Law of Motion Ex-1 Q. With Sol.

LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 1
EXERCISE–1: Basic Objective Questions

ur ur
Newton’s Laws of Motion Q F = 6iˆ - 8 ˆj + 10kˆ Þ F = 6 2 + 82 + 102
1. When a bus suddenly take a turn, the passengers are ur
Þ F = 200 = 10 2 N
thrown outwards because of :
(a) speed of motion (b) inertia of motion F 10 2
Q a = 1m / s 2 Þ m = =
(c) acceleration of motion (d) none of these a 1
Ans. (b) \ mass = 10 2kg
Sol. Correct answer is option b) because of inertia body will 5. The velocity of a bullet is reduced from 200 m/s to 100 m/s
continue with constant velocity until any force act on it. while travelling through a wooden block of thickness 10
For example when bus is moving straight all passenger cm. Assuming it to be uniform, the retardation will be :
has velocity in straight line but when bus takes turn, due 4 2 4 2
to inertia passenger will still be moving in straight be- (a) 15 × 10 m/s (b) 10 × 10 m/s
4 2 2
cause no force acts on them. (c) 12 × 10 m/s (d) 14.5 m/s
2. A person swimming in a fresh water pool is obeying : Ans. (a)
(a) Newton’s second law (b) Gravitational law Sol. Motion of bullet gets decelerated while passing through
(c) Newton’s third law (d) Newton’s first law wooden block of 10 cm thickness.
Ans. (c) Initial velocity, u = 200 m/sec
Sol. According to Newton’s third law every action has an equal Final velocity, v = 100 m/sec
and opposite reaction in this case, when swimmer pushes
Distance travelled through wooden block, d = 10 cm = 0.1 m
water backwards, water will push the swimmer forward.
So, option (c) is correct. Using Newton’s equation of motion;
2 2
3. The passenger move forward when train stops, due to : Þ v = u - 2 as
(a) inertia of passenger u -v
2 2 2
200 - 100
2
4 2
Þa= = = 15 ´ 10 m / s
(b) inertia of train 2s 2 ´ 0.1
(c) gravitational pull by earth Thus retardation will be a = 15 ´ 10 m / s
4 2
(d) none of these 6. A body of mass 2 kg is moving with a velocity 8 m/s on a

Ans. (a) smooth surface. If it is to be brought to rest in 4 s. Then
Sol. Correct answer is option a) because of inertia body will the force to be applied is :
continue with constant velocity until any force act on it, (a) 7 N (b) 2 N
For example, when a train is moving, passengers also move (c) 4 N (d) 8 N
along with it. When the train stops, the lower part of the
Ans. (c)
body of the passenger comes to rest. But the upper part
of the body continues in motion because of inertia Sol. Mass of body, m = 2kg
4. A force vector applied on a mass is represented by Initial velocity, u = 8 m/s
r Final velocity, v = 0 m/s
F = 6 î - 8 ˆj + 10 k̂ and the force accelerates the mass at 1
Applying Newton’s equation of motion;
m/s2. What is the mass of the body?
Þ v = u - at
(a) 10 kg (b) 10 2 kg
Þ 0 = 8- a´ 4
(c) 2 10 kg (d) 20 kg 8 2
Þa= = 2m / s
Ans. (b) 4
Sol. By newton’s 2nd law F = ma Thus required retardation (a) is 2m/s2.
So required force to stop the body will be,
F = ma = 2 ´ 2 = 4 N
7. A body of mass 0.1 kg attains a velocity of 10 m/s in 0.1 s. Ans. (c)

The force acting on the body is: Sol. Applied force on a body is given by;
(a) 10 N (b) 0.01 N
Þ F = ma
(c) 0.1 N (d) 100 N
It always involves acceleration term. Since in the above
Ans. (a) question, car is moving with uniform velocity of 30 km/hr,
Sol. Mass of body, m = 0.1kg then car is not moving under any acceleration.
Initial velocity, u = 0 m/sec. So, net resultant force on the car will be zero.
Final velocity, v = 10 m/sec. 10. Three forces acting on a body are shown in the figure.
Time taken to reach final velocity, t = 0.1 sec. To have the resultant force only along the y–direction,
So, we can find the acceleration as; the magnitude of the minimum additional force needed is
Þv=u+at
Þ 10 = 0 + a ´ 0.1
2
Þ a = 100 m / s
Thus applied force on the body will be;

Þ F = ma = 0.1 ´ 100 = 10 N
8. The average force necessary to stop a bullet of 20 gm at a
speed of 250 m/s as it penetrates wood to a distance of
12 cm is :
6 6
(a) 2.2 × 10 N (b) 3.2 × 10 N (a) 0.5 N (b) 1.5 N
6
(c) 4.2 × 10 N
3
(d) 5.2 × 10 N (c) 4 N (d) 3 N
Ans. (a)
Ans. (d)
Sol. Forces that are acting along ox
Sol. Initial velocity of bullet, u = 250 m/s
Final velocity of bullet, v = 0 m/s
åF x =0
1cos 60 + 2 cos 60 - 4 cos 60 + F = 0
Mass of bullet, m = 20 gm
1 1 1
Penetration depth, s = 0.12 m 0 = + 2´ - 4 + F
2 2 2
Using Newton’s equation; F = 0.5 N
2 2
Þ v = u - 2 as
2
Þ 0 = 250 - 2 ´ 0.12 ´ a
2
Þ a = 260416.66 m / s
Thus average necessary force will be;
–3 3
Þ F = ma = 20 ´ 10 ´ 260416.66 = 5.2 ´ 10 N
9. When a car moves on a road with uniform speed of 30 km/
h, then the net resultant force on the car is :
(a) the driving force that drives the car in the direction of 11. When a 4 kg rifle is fired, the 10 g bullet receives an
acceleration of 3 ´ 106 cm/s2. The magnitude of the force
propagation of car acting on the rifle (in newton)is
(b) the resistive force that acts opposite to the direction (a) zero (b) 120
of propagation of car (c) 300 (d) 3000
(c) zero Ans: (c)
(d) none of the above
Sol: Using Newton’s third law, bullet will apply the same force Sol: u y = 40 m / s, Fy = -5N, m = 5 kg
in the opposite direction.
Fy
10 So, a y = = -1m / s 2
So using F = ma = ´ 3 ´ 106 ´10-2 = 300 N m
1000
\ v y = 40 - 1´ t = 0 Þ t = 40sec
12. A force F1 acts on a particle so as to accelerate it from rest
to velocity v. The force F1 is then replaced by F2 which 15. Same force acts on two bodies of different masses 3 kg
decelerates it to rest. and 5 kg initially at rest. The ratio of time required to
(a) F1 must be equal to F2 acquire same final velocity is
(b) F1 may be equal to F2 (a) 5 : 3 (b) 25 : 9
(c) F1 must be unequal to F2 (c) 9 : 25 (d) 3 : 5
(d) none of these Ans: (d)
Ans: (b) Sol: From Newton’s second law,
Sol: dp mv
F F= =
v 2 = 0 + 1 s1 ....(i) dt t
m
F mv
0 = v 2 - 2 s2 ...(ii) Þ t= Þtµm
m F
By equation (i) and (ii) (Q Final velocity and force are same)
F1s1 = F2 s 2 Given, m1 = 3 kg, m2 = 5 kg
F1 can be equal to F2 if s1 = s2. t1 m1 t1 3
ur uur uur uur uur Hence t = m Þ t = 5
13. Five forces F1 , F2 , F3 , F4 and F5 are acting on a particle of 2 2 2
mass 2.0 kg so that it is moving with 4m / s 2 in east 16. If a body loses half of its velocity on penetrating 3 cm
ur in a wooden block, then how much will it penetrate more
direction. If F1 force is removed, then the acceleration before coming to rest?
becomes 7m / s 2 in north, then the acceleration of the (a) 1 cm (b) 2 cm
ur
block if only F1 is acting will be: (c) 3 cm (d) 74 N
Ans. (a)
(a) 16 m / s 2
(b) 65 m / s 2
Sol. Let the acceleration due to retarding force exerted by
(c) 260 m / s 2 (d) 33 m / s 2 -F
Ans: (b) wooden block is a = uniform.
m
Sol: r r r r r Let, initial velocity = u and on travelling S1 = 3 cm final
F1 + F2 + F3 + F4 + F5 = 2 4iˆ i
r r r r u
and F 2 + F3 + F4 + F5 = 2 7ˆj ii velocity become due to retardation
2
r
From i and ii , F1 = 8i$ - 14$j
So,
r Qv 2 = u 2 + 2as
r F1
a1 = = 4i$ - 7$j 2
m æuö
Þ ç ÷ = u 2 - 2aS1
Þ a1 = 16 + 49 = 65m / s 2 è2ø
14. A body of mass 5 kg starts from the origin with an initial u2 3 3 u2
ur Þ - u 2 = -2aS1 Þ - u 2 = -2aS1 Þ S1 =
velocity u = (30iˆ + 40j)ms
ˆ -1
. If a constant force 4 4 8 a
ur When it stops completely final velocity = 0
F = -(iˆ + 5ˆj)N acts on the body, the time in which the y–
component of the velocity becomes zero is So, 0 2 = u 2 - 2aS 2
(a) 5 seconds (b) 20 seconds
(c) 40 seconds (d) 80 seconds
Ans: (c)
u2
Þ S2 = ....(2)
2a
S 1 8 4 4 4
Þ 2 = ´ = Þ S 2 = S1 = ´ 3cm ....(2)
S1 2 3 3 3 3
Þ S 2 = 4cm
So option (a) is correct as required distance is
Identify the correct surface profile:
S2 - S1 = 1cm .
(a) (b)
17. A ship of mass 3 × 107 kg initially at rest is pulled by a force
of 5 × 104 N through a distance of 3 m. Assuming that the
resistance due to water is negligible, what will be the speed
of the ship ?
(a) 0.1 m/s (b) 1.5 m/s
(c) (d)
(c) 5 m/s (d) 0.2 m/s
Ans. (a)
Sol. When ship is pulled by force F then its acceleration
F 5 ´10 4 Ans: (a)

