9

MUSIC AND ARTS

Quarter 3 – Module
Week 1-4

INSTRUMENTAL
V MUSIC OF THE
ROMANTIC PERIOD

ARTS OF THE
NEOCLASSIC AND
ROMANTIC PERIOD
Music and Arts 9
Alternative Delivery
Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Instrumental Music of the Romantic Period
Arts of Neoclassic and Romantic Period
First Edition, 2021

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Authors: Pamela Rose S. Sumera/Rina Carabeo

Validator: Noe M. Morgado/Marjorie Ann Lacson

Reviewers: Dr. Fatima T. Yusingbo,
Illustrator:
Layout
Artist:
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Introductory Message
Romantic Period in Music will be divided into two parts: Instrumental and
Vocal. This quarter is all about Instrumental Music.

Compositions during the Romantic Period became more dramatic as the name
speaks for itself and also creative.

The Romantic Period (1850 – 1900) is described as a cultural movement that

stressed emotion, imagination, individualism and freedom of expression.

The word “romanticism” was first used to describe new ideas in arts; particularly
in painting and literature, towards the end of the 18th century. This word was later
taken up by musicians, to describe the changes in musical style, which took place soon
after the turn of the century.

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 MUSIC 9
Quarter 3 – Module 1-2
Instrumental Music of the
Romantic Period

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 Lesson

1
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF THE
ROMANTIC PERIOD

What’s In

It was Ludwig Van Beethoven that bridge the Classical Period Music to the new
era called Romantic Period as they look up to him as their inspiration. Individuality and
emotional expression were considered as the composers expressed what a human
emotion is all about.

What’s New

Romantic period got its artistic inspiration in arts through the following:

● Express extreme emotion of a human being

● Discover nature through sounds

● Interests to “the supernatural” or at that time the scientific discovery.

● Nationalism in music by incorporating folk songs and stories.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ROMANTIC PERIOD MUSIC

1. Musicians were considered virtuoso. They just don’t compose their music but also
like to perform it themselves.
2. They practiced Creative Freedom. Composers and musicians follow the people so
they can perform and earn.
3. They no longer work for the nobles. They stay away from just performing inside the
castle.
4. Song-like melodies (lyrical), as well as many chromatic harmonies and discords.
5. Dramatic contrasts of dynamics and pitch.
6. Big orchestras: due mainly to brass and the invention of the valve.
7. Wide variety of pieces (i.e. songs up to five hour Wagner operas)
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8. Shape was brought to work through the use of recurring themes.

Elements of Music:

Melody
Romantic era music uses long, lyrical melodies with irregular phrases with wide,
somewhat angular skips. Chromaticism is the use of notes outside the diatonic scales or
modes.

Chromatic tones were

systematically
incorporated into the
diatonic system
of harmony and were
indicated in the musical
text as accidental signs,

Rhythm
Frequent changes in both tempo and time signatures are eminent during this
period. Other expressive indications such as espressivo, dolce, con amore, con fuoco are
being introduced as well to elaborate the expressions to a musical piece.

Romantic music is not just about the

emotion of love, it can also be about hate
or death (positive or negative feelings).
Tempo
Tempo rubato, a type of tempo marking, instructs the performer to freely,
expressively speed up or slow down at certain passages. In Italian, "rubare" means "to
steal," and "tempo" means "time." Therefore "tempo rubato" means the time of some
measures are stolen by the others.

Basically, rubato is when a

performer doesn’t stick to the
strict rhythms written by the
composer but alters them to give
more expression to the
Timbre
There is a great variety of tone color in this era. Woodwind and brass sections of
the orchestra increased; many special orchestral effects were introduced. Larger and
smaller sizes of previous instruments were added such as:

Contra
Piccolo
Bassoon

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 What Is It

PERFORMANCE PRACTICE IN THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

Piano Music. Piano music of the Romantic period was filled with innovations. Most of
the compositions require a high level of virtuosity. Some were reinventions of sonatas
from the Classical era. Piano keys were expanded from five octaves to eight octaves.

There is a richness in the sound of the pitch and tonal quality because of the change in
the material used in the frame from wood to metal.

BALLADE- a verse form or narrative that is set to music

ETUDE –a piece composed for the development of a specific technique.
MAZURKA - a Polish dance in triple time signature
NOCTURNE - an instrumental composition of a pensive, dreamy
mood, for the piano
POLONAISE - Polish dance in triple time that consists of a march or
procession
PRELUDE - a short piece of music that can be used as a preface, and
introduction to another work or may stand on its own
WALTZ – a German dance in triple meter

Strings Music. This section is composed of the violin, viola, cello and the bass. The
violin instrument was recognized in Italy because of its singing tone. It’s first maker was
Andrea Amati in the 16th century . Innovations were made to modern style by Antonio
Stradivari.

