Give Me Liberty (16-71)

Give Me Liberty (16-
Indian Freedom
Indians held their own notions of absolute libert

banishing all servitude, and had no words to ex
Europeans believed they Indians to be barbaric

government, and authority. However small scale
societies
Indians strongly believed in kinship ties (the abi

well being of communities rather than individua
self determination, group autonomy, and conne
Christian Liberty
Europeans believed freedom was spiritual since

Give Me Liberty (16-71) 1
of Christ simultaneously became “free from sin”

European countries that colonized the New Wo
—for its own population and for Native America
The Expansion of Europe

The conquest of America originated as a quest
Europe to India, China, and the East Indies to tr
Islamic middlemen and win control of this trade
Chinese and Portuguese Navigation
Zheng He traveled on 6 voyages with ships larg

the goal to impress other peoples with China’s m
New technology such as caravels, compasses,

Portuguese sailors to travel down the coast of A
route east
Portugal and West Africa
Portugal established fortified trading posts alon

Columbus sailed westward in hopes of reaching
Columbus’s first settlement on the island of His

explorer established a permanent base (the Sp
Italian explorer, Amerigo Vespucci, reported the

continent
Exploration and Conquest
Spanish took lead in exploration and conquest,

desire to spread Catholicism
Spanish conquistadores, often accompanied by

outward from Hispaniola
Hernan Cortes arrived at Tenochtitlan, and conq

technology such as gunpowder, additionally dis
Aztec society
Francisco Pizzaro defeated the Inca empire and

back to the Spanish crown
The Catholic Church also played a significa
Spanish colonies, frequently exerting its au
and treatment of the Indians
Royal officials were appointees from Spain inste
The Spanish forced tens of thousands of indian

haciendas (large-scale farms)
By 1600s mestizos (people of mixed origin) ma

America
The Virgin of Guadalupe would come to be reve

mixing of Indian and Spanish cultures, and later
Justifications for conquest
Pope Alexander VI divided the non-christian wo

required them to spread Catholicism among the
Protestant Reformation divided the Catholic Ch

his 95 thesis about the churches worldliness an
Las Casas’s writings spread the Black Legend -
exploitative colonizer
Exploring North America
Spain established the first permanent colony in
The first region to be colonized within the prese
Spain hoped to establish a military base the

the treasure fleet that each year sailed from
and silver
Florida eventually failed as a settlement and rem
Spain established the capital of New Mexico at

European settlement in the southwest)
The Pueblo Revolt
Franciscan friars burned sacred Indian objects

Give Me Liberty (16-71)
Catholicism, leading Indians to unite and drive o
5
French Canada was ruled by the Company of N
general appointed in Paris
Canada was widely depicted as an icebox, a lan

ground for criminals
Most French who left their homes during the

Netherlands, Spain, or the West Indies
The revocation of the Edict of Nantes, whic

to French Protestants, led well over 100,00
The viability of New France fur trade relied on fr
Participation in the fur trade drew natives into th

introducing new goods and transforming huntin
for marketable commodities
Indians were swept into the rivalries among

into conflicts among Indians
Metis: children of French and Native American o
Indians who converted to Catholicism were prom

power, pitting European empires against each o
Boundaries between empires and Indians were
Beginnings of English America

Jamestown was established as the capital of th
by the Virginia Company, a private business org
Settlers of English America enjoyed greater righ

including access to land and economic indepen
Colonists enjoyed “all liberties”
When the pope refused to annul his marriage to

severed the nation from the Catholic Church. In
of England, or Anglican Church, with himself at
England and Ireland

In England’s attempt to conquer and pacify Irela
7
England expressed its imperial ambitions in term
New World from the tyranny of the pope
The Social Crisis
America served as a refuge for the surplus pop

suffering from a social crisis with economic grow
population
Landlords introduced more modern farming pra

small farmers and fenced in commons under th
Economic inequalities surged throughout Engla
Authorities saw unemployed masterless me

them to accept jobs, people began viewing
form of servitude
The New world was pictured as a unique place

classes could regain economic independence b
The main lure for emigrants from England to the

in gold and silver as the promise of independen

Land and Liberty
Owning land gave men control over their own la

to vote. The promise of immediate access to lan
dues that included land persuaded potential imm
indentured servants
Each colony was launched with a huge grant of

company or to a private individual known as a p
Englishmen and Indians
The English were interested in displacing the In

intermarrying with them, organizing their labor,
crown
The English exchanged goods such as fur with

often traveled through colonial settlements
The English acquired land by purchase, often in

they had suffered military defeat

Indians’ lives were severely altered due to mode
depleting forests
Settling the Chesapeake

