 SHARP PRACTICE QUESTIONS 

1. For any three sets A, B and C, A × (B' ∪ C' )' equals

(1) (A × B) ∩ (A × C) (2) (A × B) ∪ (B × C) (3) (A × C) ∩ (B × C) (4) (A × C) ∪ (B × C)
2. Let S be the set of all real numbers. Then the relation R = {(a, b): 1 + ab > 0} on S
is
1) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
2) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
3) symmetric and transitive but not reflexive
4) reflexive symmetric and transitive.
3. On the set Z of integers define a relation R by a R b if |a – b| ≤ 3. Then R is
1) an equivalence relation
2) reflexive, symmetric but not transitive
3) symmetric, transitive, but not reflexive
4) symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive
4. For x, y ∈ R, define a relation R by x R y if and only if x – y + 2 is an irrational
number. Then R is
1) an equivalence relation 2) R is symmetric
3) R is transitive 4) none of these
5. S is a relation over the set R of all real numbers and it is given by (a, b) ∈ S ⇔ ab ≥ 0.
Then, S is
1) symmetric and transitive only 2) reflexive and symmetric only
3) Transitive only 4) an equivalence relation
6. On the set N of natural numbers, define the relation R by a R b iff the GCD of a and b
is 2, then R is
1) reflexive but not symmetric
2) symmetric only
3) equivalence
4) neither reflexive, nor symmetric and transitive
7. If R = {(a, b): |a + b| = a + b} is a relation defined on a set {-1, 0, 1}, then R is
1) reflexive 2) symmetric
3) anti symmetric 4) transitive
8. Let R be the relation on the set of all real numbers defined by aRb iff |a – b| ≤ 1.
Then, R is
1) Reflexive and symmetric 2) symmetric only
3) Transitive only 4) anti-symmetric only
9. Which one of the following relations on R is an equivalence relation?
1) a R1 b ⇔ |a| = |b| 2) a R2 b ⇔ a ≥ b
3) a R3 b ⇔ a divides b 4) a R4 b ⇔ a < b
10. Let R be a relation over the set N x N and it is defined by
(a, b) R (c, d)  a + d = b + c. Then, T is
1) Reflexive only 2) symmetric only
3) transitive only 4) an equivalence relation
Z − Z2
11. A relation R on the set of complex numbers defined by Z1RZ2 ⇔ 1 is real then
Z1 + Z2
which of the following is not true?
1) R is reflexive 2) Symmetric
3) R is transitive 4) none of these

16
12. If A is the set of even natural numbers less than 8 and B is the set of prime numbers
less than 7, then the number of relations from A to B is
1) 29 2) 92 3) 32 4) 29 – 1
13. If A = {1, 2, 3}, the number of reflexive relations in A is
1) 9 2) 3 3) 64 4) 46
14. A and B are two sets having 3 and 4 elements respectively and having 2 elements in
common. The number of relations which can be defined from A to B is
1) 25 2) 210 – 1 3) 212 – 1 4) 212
15. If a set has 13 elements and R is a reflexive relation on A with n elements, then
1) 13 ≤ n ≤ 26 2) 0 ≤ n ≤ 26 3) 13 ≤ n ≤ 169 4) 0 ≤ n ≤ 169
16. Let R be a reflexive relation on a finite set A having n-elements, and let there be m
ordered pairs in R. Then,
1) m ≥ n 2) m ≤ n 3) m = n 4) none of these
17. Define a relation on N, which is reflexive?
1) x is greater than y, x, y ∈ N 2) x + y = 10, x, y ∈ N
3) x y is square of an integer x, y ∈ N 4) x + 4y = 10 x, y ∈ N
18. R be the relation on the set N of natural numbers defined by xRy if and only if
x + 2y = 8 . The domain of R is
(1) {2, 4,7} (2) {1,2, 4} (3) {2, 4, 6} (4) {2, 6, 8}
19. Let A = {1,2,3} and consider the relation R = {(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)(1,2)(2,3)(1,3)} then R is
(1) reflexive but not symmetric
(2) reflexive but not transitive
(3) symmetric and transitive
(4) neither symmetric nor transitive
20. If a realtion R on the set {1, 2, 3} be defined by R={(1, 2)}, then R is
(1) reflexive (2) transitive (3) symmetric (4) equivalence

17
  SHARP PRACTICE QUESTIONS 

1. If f: R → R is defined by f (x) = 2x + |x| then f (2x) + f (-x) – f (x) =

1) 2x 2) 2|x| 3) -2x 4) -2|x|
1−a  2a 
2. If f (a) = log for 0 < a < 1 then f  =
1+a 1 + a 
2

1
1) f (a) 2) 2f (a) 3) f (a) 4) –f (a)
2
1
3. If f: R → R, is defined by f (x) = x – [x] – ∀ x ∈ R where [x] is greatest integer not
2
1
exceeding x then {x ∈ R: f (x) = }=
2
1) Z 2) N 3) φ 4) R
4. If f (x) = lx and a, b, c are in A. P., k, l are constants then f (a – k), f (b – k), f (c – k)
are in
1) A. P 2) G. P 3) H. P 4) A. G. P
 1 1
5. Let f  x +  = x2 + 2 , (x ≠ 0) then f (x) equals
 x x
1) x2 – 2 for all x 2) x2 – 2 for all |x| ≥ 2
3) x – 2 for all |x| ≤ 2
2
4) none of these
6. Let f (x) = |x – 1|, then
1) f (x2) = {f (x)}2 2) f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y)
3) f( |x|) = |f (x)| 4) none
7. Let f (θ) = sin θ (sin θ + sin 3θ) then f (θ)
1) ≥ 0 only when θ ≥ 0 2) ≤ 0 for all real θ
3) ≥ 0 for all real θ 4) ≤ 0 for θ ≤ 0
8. Let f (x) = x and g (x) = |x| for all x ∈ R. Then the function φ (x) satisfying
{φ (x) – f (x)2} + {φ (x) – g (x)}2 = 0, is
1) φ (x) = x, x ∈ [0, ∞) 2) φ (x) = x, x ∈ R
3) φ (x) = x, x ∈ (-∞, 0] 4) φ (x) = x + |x|, x ∈ R
x x
9. Let f (x) = sin2 2 + cos2 and g (x) = sec2x – tan2x. Then two functions are equal
2
over that set
1) φ 2) R
π
3) R – {x |x = (2n + 1) , n ∈ Ζ} 4) none of these
2
10. If f is a function such that f (0) = 2, f (1) = 3 and f (x + 2) = 2f (x) – f (x + 1) for
every real x then f (5) is
1) 7 2) 13 3) 1 4) 5
11. Let f (x) = ([a] – 5[a] + 4)x – (6{a} – 5{a} + 1)x – (tan x) × sgn x be an even
2 3 2

