Shear in Two Way Slab System

In a two-way floor system, the slab must have adequate thickness to resist both bending moments and shear
forces at the critical sections. If the thickness shown for deflection is not adequate to carry the shear, use one
or more of the following:

(a) Increase the column dimension.

(b) Increase concrete strength.
(c) Increase slab thickness.
(d) Use special shear reinforcement.
(e) Use drop panels or column capitals to improve shear strength.

In slabs and footing, shear strength in the vicinity of columns, concentrated loads, or reactions is governed by
the more severe of two conditions:

• Wide-beam action, or one-way shear, as evaluated by provisions 8.1 through 8.4 of ACI
318M-19.• Two-way action, as evaluated by 8.4.3 and 22.5 of ACI 318M-19.

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Analysis for wide-beam action considers the slab to act as a wide beam spanning between columns. The
critical section extends in a plane across the entire width of the slab and is taken at a distance (d) from the
face of the support (8.4.3.2); see Fig. (1) .

Fig. (1) Tributary Area and Critical Section for Wide-Beam Shear

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Two-way or “punching” shear is generally the more critical of the two types of shear in slab systems supported
directly on columns. Depending on the location of the column, concentrated load, or reaction, failure can
occur along two, three, or four sides of a truncated cone or pyramid. The perimeter of the critical section (bo)
is located in such a manner that it is a minimum, but need not approach closer than a distance (d / 2) from
edges or corners of columns, concentrated loads, or reactions, or from changes in slab thickness such as
edgesof capitals, drop panels, or shear caps ; as shown in Fig. (2).

Fig. (2) Tributary Area and Critical

Section for Two Way- Shear (punching
shear)

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According supports condition there is two types of slabs as follows:
1) Slab supported on the beams external and internal beams in both directions (in this type the two way shear
action is not governing, but one way shear action is done).
2) Slab supported on the columns with or without drop panel, with or without edge beams, with or without
columns capital (in this type the two way shear and one way shear action is done).

(A) Two-Way Slabs Supported on Beams

In two-way slabs supported on beams, the critical sections are at a distance (d) from the face of the
supporting beams, and the shear capacity of each section is

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22.5.3.1

22.5.5.1 For nonprestressed members, Vc shall be calcu-

lated in accordance with Table 22.5.5.1 and 22.5.5.1.1
through 22.5.5.1.3.

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 Two-Way Slabs on supporting Beams

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If no shear reinforcement is provided, the shearing force (Vud) at a distance (d) from the face of the beam, ,
must be equal to

and

Tributary area on
supporting Beams

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 l1

45o
45o ࢒૛
૛

l2 ࢒૛ ࢒૛
૛ ૛

࢒૚ െ ࢒૛

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Example (1)
check the adequacy of slab for shear and compute the design shear force in the long and short beams.
Wu=13.95 kN/m2 , Ĩ഻Đ=30 MPa, h=165mm
Solution
Max. shear force in the slab can be computed as the reaction of
the strip of (1m).

଺ ଴.ଷହ଴ ଵ଺ହିଶ଴ିଵଶ
ܸ௨ௗ = 13.95 െ െ =37.ͷͷ݇ܰ/݉
ଶ ଶ ଵ଴଴଴

଺ ଴.ଷ଴଴ ଵ଺ହିଶ଴ିଵଶ
ܸ௨ௗ = 13.95 െ െ =37.ͻͲʹ݇ܰ/݉
ଶ ଶ ଵ଴଴଴

ܷ‫ܸ ݁ݏ‬௨ௗ = 37.ͻͲʹ݇ܰ/݉

For the external face of first interior support must be increase shear force by
15% when its found redistribution moment effect .

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 ‫ܸ ׵‬௨ௗ = 1.ͳͷ‫ݔ‬37.902 = 43.͸݇ܰ/݉
Slab design shear strength can be taken as: b= 1000mm, d=165-20-12=133mm

‫ = ܸܿ׎‬0.ͳ͹‫׎‬ɉ ݂௖ҧ ܾ௪ ݀

30= 5.477 Mpa. 8.3 Mpa. O.k.

‫ = ܸܿ׎‬0.17 0.75 1 30 1000 133 = 92880N/m = 92.88kN/m

‫ = ܸܿ׎ ׵‬92.88 > ܸ௨ௗ = 43.6 o.k.

Slab thickness is adequate to resisting the shear force.

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