19 Marking scheme: Worksheet

1 A ‘packet’, or quantum, of electromagnetic energy. [1]

2 The energy of a photon is proportional to the frequency of the radiation. [1]
Hence a γ-ray photon has greater energy than a photon of visible light (and therefore
is more harmful). [1]

3 a Electromagnetic radiation travels through space as waves and, as such, shows diffraction
and interference effects. [1]
b Electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter as ‘particles’. The photoelectric effect
provides strong evidence for the particle-like (photon) behaviour of electromagnetic
radiation. [1]

c 3.0 × 108
4 a c = fλ so f= = [1]
λ 6.4 × 10 −7

f = 4.69 × 1014 Hz ≈ 4.7 × 1014 Hz [1]

b E = hf [1]
E = 6.63 × 10−34 × 4.69 × 1014 [1]
E = 3.1 × 10−19 J [1]
5 For an electron to escape from the surface of the metal, it must absorb energy from the photon
that is greater than the work function. [1]
The work function is the minimum energy required by the electron to escape from the surface
of the metal. [1]
The photon of visible light has energy less than the work function of the metal, whereas
the photon of ultraviolet radiation has energy greater than the work function. [1]
6 Electrons travel through space as waves. Evidence for this is provided by the diffraction of
electrons by matter (e.g. graphite). [1]
7 The electronvolt is the energy gained by an electron travelling through a potential difference
of one volt. [1]
8 The kinetic energy Ee of the electron is:
Ee = VQ = 6.0 × 1.6 × 10–19 [1]
Ee = 9.6 × 10–19 J [1]
The energy EUV of the ultraviolet photon is:
hc
EUV = hf = [1]
λ
6.63 × 10 −34 × 3.0 × 108
EUV = [1]
2.5 × 10 −7

EUV = 7.96 × 10−19 J ≈ 8.0 × 10−19 J [1]

The energy of the ultraviolet photon is less than the kinetic energy of the electron.
(The student is correct.)

COAS Physics 1 Teacher Resources Original material © Cambridge University Press 2005, 2008 1
 19 Marking scheme: Worksheet

9 a The threshold frequency is the minimum frequency of electromagnetic radiation that just
removes electrons from the surface of the metal. [1]
b At the threshold frequency, the energy of the photon is equal to the work function φ of the
metal. Hence:
φ = hf0 (f0 = threshold frequency) [1]
1.9 × 1.6 × 10 −19
f0 = [1]
6.63 × 10 −34
f0 = 4.6 × 1014 Hz [1]
hc
10 a E = hf = [1]
λ
6.63 × 10 −34 × 3.0 × 108
E= [1]
550 × 10 −9

E = 3.62 × 10–19 J ≈ 3.6 × 10–19 J [1]

b Power emitted as light = 0.05 × 60 = 3.0 W [1]
3 .0
Number of photons emitted per second = [1]
3.62 × 10 −19
= 8.3 × 1018 [1]
11 φ = 4.3 × 1.6 × 10–19 = 6.88 × 10–19 J [1]
hc 6.63 × 10 −34 × 3.0 × 108
Energy of photon = = = 9.47 × 10−19 J [1]
λ 2.1 × 10 −7
energy of photon = work function + maximum kinetic energy of electron [1]
maximum kinetic energy of electron = (9.47 − 6.88) × 10−19 ≈ 2.6 × 10−19 J [1]
h
12 λ = [1]
mv
h 6.63 × 10 −34
ν= = [1]
mλ 1.7 × 10 −27 × 2.0 × 10 −11

v = 1.95 × 104 m s−1 (20 km s−1) [1]

13 Energy lost by a single electron = energy of photon [1]
(The energy lost by a single electron travelling through the LED reappears as the energy of a
single photon.)
Therefore:
hc
eV = [1]
λ
hc 6.63 ×10 −34 × 3.0 ×10 8
V= = [1]
λe 5.8 ×10 −7 ×1.6 ×10 −19
V = 2.14 V ≈ 2.1 V [1]

COAS Physics 1 Teacher Resources Original material © Cambridge University Press 2005, 2008 2
 19 Marking scheme: Worksheet

14 a Kinetic energy of electron = VQ = Ve

1 p2
mev2 = Ve or = Ve (where p = mev) [1]
2 2me
p= 2meVe [1]
h h
λ= = (de Broglie equation) [1]
me v p
h
Therefore, λ =
2meVe
h h2
b λ= or V= [1]
2meVe 2me λ2 e

(6.63 × 10 −34 ) 2
V= [1]
2 × 9.1 × 10 −31 × ( 4.0 × 10 −11 ) 2 × 1.6 × 10 −19

V ≈ 940 V [1]
c 1 2
15 Using f = and Einstein’s photoelectric equation (hf = φ + mv max ): [1]
λ 2
h × 3.0 × 108
Red light ⇒ = φ + (0.9 × 1.6 × 10−19)
640 × 10 −9
⇒ 4.688 × 1014 h = φ + 1.440 × 10−19 (Equation 1) [1]
h × 3.0 × 108
Blue light ⇒ = φ + (1.9 × 1.6 × 10−19)
420 × 10 −9
⇒ 7.143 × 1014 h = φ + 3.040 × 10−19 (Equation 2) [1]
Equations 1 and 2 are two simultaneous equations.
(7.143 – 4.688) × 1014 h = (3.040 − 1.440) × 10−19 [1]

(3.040 − 1.440) × 10 −19

h= ≈ 6.5 × 10−34 J s [1]
(7.143 − 4.688) × 1014

COAS Physics 1 Teacher Resources Original material © Cambridge University Press 2005, 2008 3