The concept of entrepreneurship in Kurdish

The concept of entrepreneurship is basically linguistically composed of two

compound words: “pioneer” and “work” which means to be initiative in a
work.

Linguistic basis and history of its emergence

The word entrepreneurship is derived from the French word entreprendre
which means to start doing something. The French-Irish economist Richard
Cantillon first defined entrepreneurship. On the other hand, the French
economist Jean-Baptiste believes that the word entrepreneurship was first
used in the 19th century. According to some historical sources, the word
entrepreneurship was first discovered in 1730 in the manuscripts of Richard
Cantillon.

Reasons of entrepreneurship development

There are several factors that have led to the development of
entrepreneurship activities in most countries, which can be summarized as
follows:
First: technological advances allow small companies to take advantage of
the economies of previously large companies.
Second: government policies have led to more attention to
entrepreneurship projects, which means government support for small
projects.
Third: the high unemployment rate in recent years.

Entrepreneurship in the 21st century

In the 20th century and later, especially in the 21st century, much attention
has been paid to entrepreneurship, especially in the advanced
industrialized countries, and has more or less spread to the developing
countries. In today’s world, universities, academic and research centers
have paid special attention to this field. In this regard, it is necessary for
Kurdish individuals in all educational institutions, especially teachers and
university students to have a clear understanding of this concept, have a
proper awareness in educating the next generation on the importance and
basic principles of leadership. On the other hand, in this rapid development
of the world of science and technology, the Kurdish individual cannot be left
behind, or deprived of the benefits of the content of the world of
entrepreneurship.

Fundamental change in understanding of the concept of

entrepreneurship
Historically, entrepreneurship has gone in many different directions and
stages, and in each era has been defined differently, so there is no
consensus on a single definition that defines all concepts, but the concept
of entrepreneurship changed radically after Joseph Schumpter gave the
word bringing in the year in 1934, he believed that entrepreneurship must
involve innovation. He believed that pioneering works to break down old
ways and replace innovation.

Contemporary definition of entrepreneurship

In the 21st century, entrepreneurship is defined as the continuous search,
creation and evaluation of a job opportunity and then the creation of a small
or medium-sized business, for financial gain and economic development
and prosperity by providing jobs for individuals. Or it is an innovation in an
old business. This kind of mentality encourages creation, initiative and a
continuous process of change. The task of the entrepreneurship mentality
is to identify and welcome a number of living problems, risks and
challenges in society and use them to create a new business that has a
financial or profitable value. It can create a new product, a new service, a
new production process, a new strategy, a new way of organizing, and is
not limited to a specific field and institutions very extensively and effectively.
Leadership effectively and purposefully combines the skills of creativity,
innovation, risk taking and initiative.
Entrepreneurship direction of action
The right process of entrepreneurship is to reduce the problems of society,
identify them, find new opportunities in the midst of problems, create new
products and services and scientifically through innovative solutions or
innovation makes them the basis of a product or service that in addition to
benefits, but also brings necessary and appropriate welfare to society He
entered the market, with a entrepreneurship mentality in his background.
He entrepreneurship the dynamo, created ideas and opportunities and
brought it to a high level to serve the people, economic recovery and
increase the level of individual income.

New tasks of entrepreneurship

After the entry of innovation into the world of entrepreneurship, as George
Glider says: entrepreneurship, the world always keeps new, brings courage
to act. In addition to innovation, two other very interesting and new changes
came into being. It was emphasized that the entrepreneurship must be
long-term, that is, it can last for a long time, not like disappear after a few
years That is, products and services that are clean and environmentally
friendly or that have tried to reduce environmental pollution through these
entrepreneurship products and projects will be welcomed more specifically.

Entrepreneurship and orientation of the individual mentality

entrepreneurship gives everyone the opportunity to have new business
ideas, to use their energy and enthusiasm in a directed way. In other
words, it gives everyone a different worldview that no longer see problems
as headaches and boredom, but try to solve them The idea of work and
eventually become a successful project, because it must be known that this
is the nature of the emergence and the right path of all new products and
services that we see every day Short and easy to achieve success,
because it requires a long rest, you will reach the goal in several stages, so
it is observed that 90% of new businesses fail, because not everyone can
tolerate all the peace and rest and ups and downs. However, it should
never be forgotten that the smallest product of entrepreneurship has been
to make individuals more self-reliant. Despite all the difficulties and
challenges on the path of entrepreneurship, according to some surveys and
research of three people, two people consider entrepreneurship as the right
choice and welcome it.

The broader picture of entrepreneurship

In general, entrepreneurship is not just having a new and innovative idea,
but must follow all the other stages of practicing a new business such as
planning, mobilizing resources, managing and leading a team to a
successful business that ends with a new product or service It also plays a
significant role in promoting the world economy and expanding the world
market, in other words, it protects the market and the economy from
stagnation.

