These are the common structures of ACADEMIC TEXT:

1. THE THREE- PART ESSAY STRUCTURE

It consists of:
 INTRODUCTION
 BODY
 CONCLUSION
THE INTRODUCTION

Its purpose is to clearly tell the reader the topic, purpose and structure of the paper.

It might be between 10% - 20% of the length of the whole paper and has three main
parts:

 The most general information

 The core introduction
 The most specific information
THE BODY

it develops the questions

WHAT IS THE TOPIC ABOUT?

it may elaborate directly in the topic sentence by giving definitions, classifications,
explanations, contrasts, examples and evidence.

considered as “THE HEART OF THE ESSAY”

the LARGEST PART OF ESSAY

it expounds the specific ideas for the readers to have a better understanding of the topic.
THE CONCLUSION

is closely related to introduction and as often described “MIRROR IMAGE

OF INTRODUCTION”

that only means if the introduction begins with general information and ends with specific
information, the conclusion moves the opposite direction.
-begins by briefly summarizing the main scope or structure of the paper.

confirms the topic that was given in the introduction.

ends with a more general statement about how the topic relates to its contexts.

we can also find here the importance of topic, implications for future research or
a recommendation about theory or practice.

The introduction and the conclusion should be shorter than the body of the text.

For shorter essays, one or two paragraphs for each of the sections can be appropriate.

For longer texts or theses, they may be several pages long.

2. IMRaD STRUCTURE

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

RESULTS and

DISCUSSION
THE INTRODUCTION

usually depicts the background of the topic and the central focus of the study.
THE METHODOLOGY

let your readers know your data collection methods, research instruments, employed,
sample size and so on
THE RESULT and DISCUSSION

states the brief summary of the key findings or the result of your study.
NOTE:

Keep in mind that academic text typically considered as a formal mode of writing intended
for an educated audience.

It is usually written in a third person or objective voice and it depends heavily on research
factual experiment action and evidence and opinions of other educated scholars and
researchers rather than the opinions of the authors.

IV. ASSIGNMENT:

Familiarize yourself with different kinds of Academic Text.

Collect and clip sample article of academic text. (3 articles)

Observe how the text written and how it conveys the meaning to the readers.

CRITERIA

CLIPPINGS WITH DESIGN- 10

EXPLANATION/OBSERVATION- 10

TOTAL= 20