a= =
m 3 ´ 107 Sol: In figure no. (a) and (c), a constant force equal to mg sinq
5 1 is required. After reaching the highest point, in case of
Þa= = m / s2 figure (c), no force is required but in case of figure (a),
3000 600
body travels on its own. In this way, figure (a) represents
Q initial speed = 0, so by v 2 = u 2 + 2 as the given F- x curve.
20. A particle moves in the xy-plane under the action of a
1 1 1 force F such that the components of its linear momentum
Þ v 2 = 02 + 2 ´ ´ 3 Þ v2 = Þv = m/s
` 600 100 10
p at any time t are p x = 2 cos t , p y = 2sin t . The angle
Þ v = 0.1 m / s
between F and p at time t is
18. A constant force acts on a body of mass 0.9 kg at rest for (a) 90°
10 s. If the body moves a distance of 250 m, the magnitude (b) 0°
of the force is
(c) 180°
(a) 3 N (b) 3.5 N (d) 30°
(c) 4 N (d) 4.5 N Ans: (a)
Ans. (d) r
Sol. Given that p = p x î + p y ˆj = 2 cos t î + 2sin t ˆj
Sol. Let the constant force magnitude is F
r dpr
F \F= = -2sin t î + 2 cos t ˆj
So acceleration a = dt
0.9
rr r r
1 2 Now, F.p = 0 i.e. angle between F and p is 90°.
Q s = ut + at
2 21. Figure shows the displacement of a particle going along
1 F the X-axis as a function of time. The force acting on the
Þ 250 = 0 ´ 10 + ´ ´ 10 2
2 0.9 particle is zero in the region
F
Þ 250 = ´100
2 ´ 0.9
500 ´ 0.9
ÞF=
100
Þ F = 4.5N
19. A person used force (F), shown in the figure to move a
load with a constant velocity on a given surface.
along x-axis.
DPx = - mv cos 60o - mv cos 60°

= - mv cos 60°´ 2
1
= - mv ´ ´ 2
2
= - mv
(a) AB (b) BC
Þ DPx = mv
(c) CE (d) DE
So average force on the wall is
Ans: (a)
Sol: In region AB and CD, slope of the graph is constant i.e. DPx mv 1 12
Favg = = = ´
velocity is constant. It means no force acting on the Dt t 2 0.25
particle in this region. Favg = 6 ´ 4 = 24 N
22. A 0.5 kg ball moving with a speed of 12 m/s strikes a hard 23. A monkey of mass 20 kg is holding a vertical rope. The
wall at an angle of 30o with the wall. It is reflected with the rope will not break when a mass of 25 kg is suspended
same speed and at the same angle, as shown in fig. If the from it but will break, if the mass exceeds 25 kg. What is
ball is in contact with the wall for 0.25 s, the average force the maximum acceleration with which the monkey can climb
acting on the wall is up along therope? (g = 10 m/s2)
2 2
(a) 25 m/s (b) 2.5 m/s
2 2
(c) 5 m/s (d) 10 m/s
Ans. (b)
Sol. Force required to break the rope,
T = mg
= 25 ´ 10
= 250 N
According to Newton’s law
(a) 96 N (b) 48 N
T = F +W
(c) 24 N (d) 12 N
T = ma + mg
Ans. (c)
250 = 20 a + 10
Sol.
250
a= - 10
20
a = 2.5ms -2
24. Assertion : Sportsman runs some distance before taking
a long jump.
Reason : Because of inertia body remains in state of motion
or rest.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans. (a)
No change in linear momentum component parallel to wall
Sol. Because of inertia body will continue with constant
along y-axis DPy = 0 velocity or in rest until any force act on it, for example
when sportsman runs some distance his body is in
Change in linear momentum component to ^ r wall i.e. motion and it will continue until any force act on it.
So, for taking long jump sportsman need running hence Reason: According to Newton’s third law of motion, for
assertion and reason both are correct. every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
25. Assertion: Inertia is the property by virtue of which the (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
body is unable to change its state by itself. is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Reason: The bodies do not change their state unless (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
acted upon by an unbalanced external force. is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
is the correct explanation of the Assertion. (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans: (b)
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. Sol: The wings of the airplane push the external air backwards
and the airplane moves forward by reaction of pushed air.
At low altitudes, density of air is high and so the airplane
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. gets sufficient force to move forward.
Ans: (a) Force
Sol. Inertia is the property by virtue of which the body is 29. A balloon of weight w is falling vertically downward with
unable to change by itself; not only in the state of rest
a constant acceleration a (<g). The magnitude of the air
but also in the state of motion.
resistance is :
26. Assertion: If the net external force on the body is zero
then its acceleration is also zero. æ aö
(a) w (b) w ç1 + ÷
Reason: Acceleration does not depend on force. è gø
is the correct explanation of the Assertion. æ aö a
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason (c) w ç1 - ÷ (d) w
è gø g
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. Ans. (c)
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. Sol.
Ans: (c)
Sol: According to Newton’s second law,
Force
Acceleration =
Mass
That is, if net external force on the body is zero then
acceleration will be zero.
27. Assertion: Newton’s second law of motion gives the
measurement of force.
FR = air resistance
Reason: According to Newton’s second law of motion,
force is directly proportional to the rate of change of W
momentum. Q W = mg Þ m =
g
is the correct explanation of the Assertion. From F.B.D. of balloon
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. W - FR = ma
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. W
Þ W - FR = a
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. g
Ans: (a) æ aö
dp Þ FR = W ç 1 - ÷
Sol: According to second law, F = = ma. è gø
dt
If we know the values of m and a, the force acting on the It is the magnitude of air resistance.
body can be calculated and hence second law gives that
30. A lift of mass 1000 kg is moving upwards with an
how much force is applied on the body. 2
acceleration of 1m/s . The tension developed in the string
28. Assertion: Airplanes always fly at low altitudes.
2
which is connected to lift is? (g = 9.8 m/s ) (d) as the force applied is internal to the system
(a) 9800 N (b) 10800 N Ans. (d)
(c) 11000 N (d) 10000 N Sol. Newton’s laws of motion explain the behavior of a body
Ans. (b) under an externally applied force.
Sol. According to Newton’s second law, So, when student is trying to pull himself up by tugging
on his hair, he will not succeed because he is applying
T = w+ F
this force internally. There is no external force applied on
= mg + ma
him.
=m g+a
34. A sphere is accelerated upwards with the help of a cord
= 1000 9.8 + 1 whose breaking strength is five times its weight. The
T = 10800 N maximum acceleration with which the sphere can move up
31. The mass of a lift is 2000 kg. When the tension in the without cord breaking is
supporting cable is 28000 N, then its acceleration is (a) 4g (b) 3g
(a) 30ms -2 downwards (b) 4ms -2 upwards (c) 2g (d) g
Ans. (a)
(c) 4ms -2 downwards (d) 14ms -2 upwards
Sol.
Ans. (b)
Sol. Let’s set the equilibrium condition
T = F +W
T = ma + mg
T - mg
a=
m
28000 - 2000 ´10
a=
2000
a = 4ms -2
Acceleration is positive so lift will go upward.
When sphere accelerates up with constant acceleration
32. A man of mass 50 kg carries a bag of weight 40 N on his
shoulder. The force with which the floor pushes up his ‘a’ then
feet will be T - mg = ma
(a) 882 N (b) 530 N T = m g +a
(c) 90 N (d) 600 N
Q Tmax = 5 g Þ 5mg = m g + a
Ans: (b)
Þ a = 5 g- g Þ a = 4 g
Sol: N = m1g + m2g = 50 (9.8) + 40 = 490 + 40 = 530 N
35. A uniform rope of mass m hangs freely from a ceiling. A
bird of mass M climbs up the rope with an acceleration a.
The force exerted by the rope on the ceiling is :
33. A student unable to answer a question on Newton’s laws

of motion attempts to pull himself up by tugging on his
hair. He will not succeed :
(a) as the force exerted is small
(a) Ma + mg
(b) the frictional force while gripping is small (b) M (a + g) + mg
(c) Newton’s law of inertia is not applicable to living beings (c) M (a + g)
(d) dependent on the position of bird on the rope
Ans. (b)
Sol.
For mass m to be at rest, net force on m should be zero
so T = F2 + m2 g 2
37. A man slides down a light rope whose breaking strength
is h times the weight of man (h < 1). The maximum
When bird climbs up the rope with acceleration a then acceleration of the man so that the rope just break is
T-Mg=Ma (a) g(1 - h) (b) g (1 + h)
Þ T=M(g+a) g
The force exerted by rope on the ceiling is = T + mg (c) gh (d) h
= M (g+a) + mg
Ans: (a)
Sol: Given that Tmax = hw
Using Fnet = ma
w
w - Tmax = a
g
Tmax = hw
So a = g (1 - h)
38. Figure shows two blocks connected by a light inextensible
string as shown in figure. A force of 10 N is applied on the
bigger block at 60° with horizontal, then the tension in
36. In the following figure, the object of mass m is held at rest the string connecting the two masses is
by a horizontal force as shown. The force exerted by the
string on the block is
(a) 5 N (b) 2 N
(c) 1 N (d) 3 N
Ans: (b)
Sol: Fnet = Ma
(a) F (b) mg (10 cos 60°) = (3 + 2) a
a = 1 m/s2
(c) F + mg (d) F2 + m 2 g 2
Ans: (d)
Sol:
T = 2(1) = 2 N
39. What is the acceleration of 3 kg mass when acceleration
of 2 kg mass is 2 m/s2 as shown?
Thus, mg – T = ma
Also, T = 75% of weight of monkey
æ 75 ö 3
T=ç ÷ mg = mg
è 100 ø 4
æ3ö 1 g
(a) 3 m/s2 (b) 2 m/s2 \ ma = mg - ç ÷ mg = mg or a =
4
è ø 4 4
(c) 0.5 m/s2 (d) zero
Ans: (b) 42. A light spring balance hangs from the hook of the other
Sol: light spring balance and a block of mass M kg hangs from
the former one. Then the true statement about the scale
reading is:
(a) Both the scales read M/2 kg each
(b) Both the scales read M kg each
(c) The scale of the lower one reads M kg and of the
For 2 kg 10 – T = 2(2)
upper one zero
T = 10 – 4 = 6 N
(d) The reading of the two scales can be anything but the
For 3 kg T = 3(a)
sum of the reading will be M kg
6 = 3a
Ans: (b)
a = 2 m/s2
Sol: As the spring balance are massless therefore both the
40. A mass of 1 kg is suspended by a thread. It is
scales read M kg each.
(i) lifted up with an acceleration 4.9 m/s2
43. A body of mass 60 kg suspended by means of three
(ii) lowered with an acceleration 4.9 m/s2. strings, P, Q and R as shown in the figure is in equilibrium.
The ratio of the tensions in the thread is (T1 : T2, where T1 The tension in the string P is
is the tension when the load is moving upwards and T2,
that when the load is moving downwards)
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 3 : 1 (d) 2 : 1
Ans: (c)
Sol: Upward acceleration, ma = T1 – mg
T1 = m (g + a)
Downward acceleration, ma = mg – T2
Or T2 = m (g – a)
(a) 130.9 g N (b) 60 g N
T1 g + a 9.8 + 4.9 3 (c) 50 g N (d) 103.9 g N
= = =
T2 g - a 9.8 - 4.9 1 Ans: (d)
41. A monkey is descending from the branch of a tree with Sol: The free body diagram of mass M is shown in figure
constant acceleration. If the breaking strength is 75% of
the weight of the monkey, the minimum acceleration with
which monkey can slide down without breaking the
branch is
3g
(a) g (b)
4
g g
(c) (d)
4 2
Ans: (c)
Sol: Let T be the tension in the branch of a tree when monkey Taking component of force
is descending with acceleration a
R cos q = Mg
Þ R cos 60° = Mg …(i)
And R sin 60° = T …(ii)
By Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
T
Þ tan 60° =
Mg
Þ T = Mg tan 60°
Or T = 60 ´ g ´ 3 = 103.9 gN Considering the equilibrium of bird
44. Ten coins are placed on top of each other on a horizontal