The importance of the emergence of entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship always gives renewal to all areas and aspects of life, in
addition to bringing new products and services to society, it renews old
products and services in society once again significantly and interestingly in
other words, pioneering gives a new cover and content to products and
services to adapt to the environment and conditions of the time. On the
other hand, at the individual level, it gives full awareness of how new
products and services are born Meaningful productive successful

Role and Position of Entrepreneurship in Society

The successful existence of entrepreneurships in the community is
considered to be a very lively and influential topic for several reasons that
ultimately have a direct positive impact on all sections of society. This is
because entrepreneurship can provide jobs to a very high level through the
addition of new factories, new markets and new technologies, so it directly
increases people income and economic growth and reduce the
unemployment rate that many countries suffer from this crisis.
Entrepreneurship and the development of different fields
 As a result of a successful economic recovery, it can increase and
expand services in the health، education، agriculture، engineering،
tourism sectors، and build solid and stable infrastructure. As a result،
at the individual and community level، some of the problems are
fading، and in some dimensions، it reduces the rate of crimes such as
theft، because if the individual has a job opportunity، he does not try
to think about crime and theft. It also reduces problems such as the
migration of young people to Europe significantly، because there is
no clear fact that the main reason for the migration of young people
abroad، especially Europe and the United States، is the lack of job
opportunities due to the widespread youth entrepreneurship projects.
In addition، it will lead to the development of the tourism sector، which
means that a large proportion of tourists visit the tourist sites، thus
improving the countries financial situation and increasing the number
of individual employment opportunities.
 In addition to the increased experience of working، the individual
carries a range of working and living skills، and the country is moving
further into the industrial circle، and in the long term it can compete
with neighboring countries and then the developed countries of the
United States، Europe and China. This is not surprising، as all major
industrial and economic developments have started in a few simple
steps. The environment needs a few steps to get started.
 Above all، the country is no longer at risk of food security، but relies
on domestic products for all or most of its needs، and excess
products can be sent abroad، which protects the country from turmoil
and weakness in unexpected crises.

Entrepreneurship and Environmentalism

Because of entrepreneurship, the field of environmental protection will
enter a different stage. From now on, projects that consider environmental
protection, or reduce environmental pollution by destroying similar old
projects and bringing new projects, which can both achieve the goal of
entrepreneurships. Ideas and projects that seek to reduce environmental
pollution can also be welcomed.

Entrepreneurship and its general implications

Entrepreneurship is considered one of the most powerful and influential
dynamos to direct the world towards change by launching new and useful
products. In addition, sometimes at the level of individuals or groups,
opposition and hatred against entrepreneurs is created, only in terms of
entrepreneurs have a lot of money and wealth, which may create a kind of
sensitivity and jealousy, but this is never considered the right direction
Many of the world’s most famous and successful entrepreneurs have
contributed a significant portion of their money and wealth to charities that
help the poor, sick, disabled and people with disabilities, which fills a gap in
conscience, psychology, education and economy of many people.
Therefore, entrepreneurships that benefit society and solve a problem or
create an innovation should be welcomed by all criteria.

Types of Entrepreneurship
1- Small Business Entrepreneurship
This type of entrepreneurship aims solely to provide for one or more
families financed through support from family and friends or company
loans. Close friends or family members can be brought in to work as
employees. In other words, the goal of this type of entrepreneurship is not
to become a big business and make a lot of profit. Therefore, the business
can be started by taking a loan from another company or from a particular
family. This type of entrepreneurship requires business skills such as
accounting, management and marketing. In addition to the skills of
organizing, developing, creating and managing your own business, it also
focuses on how to face business challenges and problems and master the
characteristics of a successful entrepreneur.
Examples: Retail hop, barber, fruit and vegetable shop, airline offices,
consultancy plumber, electrician, printing press, local tailor bakery, local
restaurant, freelance, graphic designer, translator, interpreter.

2- Scalable Startup Entrepreneurship

 Research underscores the need for this type. Unlike a small business
entrepreneurship, the aims is not only to make a living for one or
more families, but in order to become a brand in the future.
 You start with a small, simple project, and then there are long-term
plans.
 It is based on new ideas, adventure and the search for innovation.
 Investors provide financial support to develop the idea and project,
and such initiatives aim to make a significant difference globally
through an effective and ambitious vision.
 Examples: Amazon, McDonald’s, Facebook and Instagram.
 *It also seeks to encourage people to think and act outside. the box
by attracting investors.

3- Large Company Entrepreneurship

 Unlike the small businesses can quickly create successful projects in
large companies, such as Google, Microsoft and Samsung.
 Large companies expect to create new products and focus on a very
high standard, rather than creating new and different markets.
 There is a consistent effort to generate new ideas and projects within
the company, and even outside the company to buy original ideas.
 Their level of entrepreneurship is at its peak, and they are known as
the life cycle, because they have a tangible impact on the level of
income of individuals and society.
 Make great efforts to remain competitive in the market.
 Most companies that grow and continue to introduce new and
innovative products are those that move according to market needs
and customer preferences.
  Initiatives cannot be led and managed by inexperienced people. It
can only be pursued by advanced and experienced specialists.