function for all x ∈ R. Then the sum of all possible values of a is (where [.] and {.}
denote greatest integer function and fractional part function, respectively)
17 53 31 35
1) 2) 3) 4)
6 6 3 3
12. A function f: A → B, where A = {x : -1 ≤ x ≤ 1} and B = {y : 1 ≤ y ≤ 2} is defined by
the rule y = f(x) = 1 + x2. Which of the following statements is then true?
1) f is injective but not surjective 2) f is surjective but not injective
3) f is both surjective and injective 4) f is neither surjective nor injective

38
 x3
13. The function f: [0, ∞) → [0, ∞) defined by f(x) = is
1 + x3
1) a bijective function 2) one –one but not onto
3) onto but not one-one 4) neither one – one nor onto
2x
14. Let f: (-1, 1) → B, be a function defined by f (x) = tan-1 1 − x 2 then f is both one-one

and onto when B is the interval

1) (0, π/2) 2) [0, π/2) 3) [-π/2, π/2] 4) (-π/2, π/2)
15. If f: [0, ∞) → R defined by f (x) = x , then f is
2

1) not a function 2) one – one 3) onto 4) one – one onto

16. If f: R → R given by f (x) = x3 + (a + 2)x2 + 3ax + 5 is one – one, then a belongs to

the interval
1) (-∞, 1) 2) (1, ∞) 3) (1, 4) 4) (4, ∞)
17. Let f: R → R be given by f (x) = [x]2 + [x + 1] – 3, where [x] denotes the greatest
integer less than or equal to x. Then, f (x) is
1) many-one and onto 2) many-one and into
3) one-one and into 4) one-one and onto
x
18. The function f: [0, ∞) → R given by f (x) = , is
x +1
1) one –one and onto 2) one – one but not onto
3) onto but not one – one 4) neither one – one nor onto
19. The function f: R → R defined by f (x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) is
1) one – one but not onto 2) onto but not one – one
3) both one and onto 4) neither one – one nor onto
20. For real x, let f (x) = x3 + 5x + 1, then
1) f is one – one but not onto on R 2) f is onto on R but not one – one
3) f is one – one and onto on R 4) f is neither one – one nor onto on R
21. Consider the real valued function satisfying 2 f (sin x) +9 f (cos x) = x then which of
the following is not true?
 2π π 
1) Domain of f (x) is [-1, 1] 2) Range of f (x) is − , 
 3 3
3) f (x) is one-one 4) none of these
22. Which one of the following functions is one – one?
1) f: R → R given by f (x) = |x – 1| for all x ∈ R
2) g: [-π/2, π/2] → R given by g (x) = |sin x|
3) h: [-π/2, π/2] → R given by h (x) = sin x for all x ∈ [-π/2, π/2]
4) φ: R → R given by f (x) = x2 – 4 for all x ∈ R.
23. If f: R → S is given by f(x) = 2 sin x + 5 cos x – 3 and f is onto, then S must be
1) [-3, 0] 2) [-6, 0] 3) [-3, 6] 4) [-1, 2 + 5 ]
24. The number of one –one functions that can be defined from {a, b, c, d} into
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} is
1) 46 2) 64 3) 6P4 4) 6C4
25. If f: [-6, 6] → R is defined by f(x) = x – 3 for x ∈ R then
2

(fofof)(-1) + (fofof) (0) + fofof(1)=

1) f (4 2 ) 2) f (3 2 ) 3) f (2 2 ) 4) f ( 2 )
26. If f: R → R and g: R → R are defined by f (x) = 3x – 4 and g (x) = 2 + 3x then
(g-1o f-1) (5) =
1) 1 2) 1/2 3) 1/3 4) 1/5

39
27. Let f (x) = x2 and g (x) = 2x. Then, the solution set of the equation fog (x) = gof (x) is
1) R 2) {0} 3) {0, 2} 4) none of these
1
28. Let f (x) = . Then, {f0 (f0f)} (x)
1−x
1) x for all x ∈ R 2) x for all x ∈ R – {1}
3) x for all x ∈ R – {0, 1} 4) none of these
29. Let f: R → R, g: R → R be two functions given by f (x) = 2x – 3, g (x) = x3 + 5. Then,
(fog)-1 (x) is equal to
1
1/3 1/3 1/3
x + 7 x − 7 x − 2  x − 7 3
1)   2)   3)   4)  
 2   2   7   2 
30. If g (x) = 1 + x and f (g (x)) = 3 + 2 x + x then, f (x) is equal to
1) 1 + 2x2 2) 2 + x2 3) 1 + x 4) 2 + x
− 1, x < 0

31. Let g (x) = 1 + x – [x] and f (x) =  0, x = 0 . Then for all x, f (g (x)) is equal to
 1, x > 0

(where [.] represents the greatest integer function)
1) x 2) 1 3) f (x) 4) g (x)
 x, x is rational
32. If f (x) =  , then f (f (x)) is
1 − x, x is irrational
 x, x is irrational
1) x ∀ x ∈ R 2) 
1 − x, x is rational
 x, x is rational
3)  4) none of these
1 − x, x is irrational
33. If f (x) = sin x + cos x, g (x) = x2 – 1, then g (f (x)) is invertible in the domain
 π  π π  π π
1) 0,  2) − ,  3) − ,  4) [0, π]
 2  4 4  2 2
34. If f: R → R, f (f (x)) = (f (x))2, then fff (x) is equal to
1) (f (x4))2 2) (f (x))4 3) (f (x2))2 4) f (x4)
35. Let f and g be two functions with domains Df and Dg respectively, then domain of the
function (gof) (x) = g (f(x)) is
1) Df ∩ Dg 2) Df ∪ Dg
3) {x ∈ Dg: g(x) ∈ Df} 4) {x ∈ Df : f(x) ∈ Dg}
1−x
36. If f(x) = , then f {f(cos x)} =
1+x
x 1 − cos x
1) cos x 2) tan2  2  3) 4) x
1 + cos x
1
37. If g (x) = x2 + x – 2 and (gof)(x) = 2x2 – 5x + 2 then f (x) is equal to
2
1) 2x – 3 2) 2x + 3 3) 2x2 + 3x + 1 4) 2x2 – 3x – 1
38. If f (x) = x2 and g (x) = x , then which of the following is not true?
1) (gof) (4) = 4 2) (fog) (-4) = 4 3) (fog) (2) = 2 4) (gof) (-2) = 2
1, if x rational ( )
f (1 / 2) + f 5
39. f (x) = 
 0 if x irrational
Then
( )
(f o f ) 3
=

