compared to concrete.
fs
Stresses relation: fs = nfc or fc =
n

1
Area relation: Ac = nAs or As = Ac/n

Types of Composite Beam:

1. Non – encased members

2. Totally encased members

For non – encased members:

The effective flange width, b, shall not exceed

1. ¼ of the span
2. spacing between beams

Method of Construction:

1. Shored Construction
2. Unshored Construction

Problem: A non – encased section for a simple span beam shown in

Figure ST – 218 has a 100 mm concrete slab weighing 23.6 kN/m with
f ’c = 20.7 MPa, Fy = 248 MPa, E = 200 GPa. W 18 x 35 is used and
shoring is used during construction.
Properties of W 18 x 35 Loads
Wt. = 52 kg/m Live Load = 5.76 kPa
A = 6645 mm2 Ceiling Load = 0.48 kPa
d = 450 mm Partition = 0.72 kPa
tf = 10.9 mm Modular ratio, n = 9
tw = 7.57 mm
Ix = 212.3 x 106 mm4
Sx = 943.9 x 103 mm3

A B

C D

E F

G H

I J
Figure ST –218

2
1. Compute the stress of steel.
2. Compute the stress of concrete after concrete hardens.
3. Compute the stress of steel and concrete after concrete hardens if it
is unshored construction.