4- Social Entrepreneurship
 It is a for-profit business model that seeks to make a positive impact
on social or environmental issues.
 It attempts to address social issues directly. Therefore, a social
entrepreneur is a person who seeks business opportunities that will
positively impact society or the world.
 The social entrepreneur, in addition to his efforts to bring about social
or environmental change or solve problems related to food, health or
education, is characterized by directing his efforts towards profit.

Entrepreneur terms and historical background

The word entrepreneur is originally derived from the French language, first
used in military campaigns in the 16th century. Later in the Middle Ages,
the word entrepreneur was used for someone who ran a large project, but
then the person did not take any risks, only using the available resources to
run the project. Then, in the seventeenth century, the use of the word
entrepreneur spread to architectural engineers and those who contracted
with them, such as the construction of buildings, castles and other public
works. Later, in the 18th century, the word was used for someone who did
something economically related. Therefore, we can say that the word
entrepreneur first entered the field of work in the eighteenth century. In a
radical change in the history of the word, in 1775
Richard Cantlin first used the word entrepreneur for someone who
puts himself in danger.

Definition of entrepreneur
An entrepreneur is someone who mobilize money, explores natural
resources, creates new markets, runs new businesses by introducing new
products and services. A person who, as a result of a serious search for
opportunities, tries to solve a problem through new ideas and find and
create new job opportunities in order to make a financial profit. He is a
person who has the ability to make decisions, is innovative, improves and
renews businesses. He is also able to build a business for himself. He has
many high goals, has many special skills, especially when problems and
crises arise in order to find solutions, creates new opportunities. Identifies
and exploits opportunities. By reading the market, it can constantly predict
future changes and prepare appropriately.

Characteristics of Entrepreneurs
An entrepreneur has many characteristics, some of which may be slow, but
most of which are achieved through effort. An entrepreneur may not know
that he or she possesses many of these characteristics and skills, and it is
not necessarily very difficult for a entrepreneur to possess all of them,
Some may be absent and some may be developed later, so the mentality of
an entrepreneur is distinguished from that of an ordinary person; Includes a
willingness to learn and develop other characteristics and skills in which he
feels weak, lacks awareness, or wants to delve deeper.

Memorize at least 5
the most important characteristics of an entrepreneur points
1. Likes to face challenges; He doesn't like to sit and relax
2. Commits to duties and activities; Time is very important to him, so he
implements them on time and does not delay them.
3-Initiator: He tries to be the first to notice problems and create job
opportunities.
4-Self-reliance and self-confidence: What he does think he can succeed
if people around him don't support him doesn't care.
5. Seriously involved: Does not stay away from projects and works tries
to fill gaps.
6. He always has dreams: He tries to make those dreams come true.
When he succeeds, he doesn't stop trying to achieve and create another
dream.
7. Optimistic: Always positive, does not give up in difficult times and is not
afraid of failure, but learns from it.
8. Innovative: In the smallest work in his company wants to do differently,
even in the way of management, products, services and marketing.
9. Does not give up and insists: When he plans a task, he starts working
until he reaches the final result. If there is a mistake or shortcoming, he will
fix it until the project is successful.
10. A rebellious person: Does not follow traditional ideas and activities,
often does things that say it is impossible to implement, tries to analyze
them beautifully, researches you until he finds a way to start.
11. Likes to manage: A very good and successful manager knows how to
deal with different people successfully has the ability to direct his
employees to work in a way that best achieves the company's goals.
12. He is realistic: He does not do anything that will cause his project to
fail and his assets to suffer.
13. He has a lot of energy: He does not get tired, always renews his
energy for each step and participates very actively.
14. Follows up and always investigates: although the necessary
research before starting a work, but after the implementation of each step
constantly follows up on the way the work is done until the final stage.
15. He is constantly looking for new opportunities, and new ideas, to renew
his company and take many more steps forward.
16. Can deal with uncertainty in a rational and independent manner, while
most people do not touch things that are certain.
17. Unlike most people, he takes risks, while most people avoid risks.
Although often when he sees damage to a project, he tries to find a way to
avoid this damage or minimize damage.
18. He is open-minded to new ideas. If an employee or anyone else on his
team, even outside his team, makes a suggestion or gives him an idea, he
does not reject it immediately. Instead, he thinks about it and researches it
thoroughly and then makes a final decision.
19. Has his own vision for the future, short-term and long-term goals, often
may receive proposals, but according to the vision of the company to
redesign, short-term goals for this year is clear, He knows where to get
there and how to get there.
20. He has a lot of enthusiasm, very deep attention, devotes full time to
work, a real desire in his heart that works with love, thinking for hours in a
row does not get tired and bored until he wants and does not give up.
21. Participates in competitions and uses them as an opportunity to
improve himself. Whenever a competition arises, he folds his horse,
competing with others to be first.
22. Creates opportunities in problems and crises first of all, considers
problems and crises as the best source of innovation.
23. Leadership skills, unparalleled skills in leading his team in normal and
difficult times, an encouraging person to his team employees.
24. If he fails, he gets up again and tries in other ways. He considers failure
as an attempt to learn and succeed, so no failure will ever cool him down.
25- Has the ability to satisfy and attract customers by offering the best and
latest products and services in a different way and treat them correctly,
always maintains his honesty.
26. Has the necessary and appropriate information for the market, always
follows up to be aware of the latest situations in the market, in the event of
a problem creates a new job opportunity.

