Name : Muhammad Alwi Hanafi

NIM : 3.32.22.0.14
Class : EK-2A
1. Describing Diodes
2. Describing Characteristic
3. Describing Symbol and types
4. Describing Capasitor material
5. Describing Function
6. Describing Application

DIODES
A diode is an electronic component that consists of two poles and functions to
rectify current. This component consists of combining two semiconductors, each of which is
given different doping (addition of material), and additional conductor material to conduct
electricity.

The main structure of a diode is two electrode poles made of conductor, each of
which is connected to a p-type silicon semiconductor and an n-type silicon semiconductor.
The anode is an electrode connected to p-type silicon where it contains fewer electrons, and
the cathode is an electrode connected to n-type silicon where it contains more electrons. The
meeting between silicon n and silicon p will form a boundary called the P-N Junction.
How Diodes Work
In simple terms, the workings of a diode can be explained in three conditions, namely
conditions without voltage (unbiased), given a positive voltage (forward biased), and
negative voltage (reverse biased).
1. No voltage condition
Under conditions where no voltage is applied, an electric field boundary will form in
the P-N junction area. This happens starting with a diffusion process, namely the
movement of electrocharge from the n side to the p side. These electrons will occupy
a place on the p side which is called a hole.

2. Positive voltage condition (Forward-bias)

In this condition, the anode is connected to the positive terminal of the power source
and the cathode is connected to the negative terminal. The presence of an external
voltage will cause ions that are obstacles to the flow of electricity to be attracted to
each pole

3. Negative voltage condition (Reverse-bias)

In this condition, the anode is connected to the negative terminal of the power source
and the cathode is connected to the positive terminal. The presence of an external
voltage will cause ions that are obstacles to the flow of electricity to be attracted to
each pole.
Diode Symbol
The diode symbol is shown below. The arrowhead points to the direction of conventional
current flow in forward bias conditions. This means that the anode is connected to the p side
and the cathode is connected to the n side.

Diode Aplication
The working principle of a diode relies on the interaction of n-type and psemiconductor. N-
type semiconductors have many free electrons and very few holes. In other words, we can say
that the concentration of free electrons is high and the concentration of holes is very low in n-
type semiconductors.
The free electrons in an n-type semiconductor are called the majority charge carriers, and the
holes in the n-type semiconductor are called the minority charge carriers.
P-type semiconductors have a high concentration of holes and a low concentration of free
electrons. Holes in p-type semiconductors are the majority charge carriers, and free electrons
in p-type semiconductors are minority charge carriers.