Wine is a fascinating beverage that has been enjoyed for centuries.

One important aspect of wine is

its ________, it can’t be the same flavour if the year of harvest is different. This can greatly influence
the taste and quality of the wine. Some wine enthusiasts prefer wines from a specific place, Each
_________ gives a unique touch to the wine, influenced by the soil, climate, and cultivation
practices. When it comes to taste, wines fall into different categories. ______ wines have a high
sugar content, while ________ wines have little to no residual sugar. The in-between category known
as _______ falls in between, offering a balance of sweetness and acidity. Additionally, there are
________, which contain a residual level of CO2. The CO2 changes the taste perception of sweetness
and acidity. In addition, escaping bubbles can be visually attractive. Opening a bottle of wine requires
a reliable ______ to extract the ______. Once open, the wine is ready to ______. Reds are often
enjoyed at a comfortable ________, while whites and sparklings are best served ______. For a casual
meal, you might decide to go for a ____________, which is an everyday wine that pairs well with a
variety of dishes. It's not too fancy but still adds a touch of sophistication to the meal. In the vast
world of wine, you'll encounter Old World wines from traditional regions like France and Italy, as well
as_________ wines emerging from places like Australia and South America. Each bottle tells a story
of tradition or innovation, history or pioneering spirit. Whether you're a wine connoisseur or just
starting to explore the world of wines, there's a wide range of options to suit every palate. Cheers to
discovering the rich and diverse world of wine!

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Owner: 'So, the first wine we have for you to taste is a white wine. It's a Sauvignon Blanc and the
vintage is 2008. It's from a vineyard close to Wellington in New Zealand.'

Fleur: 'Well, the wine isn't very clear, it's very cloudy. It doesn't smell very nice at all. In fact it smells
like wet newspaper. I don't think I want to drink this.'

Bill: 'I'll do it. It's very sour, it's like eating a lemon. I think it's corked. That accounts for the colour,
smell and taste. It's been contaminated.'

Owner: 'I'm sorry, 1 in 20 bottles of wine that are made are corked. I'll open another bottle. Here you
go, this looks ok.'

Fleur: 'Oh yes, this is fine. It has a good nose, it smells a little of apples and also of freshly cut grass.'

Bill: 'You're right. It's delicious. It has a very crisp taste, it has a sour taste like the grapes weren't ripe.
But it's not too strong. It also has a taste of kiwi fruit for me. A combination of sweet and sour. A
perfect wine to have during the summer.'

Owner: 'So, on to the next wine. It's a red wine. This is a Bordeaux from Château Jean Lamuf. It's
vintage is 2002.'

Bill: 'Well, its colour is perfect for a Bordeaux. It has a good nose. I can smell cinnamon and also
oranges.'

Owner:'With this wine, it's essential that you let it breathe before drinking it. So, move it gently
around in the glass to introduce air into the wine before trying it.'

Fleur: 'It doesn't taste of oranges at all. In fact, it's quite oaky. The wood barrel which it was stored in
has definitely given it a toasty and wooden flavour. It's also quite fruity with a subtle taste of
cinnamon as well. But it's well-balanced, neither the alcohol in the wine nor any one of the flavours
in the wine dominates the overall taste. It's very nice.'
Bill: 'I agree. It's also full-bodied. You know that you're drinking wine because it feels heavy in the
mouth and you can taste the alcohol. Very nice indeed.'

Owner: 'On to the last of the wines that I'd like you to try. This is another red wine. It's a Shiraz from
Australia. It's a wine from last year, so it's a young vintage.'

Bill: 'It has a very bland nose, I can't really smell anything in particular. My god, it has a very strong
taste of tobacco, like a cigar. Interestingly, it has a smoky taste, a little bit like smoked sausages.
Normally, with a Shiraz you expect it to have a spicy taste, you know a taste of pepper or cinnamon.
But this doesn't have it at all. It's full-bodied for a Shiraz. I think that the tannin is dominating the
flavour of the wine, the wine tastes a little bit bitter for me, like the taste of tea.'

Fleur:'Yes. I agree with you. But I think there is a hint of cinnamon in the wine. It's very subtle
because the tannin is dominating. But I can taste it. Although with the finish of the wine, it's a lot
more spicy than when you have the wine actually in your mouth. But it's a not a very good Shiraz, it
lacks depth. It doesn't have too many different flavours that you would normally expect with a good
Shiraz.'

1. A wine that has a taste or smell of wood, is described as

2. A wine that feels heavy in the mouth, is called

3. A wine that has a taste or smell of cigars, has a taste/smell of

4. The aroma or smell of wine, is normally called the

5. A wine that has a taste or smell of burning wood, is described as

6. A wine that has a taste or smell of pepper, cinnamon etc..., is described as

7. An element in a wine that can make it taste bitter, is

8. Another way to say there is a slight/little taste or smell of something, is

9. A wine that has been contaminated and isn't pleasant to drink, is

10. The taste of wine that remains in the mouth after you have swallowed it, is called the

11. Another way to say that a wine has a sour taste, is

12. The process of allowing the wine to mix with air, is called

13. When neither the alcohol or one of the flavours dominate a wine, it is

14. When one flavour is stronger than the other flavours, it

15. A wine that has a lot of different flavours, has

MODAL VERBS OF OBLIGATION

1. You ___ come to the meeting but it would help us all if you’re there.
mustn't
don't have to

2. I can’t get a connection on my phone. ___ I borrow yours?

Must
can

3. The rules say that you ___ only invite one guest to the club.
can
have to

4. I ___ stay on for a few hours because I’d rather work late today than over the weekend.
have to
must

5. There’s a lot of noise coming from outside. ___ I close the window?
Must
Can

6. You ___ start saving money if you want to retire early.

have to
must

7. Did they tell you that you ___ come into this area. It’s restricted to staff only.
can't
don't have to

8. We ___ be there fifteen minutes before the concert starts. They will close the doors after that.
must
have to

1) We have a lot of work tomorrow. You be late.

2) You tell anyone what I just told you. It's a secret.
3) The museum is free. You pay to get in.
4) Children tell lies. It's very naughty.
5) John's a millionaire. He go to work.
6) I do my washing because my mother does it for me.
8) I told you. You smoke inside the school.
9) You can borrow my new dress, but you get it dirty.
11) She do this work today, because she can do it tomorrow.
13) We forget to lock all the doors before we leave.
14) We stay in a hotel in London; we can stay with my brother.

1. It is very important that you do not forget to call me tomorrow.

You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. It is not necessary for them to wait for me.
They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.........
3. It is obligatory for us to check out of the hotel before midday.
We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
........
4. It is a good idea for him to study hard if he wants to pass his exam.
He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.........
5. I feel it is very important that you try to go to bed early tonight.
You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.........
6. It isn’t a good idea to believe everything you read on the internet.
You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.........
7. It is obligatory to drive on the left side of the road in the UK.
You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.........
8. It is forbidden to cross the border without a passport.
You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.........
9. It is not necessary for his present to be expensive.
His present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.......
Talk about your country. What advice would you give a visitor.
come up with 6-8 rules/things to do for the following situation: to get a fired from a job; starting a
new company; crazy rules for living in a dorm; rules for making wine.