Definition and concept of entrepreneurship mentality

 Thinking of an entrepreneur is different in many ways from the
thinking of an ordinary person who is not an entrepreneur or in other
words, who does not have the characteristics of an entrepreneur, so
he doesn’t bother looking for every option. Most importantly, he tries
 to be the first to feel the opportunity and take advantage of it as soon
as possible.
 The entrepreneurial mindset feels the existence of opportunities and
finds them, evaluates problems and crises and then uses them as job
opportunities and creates a successful project Therefore, the courage
and difference of the entrepreneur mentality is that he works on an
opportunity for his own benefit that is uncertain.
 The entrepreneurial mindset promotes adaptation, and innovation in a
way that meets the needs of its customers and creates change in this
way When the client ultimately benefits and solves one or more new
or old problems of the society or the environment in which he lives,
the entrepreneurial mentality is distinguished by continuing until his
project becomes a reality and profitable.

Entrepreneurial mental steps to create a product or service

First: Self-discovery: He needs to know himself accurately, his strength,
what he does, his strengths and weaknesses, and his knowledge of the
task.
Second: identifying opportunities: Identify the customer needs and
preferences, problem, and their challenges.
Third: Generation of ideas and their evaluation: Using previous
experience by using new and innovative ways to solve problems and meet
market needs, evaluate them objectively, choose the best new business
ideas.
Fourth: planning: Research and identifying resources, converting them
into business ideas and projects, preparing written research in the form of
business plans and preparing marketing and sales strategies
Fifth: Investment of capital of business and new projects: Using a
business plan to attract investors to become stakeholders and partners, in
this stage a pilot model is created to ensure the success of the product or
service.
Sixth: construction of new business: Project implementation and
development in accordance with the labor market and operational plan.
Seventh: Development: Updating based on news changes.
Eighth: Results and Products: Sale and marketing of products and
getting benefit. Move to the next challenge, sparks the beginning of
thinking of a new and innovative idea and innovation.

Memorize at least 5
Rewards of being an entrepreneur points

1-you will be the boss of your business: No one will be above you, so no
one will have authority over you, of course, this has its own pleasure.
2- Choose the team yourself: Choose people who fit your personality and
worldview and are close, which will lead to more understanding, more
comfortable team and less conflict.
3- innovation and differences: It is said that a brand is like a personality,
how no one is like anyone else, your products and services will be different
from everyone else around because of its innovation
4- A great learning experience: They don’t teach you anything but your
real business and real experience. Even if someone graduated from
college and business, you will remember and understand the lessons more
while working A new business but in reality things are not more dispersed
organized.
5- freedom in working hours: As your business manager, you determine
when to go to work, when to come back, when to have holidays, so your
work and holiday schedule is completely under your control Where to
supervise or monitor the work.
6-following the company’s vision: Meeting your customers' needs or
solving their problems will motivate you to innovate and compete with your
peers.
7-a large amount of profit: Entrepreneurs because they launch new
products and services themselves identify resources and create
opportunities can raise more money because of their unique initiatives and
have the least competition, so customers mostly return to them and buy
their products and services.
8- setting up your own office: You can make your office as small or large
as you like, inside or outside the company or at home, even when traveling,
you can do your job through technology.
9-you shouldn’t worry about promotion: Because you are the CEO of
the company do not worry about being punished or fired, you are just trying
to run your company well and continue to innovate and provide the best
products and services to customers.
10- promotes your work experiences: Year after year you will gain more
experience by working with experienced consultants and employees in your
company, which will be a good working background for the future of your
company.
11- You will enjoy the benefits of your own efforts: You will have a
special feeling that your business is on its feet and continues to grow.
12-You feel proud of your work or business
13- it encourages the use of local resources and export products
14- the development of market

Memorize at least 5
Challenges of being an entrepreneur points

1-the duties and responsibilities are multiplied

2-having less free time: Sometimes even at night on holidays، you have
to go to work because of urgent work، then you need more sacrifices to get
your company on its feet.
3- more self motivation
4- taking risks: You face a lot of financial and legal risks، sometimes you
may end up with a big failure and cause a lot of financial damage.
5-Weak internal business communication
6- Building a reputation for the company
7- considering regulation
8- leadership: You need a leadership role, especially if you have little
experience in managing people and prioritizing activities.
9- technological support
10- less profit/ income: At first it is difficult, you have to discount your
company’s products and services because you have a small number of
customers, thus making less profit.
11- having amount of money: You will need some money to start any
project, of course, depending on the size of your project.
12- hard decision
13- less quality of life at the beginning

The concept of entrepreneurship education

The concept of entrepreneurship education has been used in many
different terms. In some sources, it is called enterprise education. This term
is more common in the United States and Canada. Other sources use the
term entrepreneurship education, mostly in the UK and Ireland, and in
Sweden, Greece, Croatia, and Turkey, the term entrepreneurial learning is
used.

