Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ENG1 PurComm Prelim
ENG1 PurComm Prelim
ENG1 PurComm Prelim
2. Receiver: The individual or group intended to receive and decode the message sent by the sender. . C
3 ritical listening
- listening to understand and to respond
3. Message: The information, idea, or expression being communicated from the sender to the receiver. - analyzing and evaluating information to make judgements or decisions
4. C
hannel: The medium through which the message is transmitted, such as spoken language, written . Empathetic listening
4
text, body language, or electronic means like email or phone. - listening to respond and care, provide emotional support
5. B
arriers: Factors that impedethesuccessfultransmissionorunderstandingofthemessage,including Types of Listeners
noise, distractions, language differences, emotions, or cultural differences.
) A
a ctive listener
6. F
eedback: The response or reaction provided by the receiver to the sender, indicating their - Fully engage with the speaker
understanding or interpretation of the message and completing the communication loop.
) P
b assive listener
he purpose of purposive communicationistoconveyspecificinformation,achievepredeterminedgoals,
T - casual approach without active participation or interaction
or influence the thoughts, behaviors, or emotions of others through intentional and directed communication
practices such aswriting, speaking, or presentingin various life contexts. ) Empathetic
c
- listen to care
he principles of communication are fundamental guidelines that help ensure effective and meaningful
T
interactions between individuals or groups. Some key principles include: ) E
d ager-beaver
- always ready to listen and eager to learn
1. Clarity: Messages should be clear, concise, and easily understood by the intended audience. - shows strong interest in understanding and participating in discussion
2. C
onciseness: Communication should be brief and to the point, avoiding unnecessary details or
verbosity.
Communication Globalization
3. C
ompleteness:Providingallnecessaryinformationanddetailsforthereceivertoensureunderstanding
Interconnectedness emphasizes how different elements are linked and influence each other, while
and avoid confusion.
lobalizationdescribestheincreasingintegrationofeconomies,cultures,andsocietiesworldwidethroughthe
g
exchange of goods, services, and ideas across borders.
4. O
rganization: Structuring the message in a logical and coherent manner to enhance comprehension
and retention.
In the context of communication, globalization involves the exchange of information, ideas, and
● "IBC" stands for "Information, Beliefs, and Culture," a concept that highlights the
ulturalinfluencesonaglobalscale,facilitatedbyadvancementsintechnologyandtransportation,i.e.,culture
c
interconnectedness of these elements in communication.
and medicine.
5. F
lexibility: Adapting the communication style and approach based on the needs, preferences, and
The global village refers totheinterconnectednessoftheworldthroughmoderncommunicationand
context of the receiver.
transportation technologies.
6. E
mpathy:Understandingandconsideringtheemotions,perspectives,andexperiencesofthereceiver
Interdependencyrefers to a mutual reliance or dependence between two or more entities.
to establish rapport and connection in communication.
History of Globalization and Communication Cultural Understanding
◆ Influences our personal preferences in communication style and continues to influence our
830s - Telegraph
1 perception of others throughout our life.
1843 - Washington and Baltimore connected (Haslett, 1989, in Stringer & Cassiday, 2009)
1865 - Britain and India connected
1870s- Europe linked to large parts of the world
1924 - King George V sent a message that circulated the globe in 80 seconds Cross-Cultural Communication
19th Century - Emergence of global news networks ◆ occurs between people who may have different cultural perspectives. This can include the entire
1. News over large territories range of differences from nationality to age to different departments within the same organization.
2. Global scope Stringer & Cassiday, 2009
3. Reached big audiences
Electro-magnetic waves
the emergence of organizations with the mission to disseminate Issues
radio frequencies ◆ Generalization- are the patterns of communication used by the most people in any
NOW cultural group.
All nurses are skilled caregivers and offer emotional support
◆ Stereotypes- are cultural norms applied to everyone in a group in a rigid manner.
Nurses being subordinate to doctors.
Dimensions ◆ Perception- is highly susceptible to both personal and cultural experiences.