table. If the mass of each coin is 10 g and acceleration due
to gravity is 10 ms–2, what is the magnitude and direction
of the force on the 7th coin (counted from the bottom) due
to all the coins above it ?
(a) 0.3 N downwards (b) 0.3 N upwards
(c) 0.7 N downwards (d) 0.7 N upwards
Ans. (a)
Sol.
W
2T cosθ =W Þ T=
2cosθ
W
\ cosθ <1 Þ T >
2
46. A weight Mg is suspended from the middle of a rope
whose ends are at the same level. The rope is no longer
horizontal. The minimum tension required to completely
straighten the rope is
Mg
(a) (b) Mg cosq
2
(c) 2Mg cosq (d) Infinitely large
Ans: (d)
Sol:
Let us consider upper 3 coins as a system then force
exerted by 7th coin on the 8th coin is N.
From F.B.D. of upper 3 blocks
N = 3mg
10
= 3´ ´10 = 0.3 N
1000 2T cosq = mg
Hence the reactionary force of N = 0.3 newton acts mg
T= …(i)
on 7th coin in downwards direction. 2 cos q
45. When a bird of weight W sits on a stretched wire, the To make this string completely straight
tension T in the wire is
W
(a) > (b) = W
2
(c) < W (d) None of these
Ans. (a)
Sol.
q = 90°
In (i) q = 90° Sol:
mg
T= »¥
2 cos90°
47. Tension in the rope at the rigid support is (g = 10 m/s2)
r
Fnet
Acceleration of the system =
m
32 - 20
= = 4m/s 2
3
Free body diagram of 20 cm part
Total mass
Mass of 20 cm part m ' = Total length ´ 20 cm
3
= 20 = 2 kg
(a) 760 N (b) 1360 N 30
(c) 1580 N (d) 1620 N Using equation
Ans: (c) 32 – T = 2(4)
Sol: For 40 kg T = 24 N
400 – T1 = 40 49. A metal sphere is hung by a string fixed to a wall. The
T1 = 360 N forces acting on the sphere are shown in figure. Which of
the following statements is NOT correct?
For 50 kg
500 + T1 – T2 = 0
Þ T2 = 860 N
For 60 kg Þ T3 – 600 – T2 = 60 × 2
T3 = 1580 N
T3 will be the tension at the topmost point on the rigid
support
48. Figure shows a uniform rod of length 30 cm having a
mass 3.0 kg. The rod is pulled by constant force of 20 N r r r
(a) N + T + W = 0 (b) T2 = N2 + W2
and 32 N as shown. Find the force exerted by 20 cm part
of the rod on the 10 cm part (all surfaces are smooth) is (c) T = N + W (d) N = W tanq
Ans: (c)
Sol: As the body is in equilibrium, so vector sum of all three
r r r
forces N , T and W should be zero. Hence (a) is correct.
Now
T sin q = N (1)
(a) 36 N (b) 12 N
T cos q = W (2)
(c) 64 N (d) 24 N
Ans: (d)
\T1 = T2 = T (let)
Again, T1 sin 30° + T2 sin 30° = 10
And 2T sin 30° = 10
1
Þ 2T. = 10
2
Þ T = 10 N
Thus, the tension in section BC and BF are 10 N and 10 N
respectively.
51. Assertion: Two blocks kept side by side and moving with
the same acceleration may have contact force between
N them.
(1) ÷ (2) Þ tan q =
W Reason: If external force acting on one of the two blocks
Þ N = w tan ?. Hence (d) is correct. causes same acceleration in both of them, then contact
Squaring and adding (1) and (2): T2 = N2 + W2 force exists between them.
Hence (b) is correct (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
Hence (c) is incorrect. is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Body is in equilibrium so sum of all forces applied on (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
body is zero. is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
50. The below figure is the part of a horizontally stretched (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
net. Section AB is stretched with a force of 10 N. The (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
tensions in the sections BC and BF are Ans: (a)
Sol If two body moves with the same acceleration then they
act as a single system which is possible only when they
are bound by a contact force.
52. Assertion: A monkey slides down a vertical rope with
constant acceleration (< g). The tension force on the
monkey is in the upward direction.
Reason: In assertion, net force on the monkey is in the
downward direction.
(a) 10 N, 11 N
(b) 10 N, 6 N
(c) 10 N, 10 N is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(d) Cannot be calculated due to insufficient data (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
Ans: (c) (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Sol: As shown in figure Ans: (b)
Sol Tension in string is always away from the body so it will
act upwards and net force will act in the downwards
direction but this is not the reason for direction of tension
force.
53. A rope of length L and mass M is hanging from a rigid
support. The tension in the rope at a distance x from the
rigid support is :
æL-xö
(a) Mg (b) ç ÷ Mg
è L ø
T1 cos 30° = T2 cos 30° æ L ö x

(c) ç ÷ Mg (d) Mg
èL-xø L
Ans. (b) weight of the object that can be sustained without
Sol. breaking the string is :
(a) 10 N (b) 20 N
(c) 20 2 N (b) 40 N
Ans. (b)
Sol.
M
Mass per unit length of rope is =
L
Let the internal tension in the rope at a distance x from
the rigid support is T . Now considering the F.B.D. of Considering the equilibrium of block of mass ‘ m ’
section PB 2T cos 60o = mg
M T = mg …(1)
T = m ¢g Þ T = (L – x) g
L
QTmax = 20 N Þ 20 N = mg = maximum weight
56. A block of mass 10 kg is suspended by three strings as
shown in the figure. The tension T2 is :
100
54. A body of mass m is acted upon by a force F and the (a) 100 N (b) N
acceleration produced is a. If three forces each equal to F 3
and inclined to each other at 120o act on the same body,
(c) 3 ×100 N (d) 50 3 N
the acceleration produced will be
Ans. (d)
(a) a / 3 (b) 2a
Sol.
(c) 3a (d) zero
Ans. (d)
Sol. According to the given condition F = ma …(1)
Three force inclined to 120° f same magnitude will have
zero resultant. So, acceleration produced = 0 .
By lami’s theorem
55. An object is resting at the bottom of two strings which
are inclined at an angle of 120° with each other. Each
string can withstand a tension of 20 N. The maximum
T1 T2 T3
= =
sin 90° sin120° sin150°
T T
Þ T1 = 2 = 3
3 1
2 2
3
Þ T2 = T1
2
3
Þ T2 = ´10 g
2
Þ T2 = 50 3N
57. In the following figure the masses of the blocks A and B
are same and each equal to m. The tensions in the strings
OA and AB are T2 and T1 respectively. The system is in
From A
equilibrium with a constant horizontal force mg on B. Then
T1 is T2 cos q 2 = mg + T1 cos q1 ...(1)
T1 sin q1 = T2 sin q 2 ...(2)
O From B
T1 cos q1 = mg ...(3)
T2
q2
T1 sin q1 = mg ...(4)
m A Squaring and adding (3) and (4)
q1 T1 T12 = mg
2
+ mg
2
B
m mg
T1 = 2mg
58. Assertion: A body subjected to three concurrent forces
(a) mg (b) 2 mg cannot be in equilibrium.
Reason: If large numbers of concurrent forces are acting
(c) 3 mg (d) 5 mg on the same point then the point will always be in
equilibrium.
Ans. (b) (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
Sol. Net force on block, blocks A and B is zero. Consider the is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
F.B.D. of A and B respectively. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
Ans: (d)
Sol: A body subjected to concurrent forces is found to be in
equilibrium if sum of these forces is equal to zero.
r r r
That is,F1 + F2 + F3 + ... = 0.
59. Consider the following statements about the blocks
shown in the diagram that are being pushed by a constant
force on a frictionless table
Sol. T ³m g-a
360 ³ 60 10 - a
a ³ 4 ms -2
61. The pulleys and strings shown in the figure are smooth
and of negligible mass. For the system to remain in
equilibrium, the angle q should be :
A. All blocks move with the same acceleration
B. The net force on each block is the same Which of
these statements are/is correct
(a) A only (b) B only
(c) Both A and B (d) Neither A nor B
Ans: (a)
Sol: (i) As we can see from the free body diagram, force acting
on each block is different. But, they will all move together
as a system as same net force acts on them, and therefore
they will have the same acceleration.
(a) 0° (b) 30°