Memorize at least 5
Entrepreneurship definitions points

1- build and develop an individual’s ability to recognize job opportunities,

self-confidence, self-esteem, knowledge and skills.
2- Training an individual on a subject for an uncertain or uncertain future
that will eventually generate a project.
3- Support and reinforce entrepreneurship attitudes, skills and
management.
4- It is an educational process that aims to influence leadership attitudes,
behaviors and values.
5- It is the process of professionally applying knowledge, attitudes, skills
and abilities, emphasizing how to be self-reliant in work.
6- Creating and supporting a learning environment that promotes
leadership qualities and behaviors, for example, makes them creative,
innovative and independent in thinking, takes responsibility, and creates
value for diversity and differences.
7- It is an organized process that aims to build a capacity in individuals that
helps them become creative, innovative and confident for all purposeful
work.
8- it is a positive direction for the development of wealth, knowledge and
employment.
9. Paying attention to changing mentality and attitude, taking risks,
originality, imagination and changing a new and innovative idea for a job.
10. All activities that support the entrepreneurial mentality and change his
attitudes, skills and behaviors in a positive way, resulting in the creation of
a different and new business idea, project, product or service.

The scope of entrepreneurship education and the starting circle of

teaching
 In 2002 the UK government introduced citizenship education into the
curriculum for secondary schools (between the ages of II-16) with a
heavy focus on business, teamwork skills, creativity and adaptability,
social and ethical responsibility mixed with a variety of activities.
 Entrepreneurship education should begin in primary school and be
much more effective.
 activities and exercises should be designed in an entrepreneurial way
in the curriculum.
For whom is entrepreneurship education?
 It helps people who have some or many of the entrepreneurial
characteristics
 it seeks to change the mindset of the normal person and teach
entrepreneurial skills on a training basis rather than traditional
teaching.
 it is not only aimed at those who have just set up a business, but
helps everyone to identify, find and exploit various job opportunities.
 It also seeks to create and develop entrepreneurial skills in
individuals
  for those who want to get a job and continue their work with new
ideas and skills do their job efficiently.
 It also makes an intensive effort to eliminate the disconnection
between education, reality and the labor market.

The mission and purpose of entrepreneurship education

 It plays an important role in the development of entrepreneurial goals.
through activities, education and training to guide the individual who
is able to do so in the right and purposeful direction.
 There is controversy as to whether entrepreneurship itself is a talent
or is created by training.
 Some believe that an entrepreneur is born rather than created
 On the contrary, most opinions agree that entrepreneur can be
created, prepared and trained
 Entrepreneurship education can be said to be for three groups: the
first group; those with entrepreneurial skills and abilities, the second
group; they are those who do not have that ability, but have the
passion, the third group; those who have none can be created that
interest through entrepreneurship education.
 Therefore, the dominant and realistic view is that leadership is talent
and needs training. Science is an art at the same time. The best
direction is to integrate the both.

Welcoming all levels in entrepreneurship education

 Entrepreneurship education should be seriously supported at all
levels it guides every entrepreneurial work, business and project and
puts them on the right path, and individuals become people with
many excellent abilities and skills and benefits mentally and
professionally.
 It also protects existing businesses and projects from failure and
retreat and establishes them.
The entrepreneurship education revolution in academic settings
Entrepreneurship education revolutionized the academic world, introducing
many courses in academic centers and universities. Thousands of studies
have been conducted on it in most countries around the world. Introduced a
completely different strategy in how to teach subjects from all different
departments and subjects, called entrepreneurial teaching. The changes
are summarized as follows:
1. teaching lessons in theory and practice.
2. teaching lessons in such a way that students learn skills.
3. evaluate work and steps on a continuous basis, away from
traditional evaluation (not just on paper).
4. Student participation in joint projects as a team.
5. create new products and services.

Learning environment for entrepreneurship education

 Entrepreneurship education is a new approach that brings students
out of the traditional and unrealistic world of the classroom into the
reality of life and work. It prepares him and gives him a proper
awareness of world and life. students must be active and centered,
use practical learning opportunities, and learn through experience
work alongside knowledge in academic resources. Learning in this
way is efficient, meaningful and energetic, because the student takes
a lot of responsibility for learning.
 Entrepreneurial teachers need professional skills to guide students
away from traditional paths. students learn not to hide from problems,
but to look for problems in all areas of life.

Directions of entrepreneurship education:

1- Education about entrepreneurship: The aim is to create and raise
awareness for school students and the duty of many centers and trainings
to spread the awareness and culture of work to educate school and
university students, which is considered a very important step to introduce
students to the market Local and global jobs, innovations and
developments to be fully prepared for practical and realistic steps for the
future.

