Government College of Engineering, Karad

Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Civil

Engineering
Third Year Civil Engineering

Mini Project Report

on
Effective Parking System

Submitted by : Submitted to :
Sarvajeet M. Chahande S. R. Gaikwad
Sahil V. Patil (Mini Project Mentor)
Harshal Patil
Mayuri D. Lendave
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We extend our sincere gratitude and appreciation to all

individuals and organizations that have supported us during our mini
project, contributing to the successful completion of this valuable
learning experience.

We are immensely thankful to our Prof. S. R. Gaikwad ,

Department of Civil Engineering, for providing us with the
opportunity to undertake our mini project at their esteemed
organization. Their guidance, mentorship, and unwavering support
throughout the period have been instrumental in shaping our
understanding of practical applications in the field of civil
engineering.

Lastly, we would like to express our heartfelt thanks to

Prof. S. V. Joshi, Head, Department of Civil Engineering, and Dr. S.
J. Wagh, Principal Government College of Engineering, Karad, for
providing necessary facilities and opportunity to carry out this mini
project. Their commitment to providing students with opportunities
for practical exposure is commendable and has been crucial in
enhancing my academic and professional growth.

Thank you.
Chapter 1
 CONTENT

1) INTRODUCTION

2) PRESENT SCENARIO

3) NEED AND CHALLENGES FOR EFFECTIVE

PARKING

4) PARKING STUDY AND ANALYSIS

5) EFFECTIVE PARKING SYSTEM

Introduction :
The demand by automobile users of parking space is one of the major
problems of highway transportation, especially in metropolitan cities.
The need of parking facilities is very important to the present as well
as future generation for better improvement of sustainable
requirement.

We are considering our college i.e., Government College of

Engineering, Karad . Here, the current parking system is too old to
consider as an effective parking system. We the students of third year
civil had planned to work on this project to make the effective parking
system under the guidance of Prof. S.R. Gaikwad sir.

In our report, we will explore the key elements and technologies

involved in well-functioning parking system. We will also address the
benefits of such a system, such as reduced traffic congestion,
improved user experience and increased revenue generation for
parking operators.

An effective parking system is an integral component of urban

infrastructure designed to efficiently manage the allocation and
utilization of parking spaces. This report explores the intricacies of
parking management within the realm of college campus.

Lastly, we are exploring the dynamics of higher education meet the

intricacies of parking to enhance the daily experiences of those within
the academic community. The quest for efficient parking solutions
forms a common thread, connecting the aspirations of modern society.

Present Scenario:
1. In today’s college parking system, efficient management and
utilization of parking spaces have become more congested for
students as well as the faculties.
2. Due to lots of vegetation present between the pavements, there
is a disturbance of parking spaces available at the pavement.
3. Although, there is the space empty nearby current parking
system. They are remain undisturbed due to vegetation .
4. Regarding the pavement, it is not designed as per the
requirement of parking system. It’s nature and profile are
irregular by noticing it properly.
5. After conducting interviews of different persons we could able
to know various problems about current parking system. Some
are as follows:
 Leakage in the shed due to heavy rainfall .
 Increase in living organisms like snakes ,etc.
 No protection in the parking area.
 No divisions for cars and bikes.
 No proper profile and alignment of pavement.
 Available spaces are to be remained undisturbed.
6. By this overview, we are going for the idea of creating an
effective parking system in our college campus to fulfill the
 criteria of parking vehicles according to requirement and
categories.

Need & Challenges :

 An effective parking system is crucial in urban environments to
manage the growing demand for parking spaces and alleviate
issues such as congestion and inefficient land use.
 An effective parking system helps reduce traffic by streamlining
the process of finding available parking spaces.
 An effective parking system helps in reducing the greenhouse
gas emissions by decreasing the time spent searching for
parking, thus benefiting the environment.
 An effective parking system enhances user convenience by
providing information on available spaces.
 Properly managed parking areas tend to be safer and more
secure, reducing the risk of vehicle theft or damage.
 Effective Parking systems can generate revenue for cities
through fees, fines and permits. This income can be reinvested
in transportation infrastructure and public services.
 Advanced parking systems can collect data on usage patterns,
helping city planners informed decisions about parking
infrastructure, traffic management and urban development.
 Effective parking systems can help reduce illegal parking, which
can impede traffic flow and create safety hazards.
  Effective parking system enhance user experience, optimize
land use and contribute to environmental sustainability.

Challenges for effective parking system :

 Site Survey : Selection of the site was an easy task but to
overtake the selection criteria , planning the entire parking
facility was to be challenging.
 Measurements of current parking : It was difficult to measure
the area of current parking system as it was in irregular shape or
trapezoidal shape.
 Configuration of area under parking : As we know, the area of
our current parking system is short, so to assume the area or to
evaluate the space requirements for three types of parking – Two
wheeler, Four Wheeler and VIP Parking.
 Obstructions in current parking : As the college is following the
green evolution technique, the vegetation and some trees are
making offence in current parking system. We need to execute
the natural vegetation to overcome the available spaces for
effective parking system.
 Protection from natural calamities : The current parking system
of college is not under protection for natural calamities. We have
to design the proper shed or give effective protection to parking
facility.
 Questionaries about current parking system : We ask more
people to know about the problems that they are facing in day
today life, so the main challenge is to overcome these problems
and give effective solution.
 Cost : Developing and maintaining effective parking systems
can be costly, which may lead to higher parking fees for users.
  Accessibility : Making parking accessible to all. Including those
with disabilities can be challenging without proper
infrastructure.