(c) 45° (d) 60°
Ans. (c)
Sol. For A, T = mg
For B, T = mg
For Equilibrium:
2T cos q = 2 mg
2mg cos q = 2mg
Application of newton's laws of motion q = 450
60. One end of massless rope, which passes over a massless 62. Two masses as shown in the figure are suspended from a
massless pulley. The acceleration of the system when
and frictionless pulley P is tied to a hook C while the other
masses are left free is
end is free. Maximum tension that the rope can bear is 360 N.
With what value of maximum safe acceleration (in ms–2)
can a man of 60 kg climb down the rope?
(a) 16 (b) 6
(c) 4 (d) none of these
Ans. (c)
2g g Þ 2×100 cos q = 100

(a) (b)
3 3 1
Þ cos q = Þ q = 60° = 2q = 120°
2
g g
(c) (d) 64. Three blocks of masses 2 kg, 3 kg and 5 kg are connected
9 7
to each other with light string and are then placed on a
Ans: (b)
frictionless surface as shown in the figure. The system is
Sol: The force equations are
pulled by aforceF = 10N, then tension T1 = ]
10N T1 T2
3kg 5kg
2kg
(a) 1N (b) 5 N
(c) 8 N (d) 10 N
Ans. (c)
Sol.
T – 5g = 5a.
10g – T = 10a
Adding, 10g – 5g = 15a
5g g
Or, a = =
15 3
63. In the following figure, the pulley P1 is fixed and the pulley Considering A, B, C as a system then common acceleration
P2 is movable. If W1 = W2 = 100N, what is the angle AP2P1? of the system is
The pulleys are friction-less. F 10
a= Þa= Þ a = 1m / s2
2+3+5 10
To get tension T1 consider B and C as a common system

pulled by tension
(a) 30° (b) 60°

(c) 90° (d) 120°
Ans: (d) T1 = (5 + 3) a
Sol: 2W1 cosq = W2 Þ T1 = 8 ´1 Þ T1 = 8 N
65. A block A of mass 7 kg is placed on a frictionless table. A

thread tied to it passes over a frictionless pulley and carries
a body B of mass 3 kg at the other end. The acceleration of
the system is (given g = 10 ms–2)
(a) 100 ms–2 (b) 3 ms–2

(c) 10 ms–2 (d) 30 ms–2
Ans. (b)
Sol.
Let the common tension in the string is T and

common acceleration of blocks is ‘a’ as shown in
figure.
For 6 kg block T - 6 g = 6a ...(1)
For 10 kg block 10g - T = 10a ...(2)
For block A T = 7 a ...(1) Adding (1) and (2)
For block B 3 g - T = 3a ...(2) T - 6 g + 10 g - T = 6a + 10a

4g
Adding (1) and (2) Þ 4g = 16 a Þ a =
16
3 g - T + T = 7a + 3a
g 10
Þ 3g = 10a Þa= = = 2.5 m / s 2
4 4
3g 30
Þa= Þa= 67. Two blocks are connected by a string as shown in the
10 10
diagram. The upper block is hung by another string. A
Þ a = 3 m / s2 force F applied on the upper string produces an
66. Two masses m1 and m2 are attached to a string which passes acceleration of 2m/s2 in the upward direction in both the
over a frictionless smooth pulley. When m1 = 10 kg, m2 = 6 kg, blocks. If T and T¢ be the tensions in the two parts of the
string, then
the acceleration of masses is
m2 6 kg
10 kg m1
(a) T = 70 . 8 N and T ¢ = 47 . 2 N
(a) 20 m/s2 (b) 5 m/s2
(c) 2.5 m/s2 (d) 10 m/s2 (b) T = 58 .8 N and T ¢ = 47 . 2 N
Ans. (c)
(c) T = 70 . 8 N and T ¢ = 58 . 8 N
Sol.
(d) T = 70 . 8 N and T ¢ = 0
Ans. (a)
Sol. Considering the common acceleration ‘ a ’ of the system
Mg sin q
(c) (d) 2 Mg sin q
2
Ans. (c)
Sol.
Considering F.B.D. of mass M on the incline
Considering common acceleration ‘ a ’ of the system Mg sin q - T = Ma .......(1)

Also for mass M on horizontal surface
T = Ma ......(2)
(1) + (2)
Mg sin q - T + T = 2M a
g sin q
Þa=
2
Mg sin q
Tension in string is T =
2
69. Two blocks of mass 4 kg and 6 kg are placed in contact
with each other on a frictionless horizontal surface. If we
apply a push of 5 N on the heavier mass, the force on the
F - 6g = 6 ´ a lighter mass will be
F =6 g+a
F = 6 9.8 + 2
F = 6 ´ 11.8
T = 70.8 N
T ¢ - 4 g = 4a Þ T ¢ = 4 9.8 + 2
Þ T ¢ = 4 ´11.8 = 47.2 N (a) 5 N (b) 4 N
68. Two blocks, each having a mass M, rest on frictionless
(c) 2 N (d) None of the above
surfaces as shown in the figure. If the pulley are light and
frictionless, and M on the incline is allowed to move down, Ans. (c)
then the tension in the string will be : Sol.
Fnet 5
2 3 a= = = 0.5 m / s 2
(a) Mg sin q (b) Mg sin q M 10
3 2
For 4 kg block, N = m ' a = 4 ´ 0.5 = 2 N

70. Two bodies having masses m1 = 40 g and m2 = 60 g are
attached to the ends of a string of negligible mass and
suspended from massless pulley. The acceleration of the
bodies is :
2 2
(a) 1 m/s (b) 2 m/s
2 2
(c) 0.4 m/s (d) 4 m/s
Ans. (b) As shown in figure and according to Newton’s l aw
Sol. ma cos q = mg sin q
sin q
a=g
cos q
Now normal force F,
F = mg cos q + ma sin q
æ sin q ö
= mg cos q + m ç g ÷ sin q
è cos q ø
sin 2 q
= mg cos q + mg
cos q
Tension in the string, T æ cos 2 q + sin 2 q ö
= mg ç ÷
è cos q ø
Masses , m1 = 0.04 kg and m2 = 0.06 kg mg
F=
Heavy weight (0.06 kg) will move downward with an cos q
acceleration a, then lighter weight (0.04 kg) will move 72. Consider the shown arrangement. Assume all surfaces to
upward with equal acceleration a. be smooth. If N represents magnitudes of normal reaction
So equations of motion; between block and wedge, then acceleration of M along
horizontal is equal to :
For mass m2 , m2 g - T = m2 a
For mass m1 , T - m1 g = m1a
Þ m2 g - m2 a - m1 g = m1a
m2 g - m1 g
Þa=
m1 + m2
0.06 ´ 10 - 0.04 ´ 10 2 N sin q

Þa= = 2m / s (a) along + ve x-axis
0.10 M
N cos q
71. A block of mass m is placed on a smooth wedge of (b) along –ve x-axis
M
inclination q .The whole system is accelerated horizontally
N sin q
so that the block does not slip on the wedge. The force (c) along –ve x-axis
M
exerted by the wedge on the block (g is acceleration due N sin q
to gravity) will be: (d) along –ve x-axis
m+M
(a) mg cos q (b) mg sin q Ans. (c)
mg Sol. Consider the F.B.D. of M and m separately
(c) mg (d) cos q Along horizontal direction N sin q = Ma
Ans. (d) N sin q
Þa=
Sol. M
(downward) felt by man (80kg) will be given by;

Þ f = 80 ´ 6 = 480 N
Thus apparent weight of the man in downward direction
will be;
Þ W = f + mg = 480 + 800 = 1280 N
75. For ordinary terrestrial experiments, the observer in an
inertial frame in the following cases is :
Along –ve x=axis
73. In the above question normal reaction between ground (a) a child revolving in a gaint wheel
and wedge will have magnitude equal to : (b) a driver in a sports car moving with a constant high speed
(a) N cos q + Mg –1
(b) N cos q + Mg + mg of 200 kmh on a straight rod
(c) N cos q – Mg (c) the pilot of an aeroplane which is taking off
(d) N sin q + Mg + mg
Ans. (a) (d) a cyclist negotiating a sharp curve
Sol. Along vertical direction F.B.D. of M Ans. (b)
Sol. A frame is said to be inertial when it is moving with a
constant speed or is at rest.
Case A.- Child is revolving in a giant wheel, thus child is
experiencing a centripetal acceleration.
Case B. – Car is moving at a constant speed along a
straight road. No acceleration is experienced by him.
Case C. – Aero-plane takes off with a linear acceleration.
Case D. – cyclist experiencing a centripetal acceleration
which negotiating a sharp curve.
Thus correct option is B.
N¢ = normal reaction from ground 76. The pendulum hanging from the ceiling of a railway carriage
makes angle 30° with the vertical, when it is accelerating.
N = Mg + N cos q
The acceleration of the carriage is :
Frames of reference
3 2
74. A man of weight 80 kg is standing in an elevator which is (a) g (b) g
2 3
movingwith an acceleration of 6 m/s2 in upward direction.
2
The apparent weight of the man will be : (g = 10 m/s )
g
(a) 1480 N (b) 1280 N (c) g 3 (d)
3
(c) 1380 N (d) none of these
Ans. (d)
Ans. (b)
Sol.
Sol. When a body is on a platform, which is moving with an
acceleration a in a certain direction, a pseudo force is felt
by this body in the opposite direction. This pseudo force
is given by;
Þ f = ma
In the above given question, elevator is moving with an
acceleration (6m/s2) in upward direction, then pseudo force
up so that the block of mass M exerts a force 7 Mg/4 on