2- Education for entrepreneurship: we can say that the big goal of this
kind of entrepreneurship is to prepare the entrepreneurs. It attempts to get
participants to have their own ideas and work on them step by step until the
product or service is launched. Then promote, introduce and sell to
customers. All this will be done through the development of skills such as
innovation, risk-taking, and sustainability that are needed for the labor
market.

3- Education in entrepreneurship: This type of development training is for

established entrepreneurs, it trains entrepreneurs to further develop
themselves, strengthen weak skills and strengthen strong ones to keep up
with innovation and rapid changes.

The importance of entrepreneurship education:

1- Creating job opportunities: With more entrepreneurship projects, job
opportunities will increase for individuals.
2. Learning to take risks: Everything he does must be new or different, so
in most cases there is no repeated experience, so the risk of loss and
failure is greater.
3. Learning to explore and innovate: It makes students explore and think,
try new ideas to innovate products and services.
4. Changing the traditional and old mentality to an entrepreneurship
mentality: It trains the individual on deep, new and innovative ways of
thinking.
5. Better knowledge of the labor market: Learn how to make money in
the market, what the market needs, what services and products are more
welcome in the market.
6. Learn a positive attitude: It makes you always look at situations
positively, be optimistic about the future.
7- Gains expertise in how to identify the causes of failure of a project:
In the event of any failure, via research and teamwork they will try to
identify the causes of failure and find appropriate solutions.
8- Learn to manage and lead teamwork: You will learn how a team needs
effective leadership to achieve goals on time.
9- Learns optimism, perseverance and continuous effort: Working on a
project will encounter many ups and downs. Students will learn not to give
up and persevere in achieving their goals.
10- Help and teach students through the theory of planned behavior in
three steps:
First: entrepreneurial attitudes: First, there is an entrepreneurial desire,
what the person wants to do, or can do.
Second: entrepreneurial intentions: At this stage, the desire becomes a
detailed plan.
Third: entrepreneurial behaviors: At this stage, the entrepreneurial plan
is performed and becomes an entrepreneurial behavior.

Definition of an entrepreneurial student

An entrepreneurial student includes any individual at any stage of
education from primary to university and even higher education who has
entrepreneurial teacher or coach. He actively participates in all the tasks
assigned to him, and always tries to go beyond the traditional ways of
learning and thinking and break the rules and regulations that people are
used to. The goal of an entrepreneurial student it is to change the mentality
basically through entrepreneurship education wants to seriously learn many
of the abilities and skills of life and actually use them. This will have a
positive impact on social reform and family education It leaves its good
positivity.

Stages of becoming an entrepreneurial student

First: he looks at his abilities to see what he likes, what his abilities, talents
and dreams are.
Second: it creates original and new opportunities from problems through
different ideas.
Third: it promotes ideas and creates socioeconomic or cultural value.
Fourth: he does not become a wrong person, but deals with risks
intelligently through his skills and abilities.
Fifth: it understands and uses the necessary resources, such as skills,
commitment, networking, and resources for entrepreneur ideas and goals
Sixth: Puts ideas into action, plans, implements projects based on people’s
needs and problems, finds solutions and puts his plans into practice.

Directions and principles of dealing with the entrepreneurial student

An entrepreneurial student tries to deal with entrepreneurship in the
following three directions, principles and ways. He is considered a student
who has been educated on the principles and objectives of
entrepreneurship education:
1. Entrepreneurship as a mentality: The skills acquired through a
leadership education, or leadership learning tries to use them to help them
think creatively, to overcome life’s challenges, the ability to make decisions,
take responsibility and learn through mistakes. This kind of mentality is
needed by everyone, not just one person, not just an employer.
2. Entrepreneurship as a process: A dynamic process consists of several
stages, including identifying your opportunities and capabilities without
thinking about available resources. It is the beginning of promoting a new
idea that creates value for the individual company or society, then moving
the idea forward and finally putting it into practice.
3. Entrepreneurial as a way: It is a way of thinking and working based on
a set of guidelines about the mechanisms that are the source and
foundation of entrepreneurship work. This includes all things creating
change that aims to do things in a new and different way.

New roles and responsibilities of the entrepreneurial teacher

From now on, teachers are expected not to play a traditional role present a
subject to their students in a cold manner, and then assess them at the end
of the semester or year only through paper tests. When the student
graduates, he/she should be considered successful. This method of
teaching has failed and is no longer common in the environment of
industrialized and developed countries. Entrepreneurial teachers are
teachers who have a entrepreneurship mentality. Entrepreneurship is
clearly reflected in teaching, classroom activities, out-of-classroom
assignments, student assessment methods, and questions.

Countries' innovation situation and entrepreneurial teachers

 The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor has published a report in 2012
showing the state of entrepreneurship and innovation in countries,
ranking the names of 121 countries according to their innovation and
representation USA topped the list, followed by Canada, Australia,
Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Taiwan, Finland, the Netherlands
and the UK.
 Qatar ranked 24th, followed by Germany (17th), Turkey (40th),
Kuwait (44th), Norway (73rd), Egypt (95th) and Iraq (100th). This
shows the poor state of the education sector. Here, by creating and
paying attention to the training of great professional teachers, the
sense of innovation and artistry can be significantly improved.