1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 1/2

40
 2x + 3
40. If f: R – {5/2} → R – {-1} defined by f (x) = then f –1
(x) =
5 − 2x
5x − 3 4x + 3 7 + 5x 2 − 5x
1) 2) 3) 4)
2 + 2x x +1 3 − 2x 3 + 7x

41. If f (x) = (x + 1)2 – 1, x ≥ -1 then the set S = {x: f (x) = f-1 (x)} =
 − 3 + i 3 − 3 − i 3 
1) 0,−1, ,  2) {0, 1, -1}
 2 2 
(3) {0, -1} (4) {}
1
42. If f: [1, ∞) → [2, ∞) is given by f (x) = x + then f – 1 (x) =
x
x + x2 − 4 x x − x2 − 4
1) 2) 3) 4) x + x2 − 4
2 1 + x2 2
43. Let f: [4, ∞) → [4, ∞) be defined by f(x) = 5x(x – 4). Then, f-1(x) is
x (x − 4 )
1
1) 2 - 4 + log5 x 2) 2 + 4 + log5 x
3)   4) not defined
5
44. If f: R → R, defined by f (x) = x + 1, then the values of f
2 –1
(17) and f –1
(-3)
respectively are
1) φ, {4, -4} 2) {3, -3}, φ 3) {4, -4}, φ 4) {4, -4}, {2, -2}

 x 3 − 1, x < 2
45. Let f (x) =  2 . Then
x + 3, x ≥ 2
–1  (x + 1)1 / 3 , x < 2 –1  (x + 1)1 / 3 , x < 7
1) f (x) =  2) f (x) = 
(x − 3)1 / 2 , x ≥ 2 (x − 3)1 / 2 , x ≥ 7

–1  (x + 1)1 / 3 , x < 1
3) f (x) =  4) f – 1 (x) = does not exist
(x − 3) , x ≥ 7
1/2

46. Let f: N → Y be a function defined as f (x) = 4x + 3, where Y = {y ∈ N: y = 4x + 3 for

some x ∈ N}. Then its inverse is
3y + 4 y+3
1) g (y) = 2) g (y) = 4 +
3 4
y+3 y −3
3) g (y) = 4) g (y) =
4 4
 π 2π 
47. Let f: − ,  → [0, 4] be a function defined as f (x) = 3 sin x – cos x + 2.
 3 3
–1
Then f (x) is given by
x − 2 π x − 2 π
1) sin –1  − 2) sin –1  +
 2  6  2  6
2π x − 2
– 1 
3) + cos  2  4) none of these
3
48. If f (x) is an invertible function and g (x) = 2f (x) + 5, then the value of g – 1 (x) is
1 1 –1 x − 5
–1  
1) 2f – 1 (x) – 5 2) 3) f (x) + 5 4) f
2f −1 (x ) + 5 2  2 

49. The domain of the function cos x − 1 is

1) { } 2) R 3) {2nπ : n ∈ I} 4) none of these

41
 x2 + x + 2
50. Range of the function f (x) = , where x is a real number is
x2 + x + 1
 7  7
1) (3, 5) 2) [1, 3] 3) 1,  4) 1, 
 5  3
sin−1 (x − 3)
51. The domain of the function f (x) = is
9 − x2
1) [1, 2] 2) [2, 3) 3) [2, 3] 4) [2, 4] – {3}
52. The domain and range of f given by f (x) = 2 − x − 5
(1) R+ ,(−∞,1] (2) R,(−∞,2] (3) R,(−∞,2) (4) R+ ,(−∞,2]
2 + x − [x]
53. The range of f(x) = is
1 − x + [x]
1) [0, 1) 2) [2, ∞) 3) [0, 1) ∪ (1, 2] 4) R+
 x2 + 1 
54. The range of f (x) =sin-1  2  is

 x + 2 
1) [0, π/2] 2) (0, π/6) 3) [π/6, π/2) 4) none of these
e −e
x |x|
55. The range of the function f(x) = is
e x + e|x|
1) (-∞, ∞) 2) [0, 1) 3) (-1, 0] 4) (-1, 1)

42
  ANSWERS TO SHARP PRACTICE QUESTIONS 

SETS

1. Ans: (1)
8n – 7n – 1 = (1 + 7)n – 7n – 1
= (nC0 + nC1 x 7 + nC2 x 72 + ... + nCn x 7n) – (7n + 1)
= 72(nC2 + nC3 x 7 + ... + nCn x 7n-2)
∴ X contains some multiples of 49.
Clearly, Y contains all multiples of 49 including 0.
∴ X ⊂ Y.
2. Ans: (4)
The term “intelligent” is not a well defined term. So, the given collection does not
form a set.
3. Ans: (1)
(A ∪ B)’ ∪ (A’ ∩ B)
= (A’ ∩ B’) ∪ (A’ ∩ B)
= (A’ ∪ A’) ∩ (A’ ∪ B) ∩ (B’ ∪ A’) ∩ (B’ ∪ B) [By dist. of ∪ over ∩]
= A’ ∩ (A’ ∪ B) ∩ (B’ ∪ A’) ∩ ∪ = A’ ∩ (A’ ∪ B) ∩ (B’ ∪ A’)
= A’ ∩ {(A ∩ B’)’ ∪ (A ∩ B)’} = A’ ∩ {(A ∩ B’) ∩ (A ∩ B)}’ = A’ ∩ A’
= A’.
4. Ans: (3)
For any (a, b) ∈ A x B, a ∈ A and b ∈ B. Now (a, b) will belong to B x A only if a ∈ B
and b ∈ A and that can happen only if A ∩ B ≠ φ. But in this case A ∩ B = φ therefore
(A x B) ∩ (B x A) = φ.
5. Ans: (4)
(Ac ∪ B)c = (Ac)c ∩ Bc = A ∩ Bc
= A – B = A – (A ∩ B).
6. Ans: (1)
So we have y=ex & y = e-x  ex =e-x  e2x = 1  2x = 0, x = 0  y = 1
∴ (0, 1) ∈ P ∩ Q
7. Ans: (2)
Required power set of A = {φ, {φ}, {{φ}}, A}.
8. Ans: (3)
B = {t + 1 : t = 2n, n ∈ Z}
= {2n + 1 : n ∈ Z}
= {x : x is odd and x ∈ Z}.
9. Ans: (1)
|x – 3| < 1 and |y – 3| < 1  2 < x < 4 and 2 < y < 4
Thus, A is the set of all points (x, y) lying inside the square formed by the lines x = 2,
x = 4, y = 2 and y = 4.
We have, 4x2 + 9y2 – 32x – 54y + 109 ≤ 0
 4(x2 – 8x) + 9(y2 – 6y) + 109 ≤ 0  4(x – 4)2 + 9(y – 3)2 ≤ 36