the floor of the box?
(a) g/4 (b) g/2

(c) 3g/4 (d) 4g
Ans: (c)
Sol:
FBD of M : If M exerts force F = 7 Mg/4 on floor, then from
third law floor also exerts force F on box in upward
direction.
Considering equilibrium of ‘ m ’ w.r.t. ‘ O ’
T cos q = mg …(1)
T sin q = ma …(2)
T sin q ma
Þ =
T cos q mg F - Mg = Ma
a
Þ tan q = 7 Mg 3g
g Þ - Mg = Ma Þ a =
4 4
a 1 a
Þ tan 30° = Þ = 79. A coin is dropped in a lift. It takes time t1 to reach the floor
g 3 g when lift is stationary. It takes time t2 when lift is moving
g up with constant acceleration. Then
Þa=
3 (a) t1 > t 2 (b) t 2 > t1
77. A bird is sitting in a large closed cage which is placed on
(c) t1 = t 2 (d) t1 >> t 2
a spring balance, it records a weight of 35 N. The bird
(mass = 0.5 kg) flies upward in the cage with an Ans: (a)
2
acceleration of 2 m/s . The spring balance will now record 2h
a weight of : Sol: For stationary lift t1 = g
and when the lift is moving
(a) 27 N (b) 36 N
2h
(c) 26 N (d) 24 N up with constant acceleration t 2 = g + a \ t1 > t 2
Ans. (b) 80. A lift is moving down with acceleration a. A man in the lift
Sol. When bird flies upward in the cage, so normal force drops a ball inside the lift. The acceleration of the ball as
required to provide acceleration of 2m/s2 will be; observed by the man in the lift and a man standing
stationary on the ground are respectively
Þ ma = 0.5 ´ 2 = 1N (a) g, g (b) g – a, g – a
Equal force will be applied on the cage in the opposite (c) g – a, g (d) a, g
direction (downward). Ans: (c)
So the total weight recorded by the spring will be;
Þ W = 35 + 1 = 36 N
78. With what acceleration ‘a’ should be box of figure moving
Sol: Due to relative motion, acceleration of ball observed by
1 2
observer in lift = (g – a) and for man on earth the We know that equation for distance, s = ut + a1t
acceleration remains g. 2
S=L
81. A block is placed on the top of a smooth inclined plane of u=0
inclination q kept on the floor of a lift. When the lift is Here retardation meaning acceleration in upward direction,
descending with a retardation a, the block is released. The g1 = g + a
acceleration of the block relative to the incline is : a1 = g1 sin q
(a) g sin q (b) a sin q a1 = g + a sin q
(c) (g –a) sin q (d) (g + a) sin q Putting values in Equation,
Ans. (d) 1
L = 0 + g + a sin q´ t 2
Sol. 2
2 2L
t =
g + a sin q
2L
t=
g + a sin q
83. A spring balance is attached to the ceiling of a lift. A man
hangs his bag on the spring and the spring reads 49 N,
when the lift is stationary. If the lift moves downward with
Q lift is descending down retardation a is upwards.
an acceleration of 5 ms–2, the reading of the spring balance
So w.r.t. incline will be :
So relative acceleration down the incline is (a) 24 N (b) 74 N
m g + a sin q (c) 15 N (d) 49 N
arel =
m Ans. (a)
arel = g + a sin q Sol. kx = mg = 49
82. A smooth inclined plane of length L having inclination q 49
m= = 5 kg
with the horizontal is inside a lift which is moving down 9.8
with a retardation a. The time taken by a body to slide Lift moving : kx2 = mg - 5m = 49 - 5 5 = 24 N
down the inclined plane from rest will be : 84. Assertion: In the case of free fall of the lift, the man will
feel weightlessness.
2L 2L
(a) (b) Reason: In free fall, acceleration of lift is equal to
g + a sin q g - a sin q
acceleration due to gravity.
2L 2L is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) (d) (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
a sin q g sin q
Ans. (a) (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
Sol. (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans: (a)
Sol: Normal reaction applied by floor of lift is given by R = m
(g – a). Now if acceleration of lift becomes g then R = 0.
So, the person loses his contact from the floor and feels
weightlessness.
85. Assertion: A reference frame attached to the Earth is an
inertial frame of reference.
Reason: The reference frame which has zero acceleration
is called a non-inertial frame of reference.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is Sol. When a body is in static position, its irregular and rough
the correct explanation of the Assertion. surface gets interlocked with the irregularities of the
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is surface on which it is sliding. To move this body we need
not the correct explanation of the Assertion. sufficiently larger force than in case of kinematic situation.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. Thus m s > m k
The rolling friction is a force that resist the motion when
Ans: (d) an object is rolling on the surface. As we move away
Sol: An inertial frame of reference is one which has zero from the centre of mass point, we need lesser force
acceleration and in which law of inertia holds good, that
to rotate it or vice-versa, so rolling force will be less than
is, Newton’s first law of motion is applicable equally. Since
Earth is revolving around the Sun and also rotating about kinetic frictional coefficient. m s > m k > m r
its own axis, there are forces acting on it and hence there
will be acceleration of Earth due to these factors. 89. Which of the following is self-adjusting force?
Therefore, Earth cannot be taken as inertial frame of (a) Statice friction (b) Limiting friction
reference. (c) Kinetic friction (d) Rolling friction
86. Assertion: While applying laws of motion in a non-inertial Ans: (a)
reference frame, a pseudo force is taken to be acting on Sol: Static friction is self adjusting force. Its value varies from
the body considered.
0 < fs < m N
Reason: A non-inertial frame has zero acceleration.
90. Maximum force of friction is called
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is
the correct explanation of the Assertion. (a) Limiting friction (b) Static friction
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is (c) Sliding friction (d) Rolling friction
not the correct explanation of the Assertion. Ans: (a)
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. Sol: Limiting friction is maximum force of friction
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. 91. A force of 50 N is required to push a car on a level road
Ans: (c) with constant speed of 10 m/s. The mass of the car is
Sol: Non-inertial frames are those having non-zero 500 kg. What force should be applied to make the car
acceleration. Newton’s law is valid for inertial frames, so accelerate at 1 m/s2 ?
to make a non-inertial frame as inertial frame an equal and (a) 550 N (b) 450 N
opposite force, known as pseudo force, is applied. (c) 500 N (d) 2500 N
87. Assertion: Newton’s second law holds good in an inertial Ans. (a)
frame only.
Reason: Newton’s second law is a basic law.
Sol. Initially when car moves with constant velocity Þ
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is acceleration = 0
the correct explanation of the Assertion. So,
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is Resistive force on car are equal and opposite
not the correct explanation of the Assertion. to F = 50 N . Now to accelerate the car a force F’ is
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. applied but resistive force remains unchanged
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. \ F ¢ - 50 = 500 ´1
Ans: (b) Þ F ¢ = 500 + 50
Sol: To apply Newton’s second law in a non-inertial frame, we Þ F ¢ = 550 N
have to consider a pseudo force and it has to be applied
92. A body is projected along a rough horizontal surface with
only on inertial frame. Newton’s second law is a basic law
a velocity 6 m/s. If the body comes to rest after travelling
because with the help of this law we can derive other two
9 m, then coefficient of sliding friction is : (g = 10 m/s2)
laws.
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.4
Frictional Force and its Properties
(c) 0.6 (d) 0.2
88. Which is true for rolling friction (mr), static friction (ms) and
Ans. (d)
kinetic friction (mk) ?
Sol. Retardation of block in
(a) ms > m k > m r (b) m s < m k < m r
(c) ms < m k > m r (d) m s > mr > m k
Ans. (a)
can be stopped is :
Fk m mg
a= = = mg 2
m m v02 æ v0 ö
2
(a) (b) ç ÷
Qv 2 = u 2 + 2as Þ 02 = 6 + 2( m ) g 9 m è mg ø
Þ m = 0.2
v20 v20
(c) (d)
93. Which of the following statements is true in a tug of war. mg 2 mg
(a) The team which applies a greater force on the rope Ans. (d)
than the other wins. Sol. Initial velocity of car, v0
(b) The team which applies a smaller force on the rope Frictional coefficient, m
than the other wins.
In this question friction force decelerate the car to a speed 0.
(c) The team which pushes harder against the ground wins. Thus applying Newton’s equation;
(d) none of these
2 2
Ans. (c) Þ v¢ = v0 - 2 as
Sol. Where, s is the distance in which car is stopped.
a is the deceleration, which can be found from applied
friction force.
Þ m mg = m a
So,
There is a war form tension produced in the rope. The 2
Þ 0 = v0 - 2 m gs
team which produces greater friction will accelerate the 2
system forwards itself and will win. v0
Þs=
2m g
So, if f1 > f 2 then team (1) will win.
94. While walking on ice, one should take small steps to 97. An iron block of sides 5 cm × 8 cm × 15 cm has to be
avoid slipping. This is because smaller steps ensure pushed along the floor. The force required will be minimum
when the surface in contact with ground is :
(a) larger friction (b) smaller friction
(a) force is the same for all surfaces
(c) smaller normal force (d) none of these
(b) 8 cm × 5 cm surface
Ans. (a)
(c) 5 cm × 15 cm surface
Sol. Smaller steps ensure greater friction so smaller acceleration
and easy walking. (d) 8 cm × 15 cm surface
95. A block of mass 10 kg is placed on a rough horizontal Ans. (a)
surface having coefficient of friction m = 0.5. If a horizontal Sol. Friction force between a block and a surface is given by;
force of 100 N is applied on it, then the acceleration of the Þ f = m mg
block will be :
(a) 15 m/s2 (b) 10 m/s
2 A block can only be moved when applied force exceeded
2 2 frictional force;
(c) 5 m/s (d) 0.5 m/s
Ans. (c) ÞF > f
Sol. Total force =applied force-friction force So, minimum force required to move the block will be
equivalent to frictional force.
F = f1 - f f
We can observe that generated friction force is
ma = 100 - m gm independent of surface area of the surface which is in
100 - 0.5 ´ 10 ´10 contact with ground.
a=
10 Thus, required minimum force will be same for all surfaces.
100 - 50
a= 98. In the figure shown, horizontal force F1 is applied on a
10 block but the block does not slide. Then as the magnitude
a = 5ms -2 of vertical force F2 is increased from zero the block begins
96. A car is moving along a straight horizontal road with a to slide; the correct statement is
speed v0. If the coefficient of friction between the tyres
and the road is m. The shortest distance in which the car
Since the applied force is less than 12 N therefore the
force of friction is equal to the applied force.
f = 8.7 N
101. A block of mass m is stationary on a horizontal surface. It
is connected with a string which has no tension. The
coefficient of friction between the block and surface is
m . Then, the frictional force between the block and
(a) The magnitude of normal reaction on block increases surface is?
(b) Static frictional force acting on the block increases
(c) Maximum value of static frictional force decrease
(d) All of these
Ans: (c)
(a) Zero (b) m mg
Sol:
mg
(c) (d) None of these
m
Ans: (a)
Sol: f s = m mg , F < f s . If applied force is less than limiting
friction force then frictional force is equal to the applied
N + F2 = mg
force f = F .
N = mg – F2
Here, applied force is zero, and so, frictional force is zero.
A F2 Increases N will decrease
Static friction fs = msN = ms (mg – F2) 102. Assertion: When a bicycle is in motion, the force of
friction exerted by the ground on the two wheels is always
Þ by increasing F2, fs will decrease hence the block will slide
in the forward direction.
99. A body of mass 2 kg is at rest on a horizontal table. The
coefficient of friction between the body and the table is Reason: The frictional force acts in the direction of motion
0.3. A force of 5 N applied on the body. The acceleration of the bicycle.
of the body is ? (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
-2 -2 is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(a) 0 ms (b) 2.5 ms
(c) 5 ms -2 (d) 7.5 ms -2 is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Ans: (a) (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
f max = m mg
Sol: Ans: (d)
f max = 0.3 ´ 2 ´10 = 6 N
Sol: When a bicycle is in motion, two cases may arise:
Applied force < f ms (i) When the bicycle is being pedalled: In this case, the
So, body would not move. applied force is communicated to the rear wheel, due to
100. A block of mass 3 kg is placed on a rough horizontal which the rear wheel pushes the ground backwards. Now
surface m s = 0.4 . A force of 8.7 N is applied on the the force of friction acts in the forward direction on the
block. The force of friction between the block and floor rear wheel but front wheel moves forward due to inertia,
is? so force of friction works on it in the backward direction.
(a) 8.7 N (b) 12 N (ii) When the bicycle is not being pedalled: In this case both
(c) 10 N (d) Zero the wheels move in the forward direction, due to inertia.
Ans: (a) Hence, force of friction on both the wheels acts in the
backward direction.
Sol: f ms = m s mg = 0.4 ´ 3 ´ 10 N = 12 N
103. Assertion: Pulling a lawn roller is easier than pushing it.
Reason: Pushing increases the apparent weight and hence
the force of friction.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion. is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
Ans: (b)
Ans: (a) Sol: Inertia depends upon force applied which is function of
Sol: Suppose the roller is pushed as in Fig. (b). The force F is acceleration but friction could be reduced by lubricating
resolved into two components, horizontal component FH the contact surfaces.
106. A block of mass 5 kg is kept on a horizontal floor having
which helps the roller to move forward, and the vertical coefficient of friction 0.09. Two mutually perpendicular
component acting downwards adds to the weight. Thus, horizontal forces of 3 N and 4 N act on this block. The
weight is increased. But in the case of machine being acceleration of the block is : (g = 10 m/s2)
pulled, as shown in Fig. (a), the vertical component of the (a) zero (b) 0.1 m/s2
force Fv is in the direction opposite to its weight; thus, (c) 0.2 m/s2 (d) 0.3 m/s2
Ans. (b)
weight is reduced. So, pulling is easier than pushing the Sol.
lawn roller.
Limiting friction of the block is Flim = m N

