INTRODUCTION OF FLOWER

FLOWER:
“A flower is the reproductive structure of flowering plants
(angiosperms) comprising sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. It
attracts pollinators, facilitates fertilization, and leads to seed and fruit
formation, ensuring the continuation of plant species.”
PARTS OF FLOWER:
Sepals:
These are the outermost parts of the flower, usually green and
protective in nature.

Petals:
These are often colorful and fragrant, serving to attract pollinators
like insects and birds.

Stamens:
These are the male reproductive organs, consisting of anthers
(where pollen is produced) and filaments (which support the anthers).

Carpels (or pistils):

These are the female reproductive organs, comprising ovaries
(where ovules are produced), styles (which connect the ovaries to the
stigmas), and stigmas (receptive surfaces for pollen).
TYPE OF FLOWERS:
Complete vs. Incomplete Flowers:
 Complete flowers have all four main parts (sepals, petals,
stamens, and carpels).
 Incomplete flowers lack one or more of these parts.
Perfect vs. Imperfect Flowers:
 Perfect flowers have both male and female reproductive organs
(stamens and carpels) in the same flower.
 Imperfect flowers have either stamens or carpels, but not both,
and may be male (staminate) or female (pistillate).
Monoecious vs. Dioecious Flowers:
 Monoecious flowers have separate male and female flowers on
the same plant.
 Dioecious flowers have male and female flowers on different
plants.
Actinomorphic vs. Zygomorphic Flowers:
 Actinomorphic flowers have radial symmetry, meaning they can be
divided into equal halves in multiple planes.
 Zygomorphic flowers have bilateral symmetry, meaning they can
be divided into two equal halves only along one plane.
Inflorescence Types:
 Flowers can also be classified based on their arrangement on the
stem, such as solitary flowers, spikes, racemes, panicles, umbels,
and cymes.
Specialized Flowers:
 Some flowers have specialized structures for specific pollinators,
like tubular flowers for hummingbirds or flowers with landing
platforms for bees.
STRUCTURE OF FLOWER