SCIENCE MELC 6-WEEK 5

Name of Learner: LONGNO, JEXY REIGHN S.

Grade and Section: 10-STE Date: 03/23/22
ACTIVITY 1

PART A

1. What are fossils?

The remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a

mold or cast in rock.

2. Why is fossils record are important in the study of evolution?

When you hear talk of evidence for evolution, the first thing that frequently comes to mind for most people is fossils. The fossil
record has one important, unique characteristic: it is our only actual glimpse into the past where common descent is
proposed to have taken place. As such it provides invaluable evidence for common descent.

3. How does the fossil record show evidence of evolution?

The most compelling evidence for evolution in the fossil record comes from transitional fossils, which show the gradual change
between two different species. Fossils provide evidence for evolution because they are the remains of ancient organisms that once
lived on Earth.

ACTIVITY 2A
1. Homologous structures
2. Analogous structures
3. Homologous structures
4. Analogous structures
5. Homologous structures

ACTIVITY 2B

1. Are the same bones found in each organism?

YES. They have the same bone structures.

2. Are the bones arranged similarly in each organism?

YES. The bones are arranged in similar ways.

3. What could account for the similarities in structures?

Similarities in structure among these organisms that they have a common ancestor. Both are vertebrates.

4. What could account for the differences?

Though all vertebrates have the same fundamental bone structures, they have become adapted to different ways of life. Thus, the
human arm is used for lifting or carrying while the cat leg is used for walking.

5. Structures that are similar in form and origin but modified to adapt to different functions are
called

Homologous structures

6. What functions do the structure share?

These structures bird wings and butterfly wings have a similar function which is used for flying.

7. How do these structures differ?

These structures differ in origin; the bird is a vertebrate while the butterfly is an invertebrate.

8. Do you think birds and insects have a common ancestor? Why or Why not?

No, they don’t have a common ancestor, they share the same function but greatly differ in anatomy, therefore they evolved
independently of one another.
 9. Structures that are similar in functions but have different evolutionary origins are called

Analogous structures

10. How does comparative anatomy provide evidence for evolution?

By studying the comparative anatomy of organisms, scientists can study the differences and similarities of organisms and can
classify these organisms which may be closely related or not, or these organisms have evolved from a common ancestor.

ACTIVITY 3

TABLE 2

COMPARING PRIMATE AMINO ACIDS

PRIMATE DIFFERENCE IN AMINO ACID FROM PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCES

HUMAN
Baboon 5 33.33%
Chimpanzee 0 0
Gorilla 0 0
Lemur 7 46.67&
QUESTIONS

1. Based on your answer, which primate is closely related to humans?

Chimpanzee and gorilla

2. Which primate is least related to a human?

Lemur

3. If the amino acid sequence of two organisms is similar, will their DNA be also the same? Explain
your answer.

Yes, the similarity in DNA sequence may suggest similarity in their DNA sequence, it suggests a closer relationship among these
organisms.

4. How does genetic code provide evidence for evolution?

V.REFLECT

I understand almost all of what I’ve read.

I don’t understand most about comparative anatomy.

I need more information about everything.