(x − 4)2 +
(y − 3)2 ≤ 1.
32 22

43
 Thus, B is the set of all points lying inside the ellipse having its centre at (4, 3) and
major and minor axes of lengths 3 and 2 units.
It can be easily seen by drawing the graphs of two regions that A ⊂ B.
10. Ans: (2)
11. Ans: (2)
n (A) = 40, n (B) = 20, n (C) = 10, n (A ∩ B) = 5, n (B ∩ C) = 3,
n (A ∩ C) = 4, n (A ∩ B ∩ C) = 2
n (A ∪ B ∪ C) = n (A ) + n (B) + n (C) – n (A ∩ B) – n (B ∩ C) –
n (A ∩ C) + n (A ∩ B ∩ C)
= 40 + 20 + 10 – 5 – 3 – 4 + 2 = 60
n [A ∪ B ∪ C]c = 100 – n (A ∪ B ∪ C) = 100 – 60 = 40.
40
∴ the number of families which buy noen of A, B and C = x 10000 = 4000
100
12. Ans: (1)
13. Ans: (1)
A = {x: cos x > - 1/2, 0 ≤ x ≤ π} = {x: 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π/3}
1 π π π
B = {x: sin x > , ≤ x ≤ π} = {x: ≤ x ≤ 5 }
2 3 3 6
 π 2π 
∴ A ∩ B =  , .
3 3 
14. Ans: (4)
There are n choices for the first coordinate, n – 1 choices for second coordinates and
n – 2 choices for the third coordinate, hence n({x, y, z); x, y, z ∈ A, x ≠ y ≠ z})
= n(n – 1) (n – 2) = n3 – 3n2 + 2n.
15. Ans: (3)
(A ∪ B ∪ C) ∩ (A ∩ B| ∩ C|)| ∩ C| = (A ∪ B ∪ C) ∩ (A| ∪ B ∪ C) ∩ C|
= [(A ∩ A|) ∪ (B ∪ C)] ∩ C|
= (B ∪ C) ∩ C| = (B ∩ C|) ∪ (C ∩ C|) = B ∩ C|.
16. Ans: (4)
17. Ans: (3)
A’ ∩ B’ ∩ C = only C ∴ (A’ ∩ B’ ∩ C) ∪ (B ∩ C) ∪ (A ∩ C) = C
18. Ans: (3)
n (P) = 25%, n (C) = 15%
n (PC ∩ CC) = 65%, n (P ∩ C) = 2000
Since n (PC ∩ CC) = 65%  n (P ∪ C)C = 65%  n (P ∪ C) = 35%
Now n (P ∪ C) = n (P) + n (C) – n (P ∩ C)  35 = 25 + 15 – n (P ∩ C)
 n (P ∩ C) = 40 – 35 = 5
Thus n (P ∩ C) = 5%, but n (P ∩ C) = 2000  5% of the total = 2000
2000 × 100
 Total number of families = = 40000.
5
19. Ans: (3)

From diagram A ∩ B = [2, 7],

(A ∪ B)’ = (-∞, -3) ∪ (9, ∞)
-3 2 7 9
A – B = [-3, 2)
A – B’ = [2, 7] where B’ = (-∞, 2) ∪ (9, ∞).

44
20. Ans: (1)
A ∪ B = (A – B) ∪ (A ∩ B) ∪ (B – A) [disjoint union]
∴ 20 = 5 + 6 + n (A ∩ B)  n(A ∩ B) = 9.
21. Ans: (3)
The given function is f (x) = x – [x]
Since, [x] ≤ x ∴ -[x] ≥ - x  x – [x] ≥ 0  f (x) ≥ 0
Also, x – [x] <1 ∴ 0 ≤ x – [x] < 1  0 ≤ f (x) < 1
∴ The range of f = [0, 1).
22. Ans: (3)
If U is universal set then B = U – A = A’, for which n (B) = n (A’) = n (U) – n (A)
But for any three arbitrary sets A, B, C we cannot have always n (C) = n (A) – n (B) if
C = A – B as it is not specified here that whether A is universal set or not. In case A is
not universal set we cannot conclude that n (C) = n (A) – n (B).
Hence, statement 1 is true but statement 2 is false.
23. Ans: (2)

A B

20 10

Let A and B be the set of staff members who drink tea and coffee respectively.
“At least one of A and B means A ∪ B”
Given n (∪) = 50; n[(A ∪ B)c] = 5
∴ n (A ∪ B) = 50 – 5 = 45.
24. Ans: (4)
n (A ∪ B ∪ C) = n (A) + n (B) + n (C) – n (A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ C) –
n (C ∩ A) + n (A ∩ B ∩ C)
= 12 + 16 + 21 – 5 – 12 – 8 + 3 = 27.

25. Ans (1)

By data 2m − 2n = 56  m = 6, n = 3

45
RELATIONS

1. Ans: (1)
We have, A x (B’ ∪ C’)’ = A x (B ∩ C) = (A x B) ∩ (A x C).
2. Ans: (1)
Since 1 + aa = 1 + a2 > 0 for all a ∈ S, therefore, (a, a) ∈ R  R is reflexive.
Also, (a, b) ∈ R  1 + ab > 0  1 + ba > 0  (b, a) ∈ R
Hence, R is symmetric. R is not transitive as (a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R need not imply
(a, c)∈ R.
  