Theperceptionaboutnursesoftenentailsseeingthemascompassionatecaregiversintegralto
. Cultural Dimension: Involves sharing cultural products, values, and norms globally, leading to cultural
1 healthcare, yet may also involve stereotypes regarding gender roles and professional competence.
blending, uniformity, or resistance to outside influences.
Example: Miss Universe, Tourism Cross-Cultural Miscommunication
Six primary sources of cross-cultural miscommunication:
. Social Dimension: Focuses on how global communication affects societal structures, identities, and
2 1. Assumption of similarities
connections, leading to the emergence of online communities, social movements, and blurredpublic-private 2. Language differences
distinctions. 3. Nonverbal misinterpretation
Example: Social Media 4. Preconceptions and stereotypes
5. Tendency to evaluate
.PoliticalDimension:Dealswithcommunication'sroleinshapingglobalpoliticsanddiplomacy,includingthe
3 6. High anxiety
spread of ideologies, propaganda, and the formation of international advocacy networks. Barna, 1997, in Stringer & Cassiday, 2009
Example: WHO, ASEAN, OLYMPICS
. Economic Dimension: Centers on the global expansion of media industries and communication markets,
4 Register
dominated by multinational corporations controlling production, distribution, and consumption of media content. Register is thelevel of formalityin language as determined by context.
Example: Jollibee Register is a subset of language as defined bypurpose and setting.
Impacts
Formal Register Informal Register
1. Virtual Interaction like Omegle
2. Cultural Awareness like “Pop” - Personal emails
- Business Letters
3. Time Differences like Call Center - First Person Point of View
- Letters of Complaint
4. Other aspects… - Phone texts
- Some Essays - Short Notes
- Reports - Friendly Letters
Uses of Social Media (Richman)
- Official Speeches - Most Blogs
Communication
- Announcements - Diaries and Journals
Cause Support (ex. fundraising for cancer patients)
- Professional Emails
Competitions ontractions:
C
Research - Slangs
ontractions:
C
Connection - First Person Point of View
- Slangs - Avoid to much passive
Client Service
- First Person Point of View - idioms, exaggeration, or cliches
Community Service (ex. HIV Awareness Campaign)
- Avoid to much passive - abbreviations and acronyms
- idioms, exaggeration, or cliches - incomplete sentences
- abbreviations and acronyms - Like, So and But as the first word of your sentence.
Local and Global Communication in Multicultural Settings - incomplete sentences
- Like, So and But as the first word of your sentence.
Culture
asystemofthinkingandactingthatistaughtby,andreinforcedby,agroupofpeople.Culturalgroups
teach their members certain sets of values, with accompanying behaviors and communication preferences.
Variety
(Stringer & Cassiday, 2009)
◆ Variety is a specific set of linguistic items which can be associated with external factors such as
geographical area or a social group.
Evaluating Messages And/Or Images Of Different Types Of Text Reflecting Different Cultures
● 👍
What does this mean?
👌
●
🤝
●
Linguistic Landscape
◆ is the displayed language in a particular space, e.g. advertisements, billboards, and other signs.
Carr, 2019
Principles of Geosemiotics
◆ INDEXICALITY- Meaning was given to a sign by a place the sign was put in.
◆ DIALOGICALITY - signs have double meaning and they correspond with each other.
◆ SELECTION- one does not see all sign
Kinds of Signs:
.RegulatorySigns:Signsthatconveyrules,laws,orregulations,suchastrafficsignsindicatingspeed
1
limits or parking restrictions.
. Infrastructure Signs: Signs that provide information about public amenities, facilities, or services,
2
such as signs indicating restroom locations, exits, or directions within buildings.
. CommercialSigns:Signsusedforadvertisingormarketingpurposes,suchasbillboards,storefront
3
signs, or banners promoting products or services.
. Online Landscape Signs: Signs and symbols used in digital communication platforms and social
5
media, including emojis, hashtags, and icons, whichconveymeaningorfacilitateinteractioninvirtual
environments.