Structural Elements of an Org.

1) Men
2) Material
3) Machine
4) Methods
5) Money

Major Elements of an Org. Struc.

1) Distribution of functions
2) Vertical & horizontal authority relationships
3) Communication & decision processes
4) Policies

Principles of Good Org.

1) Principle of Objective
2) Analysis
3) Simplicity
4) Functionalism
5) Departmentalization
6) Centralization of Authority & Responsibility
7) Limited Span of Control

Management Concept
1) Management to be effective must be systematic
2) Management to be successful must be scientific
3) Management must be humanistic

Executive Functions
1) to Plan
2) to Organize
3) to Direct
4) to Control

Plans may be classified

1) Objective of the enterprise
2) Policies
3) Procedures
4) Budget
5) Programs

How can executives coordinate efforts in their Org.?

1) Clarifying authority & responsibility
2) Careful checking & observation
3) Facilitating effective communication
4) Utilizing leadership skills
Decision Process
1) Identify the problem
2) Specify objectives and the decision criteria
3) Develop alternatives
4) Analyze and compare alternatives
5) Select the best alternatives
6) Implement the chosen alternative
7) Monitor results to ensure the desired results are achieved
Basic Problem
1) Capital
2) Time
3) Profits
4) Maintenance
5) Return of investment
6) Increase in costs
7) Risk

Reason for Poor Decisions

1) Errors made in the decision process
2) Bounded rationality
3) Sub-optimism

Planning Functions has 4 Different Dimensions

1) Planning is philosophy
2) Planning is integration
3) Planning is a process
4) Planning is a collection of procedures

Key Personnel
1) The construction superintendent
2) Job buyer
3) Drafting room coordinator
4) Job expeditor

Temporary Structures
1) Job offices
2) Storage sheds
3) Workshops
4) Roadway
5) Bunk house for workers & facilities

Project undergoes series of stages

1) Planning
2) Execution of major activities
3) Project phase out
Purchase order form
1) Description of the materials
2) Quantities required
3) Time & place of delivery
4) Unit price
5) Amount

Types of Budget
1) Static/Fixed Budget
2) Variable/Flexible Budget
1) Step Budget

2) Variable rate of cost per unit of work

Procurement factors
1) Quality of the materials
2) Quantity of the materials
3) Time of delivery
4) Price of the materials