MARCH

Practical 2024

Chemistry
Aniline point

Prepared by Proposed to SuperVised by

Ahmed Saadi Mr.mehvan Mr.Ahmed
Abdulghani Guhdar Mr.Nihad
Abdulla Haji Ms.Sterrin
Omed Hussein
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practical 2024

Contents Page numbers

01 Introduction 02

02 Objective 03

03 Apparatus and equipments 04

04 Theory 05

05 Procedure 06

06 Results 06

07 Discussion 07

08 Conclusion 08

09 References 09

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Introduction
Aniline point is the minimum temperature required for complete mixing of aniline and
substances like gasoline. It is utilized in certain specifications to indicate the aromatic
content of oils and to estimate the approximate heat of combustion.

The determination of aniline point is a test used to assess base oils in oil mud applications
This test helps determine if the oil has the potential to harm elastomers (rubber
compounds) that it may contact. The aniline point, also known as the "aniline point
temperature," is the temperature (in °F or °C) at which equal amounts of aniline (C6H5NH2
and the oil form a single phase.
The aniline point of oil provides insight into the oil's propensity for deterioration when in
contact with packing, rubber sealing, and similar materials. Generally, oils with a high
aromatic content can be more damaging to rubber products than those with a low
aromatic content. The aromatic content of an oil is reflected in its aniline point, with oils
having a high aromatic content displaying a low aniline point, and vice versa. A higher
aniline point in oil indicates better suitability for drilling fluid applications.
In an experiment, 5 ml of aniline and 5 ml of diesel were combined in a test tube with a
thermometer, and heat was applied until both aniline and diesel were fully mixed. The
aniline point of the diesel was determined to be 71°C.

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Objective
Aim of experiment
To find the aniline point and through it to determine the
important properties of diesel fuel.

Objectives
The aniline point (AP) is an important physical property of a petroleum fraction. The AP
gives an indication of the aromatic hydrocarbon content in a hydrocarbon mixture and
can also be an indicator of the ignition point of a diesel fraction. The value (aniline point
temperature) gives an indication of the aromatic content of the oil, since aniline is an
aromatic compound which is dissolved on heating by the aromatics in the oil. The
greater the aniline point, the lower the aromatics in the oil.

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Equipments

Apparatus
1- 5 ml of aniline & 5ml of diesel

2- Beaker

3- Heater device

4- cork

5- Test tube

6- Thermometer

7- Pipe with peleus ball

8- Stirrer

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Theory
The aniline point, defined as the temperature at
which equal volumes of aniline and oil mix
completely, shows clarity. This technique is
appropriate for transparent liquid samples with an
initial boiling point above room temperature and an
aniline point below the bubble point and above the
aniline sample mixture's solidification point. It aids
in defining pure hydrocarbons. A lower aniline point
implies higher oil solvency or reactivity, indicating
the oil's aromaticity. Paraffinic hydrocarbons have
higher aniline points compared to aromatic
varieties. For example, an aromatic oil with 75%
aromatic content would have an aniline point
between 32.2° and 48.9°C, a naphthenic type with
40% aromatic structures would range between
65.6° and 76.7°C, and a paraffinic oil with 15%
aromatic content would fall between 93.3° and
126.7°C. In homologous series, the aniline point for
hydrocarbon mixtures like diesel oils and mineral
oils acts as a benchmark for assessing oil's aromatic
hydrocarbon content and for comparison. Aniline
freely mixes with aromatics, so a low aniline point
suggests a low diesel index and predicts the carbon
amount in aromatics. The diesel index, an indicator
of fuel ignition quality, differs from the cetane
number but is crucial in determining ignition
temperature. It is derived from the aniline point of
diesel oil and the specific gravity of diesel fuel at
60OF.

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Procedure
1. Prepare all apparatus for the procedure.

2. Wear lab coat for your own safety.

3. Make sure the tube is clean.

4. Combine an equal volume of aniline and

diesel in a 5 mL tube, then mix thoroughly
Procedure for using a stirrer.

determining aniline 5. The mixture is slowly heated until the

point of diesel two parts mix together completely.

6. Record the temperature when both parts

mix together by thermometer.

7. Or wait until the mixture cools and record

the temperature at which two phases
separate.

Results
The result we’ve got from the experiment
was aniline point of diesel which is (71°C)

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Discussion
This experiment was useful for us as petroleum engineering because aniline
point is used to give
KEY PARTNERS an indication ofVALUE
KEY ACTIVITIES the aromatic hydrocarbon
CUSTOMER content in a
CUSTOMER
PROPOSITIONS RELATIONSHIPS SEGMENTS
hydrocarbon mixture and can also be an indicator of the ignition point of a
diesel fraction. For instance, for an aromatic oil with a 75% aromatic content,
the aniline point would be between 32.2° and 48.9°C, for a naphthenic type
containing 40% aromatic structures, it would be between 65.6° and 76.7°C,
and for a paraffinic oil with a 15% aromatic content it would be between 93.3°
and 126.7°C, that’s why knowing how to do this experiment is useful. But of
course nothing is perfect that’s why our work may have some errors, like
getting (71°C) might not be 100% accurate but still it’s close to the actual
value. Although doing mistakes can be benefit too, we can learn from it and
try not to do the same mistake again. Practical and theoretical both are
useful for us as for this experiment we first studied theoretically and learned
some stuff about (Aniline point) but when did this experiment Practically we
learned more about (Aniline point), also learned how to use the equipments
for this experiment and learned the method and how to do it. And one of
most important thing was teamwork, we worked together helped each other,
and this is useful for us in the future, because in the petroleum fields we
won’t work by individually, we will work with team. And don’t forget the
safety is our priorities when doing this experiment always make sure that you
are safe and clean when you are done.

Aniline point

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Conclusion
The experiment in petroleum engineering focused on the aniline point to
determine aromatic hydrocarbon content and ignition points of hydrocarbon
mixtures. Aniline point values vary based on the type of oil, with ranges for
aromatic, naphthenic, and paraffinic oils. Despite potential errors, the
experiment provided valuable learning experiences. Theoretical and practical
aspects were explored, emphasizing teamwork and safety protocols.

As the team delved deeper into the data, discussions arose regarding the
implications of the findings on industrial applications. This sparked
brainstorming sessions on potential innovations and improvements in the
field of petroleum engineering. Collaborative efforts and diverse perspectives
enriched the project, leading to a comprehensive understanding of the
subject matter.

In conclusion, the experiment not only enhanced our knowledge of

petroleum engineering but also fostered a sense of camaraderie and shared
achievement among team members. By engaging in hands-on research and
embracing challenges, we have strengthened our skills and gained valuable
insights that will undoubtedly benefit us in future endeavors.

Aniline point

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References
Albahri, T. A., M. R. Riazi, and A. A. Alqattan. "Octane number and aniline point of
petroleum fuels." Fuel Chemistry Division Preprints 47.2 (2002): 710-711.
Albahri, T. A., Riazi, M. R., & Alqattan, A. A. (2002).

Gharagheizi, F., Tirandazi, B., & Barzin, R. (2009). Estimation of aniline point temperature of
pure hydrocarbons: A quantitative structure− property relationship approach. Industrial &
Engineering Chemistry Research, 48(3), 1678-1682.

Zhmud, B. (2007). Beyond the aniline point: Critical solution point for the oil/aniline
system as a measure of oil solubility. Fuel, 86(16), 2545-2550.

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