∵ 1 + 5 × 3 > 0 and 1 + 3 − 1  > 0 
  
   4  
 1  1
but  5,−  ∉ R as 1 + 5  −  > 0) .
 4   4
3. Ans: (2)
|a – a| = 0 ≤ 3; |a – b| ≤ 3  |b – a| ≤ 3; |5 – 3| ≤ 3 and |3 – 1| ≤ 3 but |5 -1|.
4. Ans: (4)
Since x – x + 2= 2 which is an irrational number so x R x for all x ∈ R. Hence R is
reflexive. R is not symmetric as ( 2 , 1) ∈ R but (1, 2 ) ∉ R. Again R is not transitive
since ( 2 , 1) ∈ R and (1, 2 2 ) ∈ R but ( 2 , 2 2 ) ∉ R.
5. Ans: (4)
Reflexivity: For any a ∈ R, we have a2 = aa ≥ 0  (a, a) ∈ S.
Thus, (a, a) ∈ S for all a ∈ R.
So, S is a reflexive relation on R.
Symmetry: Let (a, b) ∈ S. Then, (a, b) ∈ S  ab ≥ 0  ba ≥ 0  (b, a) ∈ S.
Thus, (a, b) ∈ S  (b, a) ∈ S for all a, b ∈ R. So, S is a symmetric relation on R.
Transitivity: Let a, b, c ∈ R such that (a, b) ∈ S and (b, c) ∈ S
 ab ≥ 0 and bc ≥ 0
 a, b, c are of the same sign
 ac ≥ 0
 (a, c) ∈ R. Thus, (a, b) ∈ S, (b, c) ∈ S  (a, c) ∈ S.
So, S is transitive relation on R.
Hence, S is an equivalence relation on R.
6. Ans: (2)
For any a ∈ N, we have (GCD of a and a) = a
So, R is not reflexive. Let (a, b) ∈ R. Then, a R b
 GCD of a and b is 2
 GCD of b and a is also 2
bRa
So, R is symmetric.
We observe that: GCD of 6 and 4 is 2 and GCD of 4 and 18 is also 2. But, GCD of 6
and 18 is 6. i.e., 6 R 4 and 4 R 18 but 6 ℟ 18. So, R is not transitive.
7. Ans: (2)
Let (a, b) ∈ R then |a + b| = a + b  |b + a| = b + a  (b, a) ∈ R.
∴ R is symmetric.

46
8. Ans: (1)
|a – a| = 0 < 1 ∴ aRa ∀ a ∈ R
Therefore, R is reflexive. Again aRb  |a – b| ≤ 1 and |b – a| ≤ 1  bRa
1 1 1
Therefore, R is symmetric. Again 1R and R1 but is not related to 1
2 2 2
Therefore, R is not anti symmetric. Further, 1R2 and 2R3 but (1,3) ∉ R ,
[∵ |1 – 3| = 2> 1]
Therefore, R is not transitive.
9. Ans: (1)
aR1b ⇔ |a| = |b| satisfies.
10. Ans: (4)
We have (a, b) R (a, b) for all (a, b) ∈ N x N. As a + b = b + a. Hence, R is reflexive/
R is symmetric for we have (a, b) R (c, d)
a+d=b+cd+a=c+b c+b=d+a
Then, by definition of R, we have
(a,b) ∈ R(c, d) & (c, d)R(e, f)
 a+ d = b+ c& c + f = d+ e
a+b+ c + f = b+ c +d+ e
a+ f = b +e
(a,b)R(e, f) R is transitive
11. Ans: (4)
z1 − z1
z1Rz1  =0 ∴ R is reflexive because 0 is real
z1 + z1
z1 − z2 z − z 
z1Rz2  is real  −  1 2 
 real
z1 + z2  z1 + z2 
∴ R is symmetric
z1 = a1 + ib1 ; z2 = a2 + ib2
z − z2
z1Rz2  1 is real
z1 + z2
 (a1 + a2) (b1 – b2) – (a1 – a2) (b1 + b2) = 0
a1 a
 2a2b1 – 2b2a1 = 0  = 2
b1 b2
a2 a
∴ z2Rz3  = 3 ∴ z1Rz3  R is transitive
b2 b3
12. Ans: (1)
Here, A = {2, 4, 6} and B = {2, 3, 5}
 A x B contains 3 x 3 = 9 elements.
Hence number of relations from A to B is 29 as A x B has 29 subsets.
13. Ans: (3)
The number of reflexive relations = 23(3-1) = 26 = 64.
14. Ans: (4)
The number of elements in A x B is 12. Hence the number of subsets of A x B is 212.
15. Ans: (3)
Since R is a reflexive relation on A. ∴ (a, a) ∈ R ∀ a ∈ A
 n(A) ≤ n(R) ≤ n(A x R)  13 ≤ n(R) ≤ 169.

47
16. Ans: (1)
As R is reflexive relation on A, (a, a) ∈ R for all a ∈ A. The minimum number of
ordered pairs in R is n. Hence, m ≥ n.
17. Ans: (3)
X is not greater than x; 2 + 2 ≠ 10; but x. x = x2. Which is the square of an integer
X∈N
18. Ans: (3)
We have x = 8 − 2y, y ∈ N
y =1 x = 6
y =2 x =4
y =3 x =2
Domain of R={2, 4, 6}
19. Ans : (1)
Clearly R is reflexive
(2,3) ∈ R but (3,2) ∉ R , Thus R is not symmetric
20. Ans: (2)
Clearly R is transitive

FUNCTIONS

1. Ans: (2)
If x ≥ 0 then f (x) = 2x + |x| = 3x. If x < 0 then f (x) = 2x + |x| = x.
Suppose x ≥ 0. Then f (2x) + f (-x) – f (x) = 3 (2x) – x – 3x = 2x = 2|x|
Suppose x < 0. Then f (2x) + f (-x) – f (x) = 2x + 3 (-x) – x = -2x = 2|x|.

2. Ans: (2)
 2a 
1−
 2a 
f

 = log 1 + a2

 = log
1 + a2 − 2a
= log
(1 − a)2 = 2 log 1 − a = 2f(a).
1 + a 
2
1 + 2a  1 + a2 + 2a (1 + a)2 1+a
 1 + a2 
3. Ans: (3)
1
f (x) =
2
1 1
 x – [x]- =
2 2
∴ x – [x] = 1
Which is not possible ∀ x ∈ R
4. Ans: (1)
a, b, c are in A.P.  a – k, b – k, c – k are in A.P.
 l(a – k), l(b – k), l(c – k) are in A.P.
 f (a – k), f (b – k), f(c – k) are in A.P.