Parking study and Analysis :

 We studied the parking rules and regulations to overcome the
effective parking system in our college.
 Center gate of college has been taken for our mini project idea,
that it would be more useful to daily users.
 We have taken parking survey that it could give us proper
measurements and idea about how to design an effective parking
system in our college campus.
 Traffic survey is been taken to overcome the congestion about
the vehicles that are parked inside the college campus.
 Idea about how to align the parking so that the maximum
number of vehicles is to be parked in designed effective parking.
 Total daily count of vehicles is been taken to gain the average
number of vehicles that are to be surveyed.
 We are designing according to the standard rules and regulation
that are given by IRC ( Indian Road Congress) to fulfill the
requirement of parking users.
  The parking facility have to be designed not only for user but to
overcome the sustainable energy that will provide betterment to
the college.

Effective parking system

The current parking system is been improved by
following methodologies :
 By taking traffic survey, we are able to know the average count
of traffic that will help to design the further requirements.
 By taking actual measurements of land acquisition or by
including the measurements given by IRC to fulfil the design
factors.
 By removing excess vegetation, proper analysis of site will be
done. This will give the factors that affecting the site selection
(discussed further).
 According to ground profile, designing of pavement has to be
done. Some are as follows-
a. For stable and uniform slope : Flexible Pavements
b. For strong ground profiles : Rigid Pavements
c. For less stable soil conditions : Composite Pavements
 d. For minimal ground profiles : Permeable Pavements
 Sustainable solutions such as energy adaptation, greenhouse
emission control, environmental benefits, future expansion, etc.,
have to be assessed.
 Providing effective parking plan to give an smart idea of
effective parking system in our college campus.
Chapter 2
 LITERATURE SURVEY
It can be achieved by analyzing different case study papers for
enhancing the future expansion of designing the effective parking
system.
We are considering only three case studies which are on basis of
traffic problems, their management, stimulation and planning. These
are described below-

CS-1)Analysis of campus traffic problems :

CASE STUDY BY : Vasanth. H. Surti
Automobile traffic presents potential hazards to
pedestrians and vehicle users, disrupts the park like atmosphere of
closed campus community. By examining the collected data and
following the recommended guidelines, one may develop a
comprehensive traffic plan for a campus or similar study area. Traffic
plans developed for the campus area should provide safe, efficient
movement of persons. If available from transportation studies, data on
origin-destination(O-D) are helpful to predict the number of potential
users inside the campus.
The major inbound and outbound flows should be studied
to obtain the in-flow and out-flow number of vehicles in peak hours.
The problems identified as particularly acute were- No modal
separation & Excessive automobile traffic. As the students and faculty
count are increasing and decreasing simultaneously, there will be
potential rise and fall onto the number of countable data .
Recommended solutions :
 Restriction of traffic through another entry gate.
 Designation of two separate parking areas for two-wheeler and
four-wheeler vehicles.
 Construction of peripheral pavement for sufficient parking
facility.
 Restriction of automobile parking from one-way drive.

Estimation of project :
Item Amount (Dollars)
1) Asphalt, 285 yard * 3yard 5130.00
2) Curb cuts, 6-8 ft wide 384.00
3) Paint stripping, 15000 ft 600.00
4) Labors, 30 hours 100.00
5) 24-11 ft channel post. 3lb 100.12

Total 6314.12

Conclusion : A traffic plan for any university campus or similar

closed community area may be developed by applying techniques and
guidelines in University of Colorado, case study. The comprehensive
traffic plan would facilitate movement of automobiles, bicycles and
pedestrians through the campus. Because of increased modal
separation, modal conflicts would be generally reduced. This is the
primary goal that the designers of a campus traffic plan should seek.
CS-2)Traffic Congestion in Campus :
CASE STUDY BY : David. H. Kaplan
The term ‘congestion’ refers to a situation where bottlenecks
occur at intersections or where some form of merging takes place.
Congestion does not occur everywhere throughout the transportation
network nor does it occur evenly throughout the day. Campus-related
congestion differs from congestion experienced in other venues.
Much of this results from the addition of certain elements not
ordinarily found in convectional traffic patterns. Employees can use
the roads primarily during the peak hours that would give the actual
view of traffic count.
The pattern of traffic activity, generally the number of turns
made at intersections was measured through intersection counters.
Capacity Ratio Level of service Traffic Conditions
< 0.5 A Minimal Delays
0.5 to 0.749 B Some Minor Delays
0.750 to 0.999 C Lane changes might be impeded
1.0 to 1.249 D Substantial Delays
1.25 to 1.599 E Significant Delays
>1.600 F Extremely Slow