Program strategy for the preparation and training of entrepreneurial

teachers
According to a very detailed report by the European Commission published
in 2011 on teacher training to overcome the challenges of vocational
education in most European countries, the subject of vocational education
is divided into several different topics The Teacher Training Program is a
long-term action plan consisting of four components: Initial Teacher
Education, National Support, development continuing professional, and
Local School Support. Each of these programs is designed for different
purposes. Education officials must try to force teachers to pass all levels
successfully year after year.

Memorize at least 5
points
Definition of an entrepreneurial teacher
1- It develops students’ intelligence and uses them to solve societal
problems, sometimes domestic and sometimes global. An entrepreneurial
teacher is always thinking about how to actually take advantage of all kinds
of students’ intelligence and fill the gaps in their society in the right and
appropriate way.
2- It tries to raise students’ awareness and develop their abilities in a
practical manner, which will eventually change the mentality of students
and the entire environment and society you’re crying It directs individuals
towards a specific goal.
3- Explains to students what they need to learn, why they need to learn,
how they need to learn, when and where they need to learn, and what they
need to learn It has been to analyze, evaluate and reflect them realistically.
4- Creating an entrepreneurial mentality that seriously thinks about
innovation and different ideas
5- The main task is to encourage students to think, look for change, find
and create different opportunities, and then guide them where they are Use
these opportunities in reality.

6- It tries to reach out to all fields, it wants to train students that they can
innovate in all fields. It tries to explain to students that all changes and
progress Technology, agriculture and industry in general are the products of
human experience and thought Available to be updated and improved.
7- He wants to create an entrepreneurial mentality in the minds of students,
saying that there is no final stage and stopping, but there are still many
other aspects that can be thought about and improved Rain, try to fill it with
a service or product.
8- It tries to make education a dynamo of change in all other sectors such
as health, transportation, agriculture and economy
9- He wants to teach students to think with an entrepreneurial mentality,
step by step to create opportunities, even in marketing, accounting,
management and teaching in an entrepreneurial manner be different.
10- In teaching entrepreneurship or any other subject that wants to teach
students life skills with an entrepreneurial mentality, tries to take into
account the level, stage and age of students. That is, it distinguishes
between teaching them in the way of teaching and what it teaches them.
For example, the first grade of primary school is different from the second
grade of primary school, but for university students and higher education
can teach them at a very advanced, intensive and extensive level
11- Teaching methods, all classroom activities, assessment and testing
methods are based on teaching certain skills, because as a result, students
must learn certain skills Develop more skills, rather than the teacher
viewing the student as a vehicle for information.
12- It helps students identify weaknesses and how to strengthen them, as
well as focus on their strengths.

Definition of critical thinking

Deep thinking is a process of logical thinking in which the analysis of a
situation and the facts related to it is considered from all angles, without
mixing or dominating personal biases or beliefs.

The importance and general benefits of critical thinking!

1. Today's critical thinking is an integral part of the contemporary education
system. It is considered a global and universal skill, and every profession
and field needs this skill.
2. Critical thinking not only helps solve problems, but also inspires new and
innovative ideas. "Enstain says: I'm not very smart, but I stay with
problems," therefore, it can be said to help you choose the best solution by
looking at any task or problem from all angles and perspectives.
3. Critical thinking increases expression and understanding because it
makes you think clearly. It makes you pay attention to very small things in
an objective way to cube information, and logically connect them together
to solve them in a curriculum.
4. Critical thinking increases the ability to observe and evaluate.
5. Critical thinking increases the desire to learn and understand.
6- It is a long-term learning process, making you learn things again with a
new and vivid understanding.
7. It deeply distinguishes between fact and error, making your opinions
stronger because it is based on analysis and verified information.
8. It is considered a very important factor for success in your work, in all
fields and professions, because it makes you analyze information carefully,
think outside the box, solve problems in a new direction and set a
systematic plan.
9. It makes you make better decisions, make the best choices, and be
more self-reliant.
10. It makes you build strong relationships, get different opinions on a
subject, become an open-minded person.
11. Increases the desire to explore, makes you accept diversity and
differences in thinking about how to promote work, products and projects.

The skills of critical thinking

1. Identification: The most important step in solving a problem is to identify
the problem. The purpose is not only to identify the problem, but to try to
find the source of the problem, when, how and where the problem occurred
the direction is not clear.
2. Analysis: Analysis of the data and information collected, here the
problem is divided into several simpler pieces, at this stage all team
members must participate to reach a conclusion to avoid bias.
3. Reflection: After reaching several conclusions, means several solutions
to a problem, many questions are created for a detailed analysis.
4. Evaluation: Once the approved and selected solution has been
implemented, the work is not yet complete, through several trials and
mistakes that give you more leadership clarity. Therefore, it is necessary to
constantly evaluate the treatments one by one to know clearly what the
results of each and compare with the others, until you reach the right
direction.
5.Causation: If critical thinking is an objective discussion, the importance
of causation should not be ignored, which generally relies on logic and
reason to identify the cause of the problem, this step is useful to prevent
the recurrence of problems.