48
5. Ans: (2)
1 1
We have f (x + ) = x2 + 2
x x
1 1
f (x + ) = (x + )2 – 2
x x
1
f (y) = y2 – 2 : y = x +
x
1
Now, y = x + : x ≠ 0  y ≥ 2 or y ≤ -2  > |y| ≥ 2.
x
6. Ans: (4)
Given f (x) = |x – 1|
f (x2) = |x2 – 1| & {f (x)}2 =| (x – 1)|2  f (x2) = (f (x))2 is false
also f (x + y) = |x + y – 1| & f (x) = |x – 1| = f (y) = |y – 1|
∴ f(x + y) = f (x) + f (y) is false
f (|x|) = ||x| -1| & |f (x)| = ||x – 1|| = |x – 1|
f (|x|) ≠ |f (x)| is false.
7. Ans: (3)
f (θ) = sin θ (sin θ + sin 3θ) = sin θ (4 sin θ - 4 sin3θ)
= 4 sin2 θ (1 – sin2θ) = 4 sin2θ cos2θ ≥ 0 ∀ θ ∈ R.
8. Ans: (1)
We have, f(x) = x, g(x) = |x| ∀ x ∈ R and g (x) satisfies the relation.
[φ (x) – f (x)]2 + [φ (x) – g (x)]2 = 0
φ (x) – f (x) = 0 & φ (x) – g (x) = 0
 φ (x) = f (x) = g (x)
but f (x) = g (x) = x ∀ x ≥ 0 (∵ |x| = x ∀ x ≥ 0)
∴ φ(x) = x ∀ x ∈ [0, ∞).
9. Ans: (3)
x x
f (x) = sin2 + cos2 has domain R.
2 2
 π 
g (x) = sec2 x – tan2 x has domain R - (2n + 1) / n ∈ I
 2 
π
Hence, f (x) and g (x) are identical for x ∈ R – {(2n + 1) / n ∈ I}.
2
10. Ans: (2)
Put x = 0  f (2) = 2f (0) – f (1) = 2 x 2 – 3 = 1
Put x = 1  f (3) =2f(1)-f(2)=2x3-1=5
Put x = 2  f (4) = 2f (2) – f (3) = 2 x 1 – 5 = -3
Put x = 3  f(5) = 2f(3) – f(4) = 2(5) – (-3) = 13.
11. Ans: (4)
f (x) = αx3 - βx – (tan x) sgn x
f (-x) = f(x)
or -αx3 + βx – tan x sgn x = αx3 - βx – (tan x) (sgn x) or α = 0 and β = 0
∴ [a]2 – 5[a] + 4 = 0 and 6{a}2 – 5{a} + 1 = 0
or (3{x} – 1) (2{x} – 1) = 0
1 1 1 1
∴ a = 1 + ,1 + ,4 + ,4 + .
3 2 3 2

49
12. Ans: (2)
Here, A = [-1, 1] and B = [1, 2].
Let y ∈ B, then y ∈ Rf if y = x2 + 1 ⇔ x = ± y −1∈ A

(∵ 1 ≤ y ≤ 2 ⇔ 0 ≤ y – 1 ≤ 1 ⇔ 0 ⇔ y − 1 ≤ 1)
∴ Rf = B ⇔ f is onto.
However, f is not one – one as f(x) = f(-x) for all x ∈ A.
13. Ans: (2)

f (x) =
(x 3
)
+1 −1
=1−
1
; f (a) = f (b)  a = b  f is 1 – 1
x +13
x +1
3

x3
Now f (x) ≠ 1 ∵ =10=1
x3 + 1
∴ 1 ∈ codomain and 1 can’t be image of any a ∈ domain ∴ f is not onto.
14. Ans: (4)
B = (-π/2, π/2).
15. Ans: (2)
If f (x) = x2 then f: [0, ∞) → R is a function.
Let x1, x2 ∈ [0, ∞) and f (x1) = f (x2)  x1 = x2 ∴ f is one - one
Not onto because –ve reals of codomain do not have pre image
16. Ans: (3)
Since f: R → R is one – one. Therefore, f(x) is either strictly increasing or strictly
decreasing.
 f’(x) > 0 or f’(x) < 0 for all x  3x2 + 2x (a + 2) + 3a > 0 for all x ∈ R
or 3x2 + 2x (a + 2) + 3a < 0 for all x ∈ R . 3x2 + 2x (a + 2) + 3a > 0 for all x
 4 (a + 2)2 – 36a < 0 [∵ ax2 + bx + c > 0 for all x  Disc < 0]
 4 (a2 + 4a + 4 – 9a) < 0
 (a2 – 5a + 4) < 0  (a – 1) (a – 4) < 0  1 < a < 4
Hence, f(x) is one – one if a ∈ (1, 4).
17. Ans: (2)
We have, f (x) = [x]2 + [x + 1] – 3
 f (x) = [x]2 + [x] + 1 – 3 [∵ [x + n] = [x] + n, where n ∈ Z]
 f (x) = [x]2 + [x] – 2  f (x) = ([x] + 2) ([x] – 1)
Clearly, f(x) = 0 for all x ∈ [1, 2) ∪ [-2, -1).
So, f is a many – one function. Also, f (x) assumes only integral values.
∴ Range of f ≠ R.
Hence, f(x) is a many – one into function.
18. Ans: (2)
x 1
We have, f (x) = =1−
x +1 1+x
Let x, y, ∈ R be such that f (x) = f (y). Then,
1 1
1 − =1− 1+x=1+yx=y
1+ x 1+y
∴ f is one – one.
Clearly, f is not onto as f takes only values less than 1 i.e. Range f = (-∞, 1) ≠ co-
domain of f.

50
19. Ans: (2)
We have f (x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3)  f (1) = f (2) = f (3) = 0
 f (x) is not one – one
For each y ∈ R there exist, x ∈ R such that f (x) = y. ∴ f is onto.
20. Ans: (3)
Given f (x) = x3 + 5x + 1
Now f’ (x) = 3x2 + 5 > 0, ∀ x ∈ R
Therefore, f (x) is a strictly increasing function, and so it is one – one.
Clearly, f(x) is a continuous function and also increasing on R.
lim f (x) = -∞ and lim f(x) = ∞.
x → −∞ x→− =∞

Hence, f (x) takes every value between -∞ and ∞.