The Jamestown Colony
Jamestown initially struggled as colony due to i

leadership change
Disease and lack of food caused the population
Instead of retaining all the land for itself, the com

system, awarding fifty acres of land to any colo
another's passage.
In place of the governor's militaristic regime, a “

issued, including the establishment of a House
only freemen could vote, and the company

the right to nullify any measure the body ad
Powhatan and Pocahontas

Opechancanough (powhatan’s brother), led a b
in a single day wiped out one-quarter of Virginia
The surviving 900 colonists organized themselv

massacred scores of Indians and devastated th
Virginia forced a treaty on the surviving coastal

subordination to the government at Jamestown
reservations to the west and not enter areas of
permission
A Tobacco Colony
As a commodity with an ever-expanding mass m

Virginia's substitute for gold
The expansion of tobacco cultivation also led to

met for most of the seventeenth century by you
Women and the Family

Further aggravating instability in the colony was
envisioned Maryland as a refuge for persecuted
In Maryland, he hoped, Protestants and Catholi

in Europe
The Rise of Puritanism
Puritanism came to define a set of religious prin

should be organized. Puritans differed among th
shared the conviction that the Church of Englan
Catholicism in its religious rituals and doctrines
Puritans considered religious belief a complex a

believers to seek the truth by reading the Bible
educated ministers
Puritans came to America in search of liberty
Like so many other emigrants to America, Purita

especially the right to worship and govern them
Christian manner. Freedom for Puritans was pri12
Here the 102 who survived the journey establis
landing, the Pilgrim leaders drew up the Mayflow
going ashore agreed to obey "just and equal law
their own choosing
The pilgrims were only able to survive due to th

Sqaunto, who became an interpreter for the pilg
with nearby chiefs
Pilgrims had a government based on the princip

restricted to church members
The Great Migration
the Massachusetts Bay Company was founded

who hoped to further the Puritan cause and turn
Indians
The first five ships sailed from England in 1629

had emigrated to Massachusetts
Long remembered as the Great Migration, t
13
insisting that the obedience of women, child
the foundation of social stability
Puritans deemed women to be the spiritual equ

allowed to become full church members
A woman achieved genuine freedom by fulfilling

embracing “subjection to her husband’s authorit
life was devoted to bearing and rearing children
Government and Society in Massachusetts
John Winthrop spoke of the settlers binding the

brotherly affection" in order to promote the glory
good.”
the leaders of Massachusetts organized the col

of settlers received a land grant from the colony
it, with each town having its own Congregationa
Wishing to rule the colony without outside interf

from influencing decision making, the sharehold
14
church
Inequality was considered an expression of God

applied to all inhabitants, there were separate li
children, and servants. The Body of Liberties al
Massachusetts forbade ministers from holding o

spiritual responsibilities
But church and state were closely interconn

to establish a church and to levy a tax to su
Puritans believed that religious uniformity was e

believe in religious toleration-there was one trut
Religious liberty meant the liberty to practic

Give Me Liberty (16-71)

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Give Me Liberty (16-

Indians held their own notions of absolute libert

Europeans believed they Indians to be barbaric

Indians strongly believed in kinship ties (the abi

Europeans believed freedom was spiritual since

of Christ simultaneously became “free from sin”

The Expansion of Europe

Chinese and Portuguese Navigation

Zheng He traveled on 6 voyages with ships larg

New technology such as caravels, compasses,

Portugal and West Africa

Portugal established fortified trading posts alon

Columbus’s first settlement on the island of His

Italian explorer, Amerigo Vespucci, reported the

Exploration and Conquest

Spanish took lead in exploration and conquest,

Spanish conquistadores, often accompanied by

Hernan Cortes arrived at Tenochtitlan, and conq

Francisco Pizzaro defeated the Inca empire and

Royal officials were appointees from Spain inste

The Spanish forced tens of thousands of indian

By 1600s mestizos (people of mixed origin) ma

The Virgin of Guadalupe would come to be reve

Justifications for conquest

Pope Alexander VI divided the non-christian wo

Protestant Reformation divided the Catholic Ch

Exploring North America

Spain established the first permanent colony in

The first region to be colonized within the prese

Spain hoped to establish a military base the

Florida eventually failed as a settlement and rem

Spain established the capital of New Mexico at

The Pueblo Revolt

Franciscan friars burned sacred Indian objects

Canada was widely depicted as an icebox, a lan

Most French who left their homes during the

The revocation of the Edict of Nantes, whic

The viability of New France fur trade relied on fr

Participation in the fur trade drew natives into th

Indians were swept into the rivalries among

Metis: children of French and Native American o

Indians who converted to Catholicism were prom

Boundaries between empires and Indians were

Beginnings of English America

Settlers of English America enjoyed greater righ

Colonists enjoyed “all liberties”

When the pope refused to annul his marriage to

England and Ireland

The Social Crisis

America served as a refuge for the surplus pop

Landlords introduced more modern farming pra

Economic inequalities surged throughout Engla

Authorities saw unemployed masterless me

The New world was pictured as a unique place

The main lure for emigrants from England to the

in gold and silver as the promise of independen

Owning land gave men control over their own la

Each colony was launched with a huge grant of

Englishmen and Indians

The English were interested in displacing the In

The English exchanged goods such as fur with

The English acquired land by purchase, often in

they had suffered military defeat