= 0.09 ´ 5 ´ 10 = 4.5N
Also Fk = 4.5 N
R - Fk 5 - 4.5 0.5
Qacceleration a = = = = 0.1m / s 2
m 5 5
107. A block of mass 4 kg is placed on a rough horizontal plane.
A time dependent horizontal force F = kt acts on the block,
k = 2 N/s. The frictional force between the block and plane
104. Assertion: The value of dynamic friction is less than the at time t = 2s is (m = 0.2)
limiting friction. (a) 4 N (b) 8 N
Reason: Once the motion has started, the inertia of rest (c) 12 N (d) zero
has been overcome. Ans. (a)
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason Sol. Time dependent applied force, F = kt
In this question first we need to find whether applied
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason force on block has exceeded the frictional force.
Frictional force;
Þ f = m mg = 0.2 ´ 4 ´ 10 = 8 N
Ans: (a) Applied force at time t = 2 sec;
Sol: For a body at rest, friction force is static so it has to act Þ F = kt = 2 ´ 2 = 4 N
against inertia of rest but once the motion starts inertia of Thus, we can observe that applied force has not exceeded
rest has been overcome and friction force reduces. So 8 N force, so block will be in stationary state, and friction
dynamic friction becomes lesser than static friction. force will be;
105. Assertion: Proper use of lubricants cannot reduce inertia.
Þ f = 4N
Reason: Proper use of lubricants reduces friction.
108. A block is kept on an inclined plane of angle 30°.
Coefficient of kinetic friction between block and incline
1
plane is . What is acceleration of block ?
3
2
(a) zero (b) 2 m/s
2 2
(c) 1.5 m/s (d) 5 m/s
Ans. (a)
1 Ans: (b)
Sol. Frictional coefficient, m =
3 Sol: vinitial = u = 72 km/h = 20 m/s
vfinal = v = 0
m = 0.5
adecelaration = mg = 0.5 ´ 10 = 5 ms
v=0
u2 – 2as = 0
400 – 2 ´ 5s = 0
s = 40 m
111. A block of weight W is held against a vertical wall by
Angle of inclination, q = 300 applying a horizontal force 75 N. The surface of the wall
Let’s consider acceleration of the block is a. is rough. Now, (consider m < 1)
Normal force (N) can be found by balancing the (a) W < 75 N (b) W = 75 N
equations as shown in the above diagram;
(c) W > 75 N (d) None of these
Þ N = mg cosq = mg cos 30 0 Ans: (a)
0
Friction force will be; Þ f = m N = m mg cos30 Sol: If W is in equilibrium f = W
Then; But we know f £ m R
0
Þ mg sin30 - f = ma Here R = 75 N
Þ ma = mg sin300 - m mg cos300 Hence W £ m R or
æ1 1 3ö m
Þ a = g çç - ´ ÷÷ = 0 2 W £ m 75
è2 3 2 ø s
109. A child weighing 25 kg slides down a rope hanging from
a branch of a tall tree. If the force of friction acting against
him is 200 N, the acceleration of child is (g = 10 m/s2)
(a) 22.5 m/s2 (b) 8 m/s2
(c) 5 m/s2 (d) 2 m/s2
Ans: (d)
Sol: mg – fs = ma
W
250 – 200 = 25a Or 75 ³
m
a = 2 m/s2
W
Þ 75 =
m
W
Or 75 >
m
But m is generally less than 1
\ W < 75 N
110. Consider a car moving along a straight horizontal road
112. Assertion: Without friction between our feet and the
with a speed of 72 km/h. If the coefficient of static friction
ground, it will not be possible to walk.
between the tyres and the road is 0.5, the shortest distance
in which the car can be stopped just by using the frictional Reason: Frictional force is necessary to start motion.
force is (taking g = 10 m/s2) (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
(a) 30 m (b) 40 m is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) 72 m (d) 20 m
Ans: (c)
Sol: For walking we need some force which is applied by the
ground and this comes into play only when our feet make
contact with the ground. Without friction, no contact force
develops between feet and ground. Statement of reason
is not true because any block can move on smooth surface
by applying any force.
113. Assertion: Wheels of automobiles are made circular in From F.B.D. of block N = 5 newton
shape. f lim = m N = 0.5 ´ 5 = 2.5 N
Reason: Rolling friction is the least among all type of
frictions. Weight = mg = 0.1´ 10 = 1N
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason Q f s = mg and f s < f lim
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason So frictional force = mg = 1N
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. If g = 9.8m / s 2 then
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. mg = 9.8 ´ 0.1 = 0.98 N
Ans: (a)
116. A fireman of mass 60 kg slides down a pole. He is pressing
Sol: Rolling is easier than sliding for any automobile. In order the pole with a force of 600 N. The coefficient of friction
to reduce the effort, wheels are made circular, so that between the hands and the pole is 0.5, with what
sliding friction is replaced by rolling friction. acceleration will the fireman slide down ? (g = 10 ms–2)
114. A block is gently placed on a conveyor belt moving (a) 1 ms–2 (b) 2.5 ms–2
horizontally with constant speed. After t = 4 s, the velocity –2
(c) 10 ms (d) 5 ms–2
of the block becomes equal to velocity of the belt. If the
coefficient of friction between the block and the belt is Ans. (d)
m = 0.2, then the velocity of the conveyor belt is Sol. Force in downward direction is,
(a) 8 m/s (b) 6 m/s Fdown = 600 N
(c) 4 m/s (d) 2 m/s We know that frictional force that is in upward direction
Ans. (a) is,
Sol. On the belt kinetic friction acts opposite to the velocity Fr = m N
and on the block Fk will accelerate the block Fr = 0.5 ´ 600
Q Finally when relative velocity become zero Fr = 300 N
v = u + at for block. Now total net force is
v = 0 + m g ´ 4 Þ v = 0.2 ´ 10 ´ 4 = 8 m / s FN = Fdown - Fr
115. A block of mass 0.1 kg is held against a wall applying ma = 600 - 300
horizontal force of 5 N on the block. If coeff. of friction
60 ´ a = 300
between the block and the wall is 0.5, the magnitude of
frictional force acting on the block is 300
a=
(a) 2.5 N (b) 0.49 N 60
(c) 0.98 N (d) 4.9 N a = 5ms -2
Ans. (c) 117. A body of mass m rests on horizontal surface. The
Sol. coefficient of friction between the body and the surface is
m. If the mass is pulled by a force P as shown in the figure,
the limiting friction between body and surface will be :
é æ P öù
(a) m mg (b) m ê mg + ç 2 ÷ ú
ë è øû
é æ P öù é æ 3 P öù
(c) m ê mg - ç ÷ ú (d) m ê mg - çç ÷÷ú
ë è 2 øû êë è 2 øúû
Ans. (c)
Sol.
f = mR
F cos 60 ° = m(W + F sin 60 °)
1
Substituting m = & W = 10 3 we get F = 20 N
2 3
119. Assertion: Value of frictional force as seen from an inertial
frame for a pair of solids, may change if it is observed
from a non-inertial frame.
Reason: Coefficient of friction m depends on the frame of
reference.
Limiting friction force is given by; (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
Þ f =mN is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Where, N is the normal force , and m is the frictional
coefficient.
We need to balance forces acting on the block in vertical
direction;
Ans: (c)
Þ P sin 30° + N = mg Sol: Value of frictional force depends on inertial and non-
inertial forces due to difference in net applied force.
1 Coefficient of friction depends only on type and nature
Þ N = mg - P ´
2 of the surfaces in contact.
So, limiting frictional force will be; Angle of friction and angle of repose
æ 1ö 1
Þ f = m N = m ç mg - P ´ ÷
è 2ø 120. The coefficient of friction of a surface is . What should
3
118. What is the maximum value of the force F such that the be the angle of inclination so that a body placed on the
block shown in the arrangement, does not move surface just begins to slide down ?
(a) 30o (b) 45o
o
(c) 60 (d) 90o
Ans. (a)
Sol.
(a) 20 N (b) 10 N
(c) 12 N (d) 15 N
(a)
When the body begins to slide