Thus, f (x) is an onto function.
21. Ans: (1)
Given 2 f (sin x) + f (cos x) = x ..... (1)
π
Replace x by - x we get
2
π
2f (cos x) + f (sin x) = -x ..... (2)
2
π
Eliminating f (cos x) from (1) and (2) we have f (sin x) = x –
6
π
 f (x) = sin-1 x –
6
Then domain of f (x) is [-1, 1]
 2π π 
Range is − ,  also f (x) is one-one.
 3 3
22. Ans: (3)
The graphs of f, g, h and φ are as shown below:

Y Y

(0,1)
y = |x-1|

X’ O (1,0) X X’  − π  O π  X
i) iii)  ,0   ,0 
 2  2 

y=sin x (0,1)
Y’
Y’
Graph of f(x) = |x – 1| Graph of h(x) = sin x

51
 Y Y
y = |sin x|
π 
 π   ,1
 − ,0  2  y = x2 - 4
 2 
X’ O X
X’  π  O π  X
ii)  − ,0   ,0  iv)
 2  2 

(0, -4)
Y’
Y’
Graph of g(x) = sin x Graph of φ(x) = x2 - 4

It is evident from these graphs that h: [-π/2, π/2] → R given by h(x) = sin x is one –
one and all other functions are many – one as it is possible to draw horizontal lines
cutting or intersecting the curves represented by them at more than one point.
23. Ans: (2)
f is a continuous function; its least value is − 4 + 5 -3 and the highest value is
4 + 5 -3 and hence the range is [-6, 0], which should be the codomain.
24. Ans: (3)
n(B)
The number of one – one functions = Pn(A) = 6P4.
25. Ans: (1)
(fo fof) (-1) + (fofo f) (0) + (fo fo f) (1) = -2 + 33 – 2 = 29, f(4 2 ) = 32 – 3 = 29.
26. Ans: (3)
–1 x+4 –1 x −2
f (x) = 3x – 4  f (x) = , g (x) = 2 + 3x  g (x) = ;
3 3
–1 5+4
f (5) = =3
3
3−2 1
(g –1
of
–1
) (5) = g –1
[f –1
(5)] = g –1
(3) = = .
3 3
27. Ans: (3)
We have f (x) = x2 and g (x) = 2x ∴ fog (x) = gof (x)
2
 f (g (x)) = g (f (x))  f (2x) = g (x2)  (2x)2 = 2 x
2
 22x = 2 x  2x = x2  x (2 – x) = 0  x = 0, 2.
28. Ans: (3)
1
We have f (x) =
1−x
Clearly, f (x) is defined for all x ≠ 1.
For any x (≠ 1), we have
 1  1 x −1
fof (x) = f (f (x)) = f  = =
1 − x  1 − 1 x
1−x
It is evident from the definition of fof (x) that it is defined for all x ≠ 0, 1.
For any x ∈R – {0, 1}, we have
 x − 1 1
{f0 (f0f)} (x) = f (f0f (x)) = f  = =x
 x  1− x −1
x
Hence, {f0 (f0f)} (x) = x for all x ∈ R – {0, 1}.

52
29. Ans: (4)
Since f: R → R and g: R → R, given by f (x) = 2x – 3 and g (x) = x3 + 5 respectively,
are bijection. ∴ f – 1 and g – 1 exist f (x) = 2x – 3
y+3
∴ f (x) = y  x =
2
y+3 x+3
f – 1 (y) = ∴ f – 1 (x) =
2 2
1
also g –1
(x) = (x − 5)3
1 1
x + 3  x + 3 3  x − 7 3
= − 5 = 
–1 –1 –1 –1 –1 –1
(fog) (x). (g of ) (x) = g [f (x)] = g   .
 2   2   2 
30. Ans: (2)
g (x) = 1 + x & f [g(x)] = 3 + 2 x + x
Now f [g (x)] = 3 + 2 x + x
f [g (x)] = 2 + (1 + x )2
f [g (x)] = 2 + (g (x)2
∴ f (x) = 2 + x2.
31. Ans: (3)
− 1, x < 0

g (x) = 1 + {x}, f (x) =  0, x = 0 where {x} represents the fractional part function.
 1, x > 0

− 1, 1 + {x} < 0

Therefore, f (g (x)) =  0, 1 + {x} = 0
 1, 1 + {x} > 0

= 1, 1 + {x} > 0 (∵ 0 ≤ {x} < 1)
= 1 ∀x ∈ R.
32. Ans: (1)
 f(x), f(x) is rational  x, x is rational
f (f (x)) =  =  .
1 − f (x), f (x) is irrational 1 − (1 − x ) = x, x is irrational
33. Ans: (2)
f (x) = sin x + cos x, g (x) = x2 – 1
or g (f (x)) = (sin x + cos x)2 – 1 = sin 2x
π π
Clearly, g (f (x)) is invertible in - ≤ 2x ≤
2 2
(∵ sin θ is invertible when -π/2 ≤ θ ≤ π/2)
π π
or − ≤x≤ .
4 4
34. Ans: (2)
Replacing f (x) by x, we have f (x) = x2
Now f (f (x)) = f (x2) = (x2)2 = x4  f (f (f (x))) = f (x4) = (x4)2 = x8
= (f (x))4  fff (x) = x16 also (f (x4))2 = x16.
35. Ans: (4)
(gof) (x) is meaningful only for those x ∈ Df for which f(x) ∈ Dg.

53
36. Ans: (1)
1 − cos x
Here, f (cos x) =
1 + cos x
2 sin2 (x / 2)
= = tan2(x /2)
2 cos (x / 2)
2

Hence, f{f(cos x)} = f (tan2 (x /2)

1 − tan2 (x / 2)
= = cos (2x/2) = cos x
1 + tan2 (x / 2)
37. Ans: (1)
1
{gof) (x) = 2x2 – 5x + 2
2
(gof)(x) = 4x2 – 10x + 4
g [f (x)] = 4x2 – 10x + 4
−1 ± 1 + (4) (1) (4x 2 − 10x + c)
f (x) =
2 (1)
−1 ± (4x − 5) −1 ± (4x − 5)
= = = 2x – 3, -2x + 2
2 2
38. Ans: (2)
(fog) (x) = f (g (x)) = ( x ) = x. But the domain is R
2 +
∪ {0}

(gof) (x) = g (x2) = x 2 = |x|. The domain is R.