Learning to work in groups

There is no doubt that building an effective and successful team is not
easy. Even if you have a great idea, but without a strong team you can not
easily achieve the goal that you are trying to do. Working in groups is a skill
that every entrepreneurial should have.

The importance and benefits of teamwork

World-famous entrepreneurs and influential figures have surprisingly
praised teamwork, as Henry Ford said: Being together is a beginning,
continuity is progress, working together is success. The benefits and
importance of teamwork can be summarized as follows:

1-Developing cooperation, creativity and innovation: Within a team,

there are a number of ideas, innovations, opinions, opportunities, different
ways to solve problems, so the goals are achieved with less effort and time.
2. Increased morale and productivity: This teamwork creates an
environment that eliminates barriers between team members as a result of
strong relationships between colleagues and employees.
3- A more favorable environment for competition: If you compete with
another team, team members will be more excited and motivated to win.
4- Increased learning opportunities: Creating an effective team and
gathering different experiences with each team member from a different
work background will lead to better ideas and the best platform for learning
There is a very broad perspective, because everyone looks at things from
their own perspective. The combination of all these perspectives increases
the number of ideas and ways to achieve success.
5- Current research shows that most successful companies started as
a team rather than an individual.
6- Divides tasks among team members and multiplies success.
7-Increased productive efficiency: When a team works together, they
learn about each other’s strengths and weaknesses and complement each
other. This creates a positive work culture and increases skills and
productivity. Work is also divided among team members, which reduces
work pressure and improves the quality of the product, work and activities
are carried out faster and better results are achieved.

Number of team members

There is no fixed number of team members, as it varies depending on the
size and nature of the project. In general, the number of team members is
not important because some people believe that the higher the number, the
higher the company’s costs Teamwork has been confirmed by many
studies, provided it goes in the right direction and has all the
characteristics.
Characteristics of team members
1- Trustworthy: This means that team members must be trustworthy and
not reveal company secrets.
2- Successful negotiation: This means that members are able to express
their views clearly and directly, respect the other person's opinion and
achieve a better outcome of the discussions.
3- Share information: Share knowledge and skills with your team so that
they can benefit directly and indirectly.
4- Flexibility(‫)نەرمونیانی‬: Must be able to adapt when the team changes
plans or assigns a new task
5-Correct each other’s mistakes, and avoid blaming each other when
mistakes happen.
6- Respect: Always and under any circumstances, he must respect his
team members and take their opinions into account to improve the work.
7-Participation: This means that the person involved in the team work
must be prepared to participate in the activities and must do their job
carefully and freely. Remember that he is a normal member of the team
alongside his friends (no different from the others).
8-Assistant: Must work seriously with team members to perform tasks in a
better way.
9-Active listener: All team members should listen to the other person's
opinions so that the other person does give constructive feedback to other
team members.
10- Coordinator: One team member should play the role of coordinator
and coordinate the work and activities of the team.

Guidelines for managing an effective team

1-Create an energetic and enthusiastic team: with different experiences
and abilities, so that they can benefit from each other’s abilities and
experiences and complement each other.

2-Communication: By building working relationships, everything goes very

well. When communication fails, everything fails, so there should be a
platform for discussion to resolve problems. Team members should be
allowed to express their opinions without fear.

3-Give clear instructions: When each team member is assigned a task,

he or she should be given clear instructions. Team members should know
their duties and responsibilities, and they should be clear about how much
time they have to complete their task.

4-Monitoring and evaluation: After identifying team members and

assigning them, the work should be closely monitored and evaluated, which
affects the way the members work freely and complete the work more
efficiently good on time.

5-Breaking down barriers. There should be a strong relationship between

the members and the board so that there is no gap between them and the
direction of their work that they are all working for the same goal. To that
end, they need to play a complementary role because in the end, success
will be for everyone.

6- Dealing with conflicts. The presence of multiple personalities, opinions,

experiences, and dreams in a place causes different goals and directions.
Therefore, conflicts are considered natural but necessary There is a wise
and capable leader who knows how to deal with these conflicts and make
them a strength for the team.
The dangers of not having an effective team
Teamwork means having a strong working relationship between team
members. Without this healthy relationship, only the name and image
remain It loses its name and main message and becomes a danger, which
we will briefly summarize in these two points:

1-Everyone works for himself, thus fragmenting the efforts and the results
will not be as planned the team leader told him not to ask anyone for help
even if he needed it. This will cause weakening the team’s communication
networks the opportunity to learn from each other is greatly reduced. In
other words, teamwork must be treated very sensitively because there is
sometimes unbalanced and unhealthy competition among team members It
happens when everyone on the team tries to take pride in their work and
successes.

2-Everyone sticks to their own ideas. Each member works only for his own
ideas without giving his team members the opportunity to give their ideas
Review, evaluate opportunities and provide necessary feedback, which will
make ideas and working methods more vague.