Enrollment Traffic Percentage

(24 hour) Increase
Base 0 9.428 0
Summer 2001 3.738 11.015 17
Spring 2001 20.449 16.499 75
Fail 2001 22.828 19.747 109

Methods of Reducing Congestion :

  Increasing Roadway : The congestion of traffic can be reduced
by increasing the lane capacity. Traffic analysis speak about
“induced traffic’’ resulting from additional capacity, meaning
that the additional capacity spurs additional demand, through
either “triple convergence”.
 Reducing Demand : More targeted approaches to reducing
demand may involve getting people to drive less during peak
hours or peak highways. The reduction of demand is one
potential means of reducing congestion that can be more easily
attend in a college campus.
 The reduction of demand is one potential means of reducing
congestion that can be more easily attained in college campus
setting.
 In fact, the effects of congestion itself will affect demand by
causing individuals to alter their behavior. If parking is less
convenient then students, staff and faculty may decide to use
other parking facility in outer campus.
 Land use decisions can also be more unified in a university
setting by promoting walking or bicycle locating parking
facilities at the campus edge.
 A few simple tools have been initiated to affect parking,
including the requirement that resident upperclassmen park in
peripheral parking lots.

Planning Implications :
 Traditional traffic management seeks to improve congestion
through expanding vehicular capacity, even to the point of projecting
what capacity may be 20 years in future. Priority may be given to
improving the level of service, often through such measures as
increasing the number of lanes. Yet dramatic capacity improvements
can be expensive and they may conflict with the larger planning
objectives set forth by the campus community. It maintain a
pedestrian-oriented campus and to retain as much green space as
possible. It having aim such as retaining a pedestrian orientation,
preserving residential neighborhoods and focusing economic
activities on the historic showdown.
Capacity improvements can be tackled in a more refined way
through systematic collection of traffic data and the use of traffic
modeling software to assess the impact separate scenarios.
Universities are in a special position to apply information related to
patterns and causes of congestion to their planning goals. Funds have
been secured to begin the development of a multimodal facility;
among its potential benefits the facility could have the effect of
redirecting traffic flow away from some of the more congested
intersections.

“When it comes to traffic, most university problems are also problems

of surrounding community and any solutions community cooperation”
 Chapter 3

Parking survey
Site survey
A site survey of parking area typically involves assessing the physical
characteristics and condition of the location.
In site survey following points are include.
1) Boundary and layout : To determine the boundaries of the
parking area ,its layout and any associated structure .
2) Size and capacity : measure the total area of parking facility and
calculate its capacity in terms of parking space.
3) Surface and pavement : inspect the condition of the parking
surface , including the quality of pavement ,any damages and
need for resurfacing .
4) Marking and signage : Evaluate the visibility and condition of
parking space marking and directional signage .
5) Lighting :Assess the adequacy of lighting during day and night
to ensure the safety and security of users.
6) Security : Evaluate the presence and effectiveness of security
measures such as cameras ,barriers ,and assess control systems.
7) Traffic flow : Observe vehicle movement and traffic flow
within the parking area to identify any congestion .
8) Environmental impact : Consider the environmental impact of
parking area , including runoff management and potential gereen
initiatives.
9) User feedback: Gather feedback from users about their
parking experience ,including any issues or suggestion .
10)Technological integration: Assess the use of technology in
Parking management system, payment methods, and user
experience enhancements.
11) Safety : Identify any potential safety hazards or issues ,such as
obstructions or uneven surfaces .
12) Data collection : Use surveys, photographs .
Taffic survey :

A traffic survey of a parking area involves collecting data and

analyzing traffic related information and parking facility .

Define survey objectives : determine the specific goals of the traffic

survey ,such as assessing traffic patterns.

Study area boundaries :clearly define the boundaries of the parking

area including entrances ,exits, and any surrounding road or
intersections.

Data collection method :

a) Traffic counts : Use manual counts to record the number of

vehicles entering and exiting the parking area .
b) Time -of -day analysis : Conduct traffic counts at various times
to capture variation in traffic volume.
c) Vehicle types: Categorize vehicles (bike,car,cycle,etc) to
understand the composition of traffic .

Traffic flow analysis : Analyze the movement of vehicles within

the parking patterns , direction of travel , average speed , and
stopping points.

Environmental impact : Consider the environmental aspects of

traffic ,such as emission ,runoff management ,and potential
sustainability initiatives.

Technology integration : Assess the use of technology in traffic

management and parking operation .
Data analysis: Analyze the collected data to identify traffic
patterns, area for potential improvement .

User feedback : Gather feedback from users about their

experiences and suggestions for enhancing traffic flow and parking
operations.

Parking layout:
Parking data collection :
Chapter 4
Parking design:

The dimensions of 2-wheeler parking space may vary depending on

the type and size of the vehicles. However, according to the national
building code a 2-wheeler parking place cannot be less than 1.25 sqm
A possible dimension for two-wheeler parking is 2x0.6 m

As per IRC the standard dimensions of a car is taken as 5x 205 m .

Generally used angle of parking are 30 ,45,60 ,90 degree.

Two wheeler parking design :