39. Ans: (2)
f (1 / 2) + f( 5 ) 1+0 1 1
(fo f ) ( 3 ) =
[ ( )]
ff 3
= = = 1.
f (0) 1

40. Ans: (1)

2x + 3 –1
f (x) = . Let f (x) = y
5 − 2x
2y + 3
Then x = f (y)  x =  5x–2xy = 2y + 3
5 − 2y
 5x – 3 = 2y + 2xy  y (2 + 2x) = 5x – 3
5x − 3 5x − 3
y=  f – 1 (x) = .
2 + 2x 2 + 2x

41. Ans: (3)

f – 1 (x) = y  x = f (y)  x = (y + 1)2 – 1
 (y + 1)2  x + 1  y + 1 = x +1 y = x +1 - 1
f –1
(x) = x + 1 - 1.
f (x) = f (x)  (x + 1)2 – 1 = x + 1 -1  (x + 1)2 = x + 1  (x + 1)4 = x + 1 = 0
–1

or (x + 1)3 = 1.
 x = -1 or x + 1 = 1 or ω or ω2 [But ω, ω2 are imaginary] x = -1 or x = 0.
∴ S = {0, -1}.
42. Ans: (1)
1 y ± y2 − 4 x + x2 − 4
Let y = f (x) = x +  x2 – yx + 1 = 0  x = f –1
(x) = .
x 2 2

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43. Ans: (2)
Clearly, f: [4, ∞) → [4, ∞) is a bijection. So, it is invertible.
Let f (x) = y. Then, 5x(x – 4) = y
 x2 – 4x = log5y  x2 – 4x – log5y = 0
4 ± 16 + 4 log5 y
x= f –1
(y) = 2 + 4 + log5 y
2
Hence, f –1
(x) = 2 + 4 + log5 x .
44. Ans: (3)
f (x) = x2 + 1 f – 1 (-3) = x
f – 1 (17) = x f (x) = -3
 f (x) = 17 x2 + 1 = -3
x2 + 1 = 17 x2 = - 4
x2 = 16 x∉R
x=±4
∴f – 1 {17} = {4, -4} ∴f –1
(-3) = φ
45. Ans: (2)
 x 3 − 1, x < 2
f (x) =  2
x + 3, x ≤ 2
For f (x) = x3 – 1, x <2, f – 1 (x) = (x + 1)1/3, x < 7
(as x < 2  x3 < 8  x3 – 1 < 7)
For f (x) = x2 + 3, x ≥ 2, f – 1 (x) = (x – 1)1/2, x ≤ 7
(as x ≥ 2  x2 ≥ 4  x2 + 3 ≥ 7).
46. Ans: (4)
The function is increasing means the function is one – one, which in turn means the
function is invertible.
y −3
x= g(y).
4
47. Ans: (2)
 π
y = f (x) = 3 sin x – cos x + 2 = 2 sin  x −  + 2 ………….. (1)
 6
since f (x) is one – one and onto, f is invertible.
 π y −2
From (1) sin  x −  =
 6 2
y −2 π x−2 π
or x = sin-1 + or f –1
(x) = sin-1 + .
2 6 2 6
48. Ans: (4)
–1
Replacing x by g (x), we get x = 2f (g – 1 (x)) + 5
x −5 x − 5
∴f (g – 1 (x)) = ∴ g – 1 (x) = f – 1  2  .
2
49. Ans: (3)
For Df, cos x – 1 ≥ 0, i.e., cos x ≥ 1; but cos x is not greater than 1, therefore, f(x) is
real only if cos x = 1,
i.e., if x = 2nπ, n ∈ I.
Hence, Df = {2nπ : n ∈ I}.

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50. Ans: (4)
First, we note that Df = R
 2 
∵ x 2 + x + 1 =  x + 1  + 3 ≥ 3 for all x ∈ R 
  2 4 4 
 
x2 + x + 2
For Rf, let y =  x2 (y – 1) + x(y – 1) + y – 2 = 0 ….... (1)
x2 + x + 1
Note that y ≠ 1 (for if y = 1, then (1) gives no value of x)
Since x is real, disc of (1) ≥ 0
 (y – 1)2 – 4(y – 1) (y – 2) ≥ 0  (y – 1) (3y – 7) ≤ 0
 7 7
 (y – 1)  y −  ≤ 0  1 ≤ y ≤ but y ≠ 1
 3 3
51. Ans: (2)
For Df, -1 ≤ x – 3 ≤ 1 and 9 – x2 > 0  2 ≤ x ≤ 4 and |x| < 3
 2 ≤ x ≤ 4 and -3 < x < 3  2 ≤ x < 3.
52. Ans: (2)
f (x) is defined for all x ∈ R ∴ domain = R
2 − (x − 5) x ≥ 5
f (x) = 
2 + (x − 5) x < 5
x ≥ 5,7 − x ≤ 2
x < 5, x − 3 < 2 ∴ range = (−∞,2]
53. Ans: (2)
2 + x − [x] 2 + {x}
F (x) = = where{x} is a fractional part of x
1 − x + [x ] 1 − {x}
≥ 2  f(x) ≥ 2
x2 + 1 1
Here, =1−
x +2
2
x +2
2

1 1
Now, 2 ≤ x2 + 2 < ∞ for all x ∈ R or ≥ 2 >0
2 x +2
1 −1 1 1 π  1  π
or − ≤ < 0 or ≤1− 2 < 1 or ≤ sin-1 1 − 2 < .
2 x2 + 2 2 x +2 6  x + 2 2
55. Ans: (3)
 0, x≥0
e x − e|x| 
f (x) = =  ex − e− x
e x + e|x|  e x + e − x x<0

Clearly, f (x) is identically zero if x ≥ 0 ----------- (1)

e x − e −x 1+y
If x < 0, let y = f(x) = −x
or e2x =
e +e
x
1−y
1+y 1+ y 1+ y
∵ x < 0 , 0 < e2 x < 1  0 < <1  >0& <1
1− y 1− y 1−y
 y ∈ (−1,1) & y ∈ (0,1)
 y ∈ (−1, 0) (2)
From (1) & (2)
Range = (-1, 0]

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