mg sin q = f lim Þ F cosq = m N

mg sin q = m N Þ F cosq = tanf W + F sinq
Þ mg sin q = m mg cos q Þ F cos q – F sin q tan f = W tan f
1 Þ F cos q cos f – F sin q sin f = W sin f
Þ m = tan q Þ tan q = Þ q = 30°
3 W sinf
ÞF=
This angle is known as angle of repose. cos q + f
121. A block A kept on an inclined surface just begins to slide 123. A body is placed on a rough inclined plane of inclination
if the inclination is 30°. The block is replaced by another q. As the angle q is increased from 0° to 90° the contact
block B and it is found that it just begins to slide if the force between the block and the plane
inclination is 40°. (a) remains constant
(a) mass of A > mass of B (b) first remains constant then decreases
(b) mass of A < mass of B (c) first decreases then increases
(c) mass of A = mass of B (d) first increases then decreases
(d) all the three are possible Ans: (b)
Ans. (d) Sol:
Sol. \ angle of repose q is related as
m = tan q is independent of mass
So option A, B or C may be correct.
Hence (d) is right
122. Pushing force making an angle q to the horizontal is
applied on a block of weight W placed on a horizontal For q < angle of repose
table. If the angle of friction be f, the magnitude of force Fc = mg
required to move the body is equal to : For q > angle of repose
W cos f W sin f As q f = mmg cos q¯
(a) (b)
cos q + f cos q + f N = mg cos q ¯
124. A body is placed on an inclined plan and has to be pushed
W tan f W sin f down in order to make it move. The angle made by the
(c) sin q + f (d) tan q + f
normal reaction with the vertical will be:-
Ans. (b) (a) Equal to angle of repose
Sol. (b) Equal to the angle of repose
(c) Less than the angle of repose
(d) More than the angle of repose
Ans: (c)
Sol: The angle of repose, or critical angle of repose, of a
granular material is the steepest angle of descent or dip
relative to the horizontal plane to which a material can be
piled without slumping. At this angle, the material on the
slope face is on the verge of sliding.
Since the block doesn’t slide down on its own, this angle
Angle of friction is f , so frictional coefficient will be; must be less than the angle of repose.
Þ m = tan f 125. A block rests on a rough inclined plane making an angle
As shown in the above diagram, we balance the forces of 30 o with the horizontal. The coefficient of static friction
acting in horizontal and vertical directions. between the block and the plane is 0.8. If the frictional
Forces in vertical direction; force on the block is 10 N, the mass of the block (in kg) is
Þ N = W + Fsinq (take g = 10 m / s 2 )
Forces in horizontal direction; (a) 2.0 (b) 4.0
(c) 1.6 (d) 2.5
(a) Angle of repose a = tan -1 (m ) = tan -1 (0 . 8 ) = 38 .6 °
2 2
Angle of inclined plane is given q = 30 ° . (c) 4 m/s (d) 8/3 m/s
It means block is at rest therefore, Ans (b)
Static friction = component of weight in downward Sol.
direction = mg sin q = 10 N
10
\ m= = 2 kg
9 ´ sin 30 °
126. Assertion: Angle of repose is equal to angle of limiting
friction.
Reason: When the body is just at the point of motion, the
force of friction at this stage is called limiting friction. Mass of block A, 10kg
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason Mass of block B, 5kg
Frictional coefficient between block A and B, m = 0.4
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. Frictional force generated between A and B,
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. Þ f = m m B g = 0.4 ´ 5 ´ 10 = 20 N
Ans: (b) Because block A rests on a smooth surface, so only
frictional force will make it move, so we can write;
Sol: Coefficient of friction is tangent of angle of repose and
angle of limiting friction, assertion is correct. At the verge Þ f = mA ´ a
of motion, the frictional force is maximum and is known as Þ 20 = 10 ´ a
limiting friction. 2
Þ a = 2m / s
Block on Block Systems 129. Two blocks A and B of masses 5 kg and 3 kg respectively
127. A body B lies on a smooth horizontal table and another rest on a smooth horizontal surface with B over A. the
body A is placed on B. The coefficient of friction between coefficient of friction between A and B is 0.5. The maximum
A and B is m . What acceleration given to B will cause horizontal force (in kg wt.) that can be applied to A, so
that there will be motion of A and B without relative
slipping to occur between A and B
slipping, is
(a) mg (b) g / m (a) 1.5 (b) 2.5
(c) m / g (d) mg (c) 4 (d) 5
Ans: (c)
(a) There is no friction between the body B and surface of
Sol:
the table. If the body B is pulled with force F then
F = (m A + m B ) a
Due to this force upper body A will feel the pseudo force
in a backward direction.
F
Both are moving together a =
8
F
For 3 kg block f = 3 æç ö÷
è8ø
3F
0.5 3 g =
8
But due to friction between A and B, body will not move.
The body A will start moving when pseudo force is more F = 40 N
than friction force. So, m = 4 kg
i.e. for slipping, m A a = m m A g \ a = m g 130. Figure shows two blocks system, 4kg block rests on a
smooth horizontal surface, upper surface of 4 kg is rough.
128. A block B of mass 5 kg is placed on another block A of A block of mass 2 kg is placed on its upper surface. The
mass 10 kg, which rests on a smooth horizontal surface. If acceleration of upper block with respect to earth when 4
m = 0.4 between A and B and a force F = 40 N is applied on kg mass is pulled by a force of 30 N, is
block B, the acceleration of A is :
2 2
(a) 3 m/s (b) 2 m/s
and B is 0.2 while coefficient of friction between B and the
ground is 0.3. The minimum required force F to start
moving B will be
(a) 6 m/s2 (b) 5 m/s2

(c) 8 m/s2 (d) 2 m/s2
Ans: (b) (a) 900 N (b) 100 N
Sol: If both move together (c) 1100 N (d) 1200 N
30
a= = 5 m/s 2 Ans. (c)
4+2
Sol.
2 kg will move due to frictional force
F = ma Þ f = 2(5) = 10 N
And limiting friction fL = (0.8) (2g) = 16 N
Þ Friction is sufficient to move both block together hence
a = 5 m/s2
131. Two blocks (A) 2 kg and (B) 5 kg rest one over the other
on a smooth horizontal plane. The coefficient of static
and dynamic friction between (A) and (B) is the same and
equal to 0.60. The maximum horizontal force F that can be
applied to (B) in order that both (A) and (B) do not have F = f AB + f BG = m AB m a g + m BG (m A + m B )g
any relative motion is
= 0 . 2 ´ 100 ´ 10 +0 .3(300 ) ´ 10
= 200 + 900 = 1100 N
133. Determine the time in which the smaller block reaches other
end of bigger block in the figure
(a) 42 N (b) 42 kgf

(c) 5.4 kgf (d) 1.2 N
Ans: (a)
Sol:
(a) 4s (b) 8
(c) 2.19 s (d) 2.13 s
Ans. (c)
Now both should move with same acceleration. So,
Fr = ma = 2a
F – Fr = 5a
mmg
a= = mm = 6 m/s 2
m
F – 0.6 ´ 2 ´ 10 = 5 ´ 6
F = 42 N
132. A block A with mass 100 kg is resting on another block B

of mass 200 kg. As shown in figure a horizontal rope tied
to a wall holds it. The coefficient of friction between A
Sol. T = Ff
T = m gma
= 0.2 ´ 10 ´ 2
T = 4N
Now applying equilibrium or Newton’s law on block B
T =W
4 = mb g
4
mb =
10
135. A block of mass 1 kg is projected from the lowest point up
Kinetic friction f k = mk N = 0.3 ´ 2 ´ 10 = 6N along the inclined plane. If g = 10 ms-2, the retardation
experienced by the block is
10 - 6
Acceleration of upper block = a1 = = 2m / s 2
2
a2 = acceleration of lower block
6 3
= = m / s2
8 4 15 5
3 5 (a) ms -2 (b) ms -2
arel = a1 - a2 = 2 - = m / s 2 2 2
4 4
10
1 2 (c) ms -2 (d) zero
Srel = urel t + arel t 2
2
Ans: (a)
1 5 24 24 Sol: Retarding force will be friction and gravitational force
Þ 3 = 0´t + ´ ´t2 Þ t2 = Þt =
2 4 5 5
t = 2.19 s
Miscellaneous Cases in Friction

134. The coefficient of static friction, ms , between block A of
mass 2 kg and the table as shown in the figure, is 0.2.
What would be the maximum mass value of block B,
so that the two blocks do not move? The string and
the pulley are assumed to be smooth and massless
2
(g = 10 m/s )
a = - g sin 45° + mg cos 45°
æ 10 10 ö 15
= -ç + 0.5 ÷=
è 2 2 ø 2
136. The blocks A and B are arranged as shown in the figure.

