TYPE OF TRANSPORT SHORT DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES TYPES OF MATERIALS

TRANSPORTED
PASSIVE TRANSPORT Transport of molecules from a
high to low concentration
gradient and does not require
energy or ATP.
OSMOSIS Water
- The diffusion of Hypotonic – movement of
WATER across a cell water into the cell that can
membrane of cause lyse or bursting of cell if
different too much water intake
concentration
Hypertonic – movement of
water out of the cell that can
cause the cell to shrink or
shrivel which can also cause
cell death

Isotonic – water flows in and

out or in both directions with
equal amounts/concentration

SIMPLE DIFFUSION Small molecules

- Movement of molecules from high to low Uncharged/unipolar
concentration without the use of energy molecules
- Will continue to happen if equilibrium or equal - Ex: Oxygen
concentration is reached on both sides of the cell - Ex: Carbon dioxide
membrane

FACILITATED DIFFUSION Sodium ions thru a sodium

- Movement of molecules that requires TRANSPORT specific channel protein
PROTEINS to pass thru the cell membrane without
the use of energy Sodium gated channel of
- Some require ion channels so that polar molecules nerve cell for sodium
can pass thru the cell membrane (stimulated by chemical
- Classified as passive transport because: movement of signal to open gates so the Na
material is from high to low concentration ions can get into the cell
membrane)

Large molecules like

GLUCOSE – involves both
active and passive diffusion –
glucose is too big to diffuse
easily  use of carrier
proteins to move glucose
across a cell membrane
ACTIVE TRANSPORT Transport of molecules or Na-K pump Na-K pump – movement of 3
substances from a low to high Na ions out of the cell and 2 K
concentration gradient ions into the cell on high
- Because it is moving concentrated areas
against its
concentration Messages sent by neurons
gradient, it requires with the use of carrier
energy ang proteins or pumps to move
assistance from the molecules
carrier proteins to
move across the
membrane