SOURCE TRANSFORMATION METHOD (Voltage source to Current Source and Vice-Versa )

- A voltage source in series with a resistor can be replaced by a current source in parallel with the
same resistor or vice-versa.

TO PROVE THE 2 CIRCUITS ARE EQUAL :

R R
ε = I R ε RL R RL
I

𝜺 𝜺
ε = IR 𝑰=
𝑹 𝑰𝑳 =
𝑹 + 𝑹𝑳 𝑰𝑳 = (𝑰)
𝑹
𝑹 + 𝑹𝑳

𝜺
𝑰 𝑳 ( R + RL ) = 𝜺 Also 𝑰𝑳 ( R + RL ) = ( I ) R Thus, 𝜺 = ( I ) R or 𝑰 =
𝑹

1.) Voltage Sources IN SERIES can be added or subtracted

E1 E1
E E

E2 E = E1 + E23 E2 E = E1 ̶̶̶‒ E2

2.) Current Sources IN PARALLEL can be added or subtracted

I
I
I1 I2 I1 I2

I = I1 + I2 I1 > I2 I = I1 ‒ I2

3.) IDEAL VOLTAGE SOURCE IN PARALLEL 4.) IDEAL VOLTAGE SOURCE IN SERIES
WITH AN IDEAL CURRENT SOURCE WITH AN IDEAL CURRENT SOURCE

E I
E I
I E

5.) VOLTAGE SOURCE IN PARALLEL WITH A 6.) CURRENT SOURCE IN SERIES WITH A RESISTANCE,
RESISTANCE, RP RS

R R RS
E R R
RP E I
I

RP has no effect since the voltages across RS has no effect since the current through it
it is the same as E is the same as I
Transform the following to its equivalent single voltage source with a single resistance :

1.) a.) 1.) a.)

2Ω

5A 2Ω 10v

b.) b.)

3Ω
5A 3Ω 15v

2.) 2.)

2Ω
6Ω 3Ω 6Ω 18
Ω
9v 9
10v
3A 2A 5A
3Ω 12v

3.) 3.)

10A 5Ω 5Ω
50v
15Ω
10Ω 5A 50v
10Ω

4.) 4.)

10Ω 10Ω
6A 10Ω
60v
65v
2A 5v 5v

5.) 5.)

4v 1Ω 1Ω
2A 2A 4v
6v 12v
3Ω 6Ω 3Ω 6Ω

5.) CONTINUATION

4v 1Ω 2Ω 4v 1Ω 3Ω
8v
12v
4A 2Ω
Transform the following into a circuit with single current source in parallel with a single resistance:

6.) 6.)

5A 3Ω
3Ω 15v 7Ω

7v 7Ω

4Ω 8v 4Ω 1A
2A

7.) 7.)

2A 2A I=0 A
6v 6Ω
2Ω 2Ω
3Ω 3Ω 6Ω
12v

8.) 8.)

2A 6A 8A
10v 10v
2Ω 2Ω
5Ω 6A

9.) 9.)

5v R R 5 𝑅
𝑅 3
R 5v 5v

10.) 10.)

R/2 20/R
R
10v R R/3
R 10v

R 10v
1.) Solve for I using Source-Transformation Method

2.) Solve for I using Source-Transformation Method

Network with dependent voltage and current sources

1.) Dependent Voltage Source

+ V = f(VX) Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source

or V = f(IX) Current-Controlled Voltage Source
–

2.) Dependent Current Source

I = f(VX) Voltage-Controlled Current Source

or I = f(IX) Current-Controlled Current Source
NOTE : In applying any Network Analysis Method to networks containing dependent voltage and
current source:

1.) Do not transform dependent voltage source to dependent current source and vice-versa.
2.) Do not include in the transformation resistor whose current or voltage a dependent voltage source
or current source depends upon.
3.) Do not set to zero (putting on a short-circuit) a dependent voltage source.
4.) Do not set to zero (open-circuit) a dependent current source.