The pulley is frictionless. The mass of A is 10 kg. The
coefficient of friction of A with the horizontal surface is
0.20. The minimum mass of B to start the motion will be
(a) 2.0 kg (b) 4.0 kg

(c) 0.2 kg (d) 0.4 kg
Ans. (d)
Sol. Applying equilibrium or Newton’s law on block A
= P - mg sin q = 750 - 500 = 250 N

Limiting friction = Fl = m s R = m s mg cos q
= 0.4 × 102 × 9.8 × cos 30 = 346 N
As net external force is less than limiting friction therefore
friction on the body will be 250 N.
139. A block of mass m is given an initial downward velocity v0
(a) 2 kg (b) 0.2 kg and left on an inclined plane (coefficient of friction = 0.6).
(c) 5 kg (d) 10 kg The block will :
Ans. (a)
mB m
Sol. m= Þ 0 . 2 = B Þ m B = 2 kg
mA 10
137. The force required just to move a body up an inclined
plane is double the force required just to prevent the body
sliding down. If the coefficient of friction is 0.25, the angle (a) continue to move move down the plane with constant
of inclination of the plane is velocity v0
(a) 36.8° (b) 45° (b) accelerate downward
(c) 30° (d) 42.6° (c) decelerate and come to rest
Ans. (a) (d) first accelerated then decelerate
Ans. (c)
Sol. Retardation in upward motion = g(sin q + m cos q )
Sol.
\ Force required just to move up Fup = mg (sin q + m cos q )
Similarly for down ward motion a = g(sin q - m cos q )
Force required just to prevent the body sliding down
According to problem Fup = 2 Fdn
Þ mg (sin q + m cos q ) = 2mg (sin q - m cos q ) Kinetic friction on the block is
Þ sin q + m cos q = 2 sin q - 2 m cos q Fk = mk N = 0.6 ´ mg cos 30°
Þ 3 m cos q = sin q Þ tan q = 3 m 3
= 0.6 ´ mg ´
2
Þ q = tan -1 (3 m ) = tan -1 (3 ´ 0 . 25 ) = tan -1 (0 .75 ) = 36 .8 °
Fk = mg 0.3 ´ 3 = mg ´ 0.3 ´ 1.732
138. A force of 750 N is applied to a block of mass 102 kg to
prevent it from sliding on a plane with an inclination angle = 0.52mg
30° with the horizontal. If the coefficients of static friction mg
and kinetic friction between the block and the plane are Qmg sin 30° = = 0.5mg
2
0.4 and 0.3 respectively, then the frictional force acting
on the block is Q Fk is greater than mg sin 30° then block will decelerate
(a) 750 N (b) 500 N and come to rest.
(c) 345 N (d) 250 N 140. In the figure shown, if coefficient of friction is m, then m2
Ans. (d) will start moving upwards if :
Sol.
Net force along the plane

q = 30° with a velocity 5 m/s. If it stops after 0.5 s then
m1 m1
(a) m > sin q - m cos q (b) m > sin q + m cos q what is the value of coefficient of friction (m) ?
2 2 (a) 0.6 (b) 0.5
(c) 1.25 (d) none of these
m1 m1 Ans. (a)
(c) m > m sin q - cos q (d) m > m sin q + cos q
2 2 Sol.
Ans. (b)
Sol.
We know that
m2 will start moving upwards if v = u + at
0 = 5 + 0.5a
m1 g > m2 g sin q + m m2 g cos q
a = -10 ms -2
m1 Here minus sign shows that it is retardation,
Þ > sin q + m cos q
m2 a = 10ms -2
141. Consider the situation shown in the figure. All surfaces Fnet = ma
are rough. The friction on B due to A in equilibrium mg sin 30o + m mg cos 30o = ma
1 3
g ´ + mg ´ = 10
2 2
g + m g ´ 3 = 20
(a) is upward m = 0.601
(b) is downward 144. If a ladder weighing 250 N is placed against a smooth
vertical wall having coefficient of friction between it and
(c) is zero
floor 0.3, then what is the maximum force of friction available
(d) depends on the masses of A and B at the point of contact between the ladder and the floor ?
Ans. (a) (a) 75 N (b) 50 N
Sol. The normal reaction force on the system (comprising of (c) 35 N (d) 25 N
wall and contact surface of A and B) is provided by F. The Ans. (a)
weight of A and B together is acting in the downward Sol.
direction. Therefore, the frictional force fA and fBA (friction
on B due to A) is in upward direction.
142. A block of mass 1 kg is placed on a truck which accelerates
2
with acceleration 5 m/s . The coefficient of static friction
between the block and truck is 0.6. The frictional force
acting on the block is :
(a) 5 N (b) 6 N
(c) 5.88 N (d) 4.6 N
Ans. (a)
Ladder is in static position placed against the wall. So, we
Sol. Frictional force Fs = m gm
need to find the reaction force applied by the floor on
= 0.6 ´ 10 ´ 1 = 6 N ladder in vertical direction as shown in the above diagram.
Now pseudo force, F = ma = 1´ 5 = 5 N Balancing forces in the vertical direction;
Here we can see that, Fs > F
So our answer will be 5N Þ R1 = mg = 250 N
143. A block is moving up an inclined plane of inclination
Thus friction force at the contact point will be;
Þ f = m R1
Þ f = 0.3 ´ 250 = 75 N
145. A block is moving up an inclined plane of inclination 60°
2
with velocity of 20 m/s and stops after 2 s. If g = 10 m/s ,
then the approximate value of coefficient of friction is :
(a) 3 (b) 3.3
(c) 0.27 (d) 0.33
Ans. (c)
Sol. Initial velocity, u = 20 m/s 147. A block of mass 15 kg is resting on a rough inclined plane
Final velocity, v= 0 m/s as shown in figure. The block is tied by a horizontal string
Time, t = 2s which has a tension of 50 N. The coefficient of friction
between the surfaces of contact is:
(a) 1/2 (b) 2/3

Applying Newton’s equation; (c) 3/4 (d) 1/4
Þ v = u + at Ans: (a)
Þ 0 = 20 + a ´ 2 Sol: The string is under tension, hence there is limiting friction
between the block and the plane
2
Þ a = -10m / s
å Fx = 0 Þ m N + 50cos 45° = 150sin 45°
Inclination angle, q = 600 (i)
Writing equation of motion for a moving block on a
inclined plane as shown in the above diagram;
Þ ma = mg sin 600 + m mg cos 600

3 1
Þ 10 = 10 ´ + m ´ 10 ´
2 2
Þ m = 0.27
146. A metallic chain 1m long lies on a horizontal surface of a

table. The chain starts sliding on the table if 25 cm (or
more of it) hangs over the edge of a table. The correct
value of the coefficient of friction between the table and å Fy = 0 Þ N = 50 sin 45° + 150 cos 45° (ii)
the chain is
Solving (i) and (ii), m = 1/2
1 2
(a) (b) 148. The system shown in the figure is in equilibrium. The
3 3 maximum value of W, so that the maximum value of static
1 1 frictional force on 100 kg body is 450 N, will be:-
(c) (d)
4 5
Ans: (a)
Sol:
(a) 20% (b) 25%

(c) 35% (d) 15%
Ans: (a)
Sol: Let M is the mass of the chain of length L. If y is the
maximum length of chain which can hang outside the table
without sliding, then for equilibrium of the chain, the
weight of hanging part must be balanced by the force of
friction on the portion on the table.
(a) 100 N (b) 250 N

(c) 450 N (d) 1000 N
Ans: (c)
Sol: System is in equilibrium
T1 = W = T sin 45
T2 = (fs)max = T cos 45
W = (f-s)max
W = 450 N
W = fL …(i)
But from figure
M M
W= yg and R = W ' = L-y g
L L
M
So that f L = mR = m L-y g
L
Substituting these value of W and fL in eqn. (i)
149. A block is kept on an inclined plane of inclination q of
length l. The velocity of particle at the bottom of inclined M M
is (the coefficient of friction is m) We get m L - y g = yg
L L
(a) 2 gl(m cos q - sin q ) mL 0.25L L
Or m L - y = y or y = = =
(b) 2 gl(sin q - m cos q ) m + 1 1.25 5
(c) 2 gl(sin q + m cos q ) y 1 1

Or = = ´ 100% = 20%
L 5 5
(d) 2 gl(cos q + m sin q )
Ans. (b)
Sol. Acceleration (a) = g(sin q - m cos q ) and s = l
v = 2as = 2 gl(sin q - m cos q )

150. A heavy uniform chain lies on horizontal table top. If the
coefficient of friction between the chain and the table
surface is 0.25, then the maximum fraction of the length of
the chain that can hang over one edge of the table is

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LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 1

EXERCISE–1: Basic Objective Questions

(d) none of these 6. A body of mass 2 kg is moving with a velocity 8 m/s on a

7. A body of mass 0.1 kg attains a velocity of 10 m/s in 0.1 s. Ans. (c)

Thus applied force on the body will be;

F 5 ´10 4 Ans: (a)

DPx = - mv cos 60o - mv cos 60°

33. A student unable to answer a question on Newton’s laws

For mass m to be at rest, net force on m should be zero

Or T = 60 ´ g ´ 3 = 103.9 gN Considering the equilibrium of bird

44. Ten coins are placed on top of each other on a horizontal

47. Tension in the rope at the rigid support is (g = 10 m/s2)

T1 cos 30° = T2 cos 30° æ L ö x

(a) 0° (b) 30°

2g g Þ 2×100 cos q = 100

To get tension T1 consider B and C as a common system

(a) 30° (b) 60°

65. A block A of mass 7 kg is placed on a frictionless table. A

(a) 100 ms–2 (b) 3 ms–2

Let the common tension in the string is T and

For block B 3 g - T = 3a ...(2) T - 6 g + 10 g - T = 6a + 10a

Considering F.B.D. of mass M on the incline

Considering common acceleration ‘ a ’ of the system Mg sin q - T = Ma .......(1)

For 4 kg block, N = m ' a = 4 ´ 0.5 = 2 N

For mass m1 , T - m1 g = m1a

0.06 ´ 10 - 0.04 ´ 10 2 N sin q

(downward) felt by man (80kg) will be given by;

up so that the block of mass M exerts a force 7 Mg/4 on

(a) g/4 (b) g/2

Limiting friction of the block is Flim = m N

When the body begins to slide

mg sin q = f lim Þ F cosq = m N

(a) 6 m/s2 (b) 5 m/s2

(a) 42 N (b) 42 kgf

132. A block A with mass 100 kg is resting on another block B

a2 = acceleration of lower block

Miscellaneous Cases in Friction

136. The blocks A and B are arranged as shown in the figure.

(a) 2.0 kg (b) 4.0 kg

= P - mg sin q = 750 - 500 = 250 N

Net force along the plane

(a) 1/2 (b) 2/3

Þ ma = mg sin 600 + m mg cos 600

146. A metallic chain 1m long lies on a horizontal surface of a

(a) 20% (b) 25%

(a) 100 N (b) 250 N

(c) 2 gl(sin q + m cos q ) y 1 1

v = 2as = 2 gl(sin q - m cos q )

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