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 Image taken from www.chemistryviews.org

Image taken from www.abcteach.com

Program Music

As links were formed between music, painting and literature, composers started
to compose program music. – a music that tells a story.

Tchaikovsky is one composer known for program music because of his ballet
music. He had a very colorful life because of his sexual preference but this did not stop
him to become one of the leading composers in the history of music. His music was loved
by many because of its tuneful and striking symphonic music.

One of his well-known ballet is the classic fairy tale Christmas story; The
Nutcraker. It is all about how families spend their Christmas eve celebration. It has two
acts and was first performed in Russia. But it was after a hundred years later that this
ballet reached its popularity.

Popular music are The Nutcracker Suite, Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy, Waltz of
the Snowflakes, Dance of the Flowers, Dance of the Mirlitons are among others.

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 Image from dancing times: Pas de deux Dance of the Snowflakes from the New York Times

Poster of the Russian National Ballet by Runcornand and Widnes World

What’s More

Here are some famous musical artists of the Classical Period Music.
Frederic Chopin (1810 -1849)
He was known as the “Poet of the Piano” Some of his compositions
like mazurkas and polonaise express his love for Poland
Famous Works:
● Fantasie in F minor, Op. 49,
● Revolutionary Etude, Op. 10, No. 12
● Heroic Polonaise (Op. 53 in A Flat Major)
Franz Liszt (1811 - 1886)
He was known as the Hungarian virtuoso pianist, composer and the
busiest musician during the romantic era.
Famous Works:
● La Campanella
● Liebestraume No. 3
● Hungarian Rhapsodies

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 Robert Schumann (1810-1856)
One of the famous Romantic German composers that beautifully
combined music and words, he was a composer and music critic.
Famous Works:
● Abegg Variations, Opus 1(1830)
● Davidsbundlertanze ("Dances of the Band of David"), Opus 6
(1837)
● Carnaval," Opus 9 (1835)
Hector Berlioz (1803 - 1869)
A French romantic composer, in most of his compositions, he made
tone color as the basic part of his musical language
Famous Works:
● Symphonie Fantastique
● Requiem
● La Damnation de Faust
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)
He was born on May 7, 1840 in Votkinsk, Russia and was known as
the “Father of Ballet Music “.
Famous Works:
● Swan Lake
● Dance of The Sugar Plum Fairy
● The Nutcracker
Camille Saint-Saëns (1835 - 1921)
A French composer who was considered as a composer who creates
elegant music, neat, clean, polished and never excessive
Famous Works:
● Carnival of the Animals
● Danse Macabre
● The Swan

Lesson

2 Performance Practice of the

Instrumental Romantic
Period Music

What’s In

"Romanticism" was brought about by the social and political stresses following
the French Revolution, and the resulting nationalistic trends. It was a period of dramatic
thought and action, also involving contradictions between capitalism and socialism,
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freedom and oppression, logic and emotion, science and faith. There was a general
impatience with the rules and restraints of Classicism, and music "revolted" against the
practices of Mozart and Haydn.

Another development that had an effect on music was the rise

of the middle class. Composers of the Romantic Era showed the
world that there should be “no segregation of musical
tastes” and that the “purpose was to write music that was to be
heard.”

●
What’s New

HISTORY OF ROMANTIC PERIOD

The burning of the throne of king Louis Philippe during the French revolution of 1848, Paris 25th February 1848

Historical Events
Charles Darwin’s
Invention of a Theory of
telegraph by Evolution from
Samuel Morse his book, The
(1830 – 1840) Origin of Species
(1859)

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 Naval battle at
Santiago, Cuba,
Spanish- The Industrial Revolution was in full effect by
American War the late 18th century and early 19th century.
(1898) This event had a very profound effect on
music: there were major improvements in the
mechanical valves, and keys that most
woodwinds and brass instruments depend
on.

What is it?

OTHER ART FORMS IN THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

Literature
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer A Christmas Carol
Mark Twain Charles Dickens

It is about a young boy It is the story of an elderly

growing up along the
Mississippi River. It is set
in the 1840s in the fictional
town of St. Petersburg,
inspired by Hannibal,
Missouri, where Twain
lived as a boy.
miser who is visited by
the ghost of his former
business partner and the
spirits of Christmas Past,
Present and Yet to
Come. After their visits,
he is transformed into a
kinder, gentler man.

Visual Arts

The painting
commemorates the Millet is noted for his
July Revolution of paintings of peasant
1830, which toppled farmers and can be
King Charles X of categorized as part of the
France. Realism art movement.

“Liberty Leading the People”

Eugène Delacroix
“The Sower”
Jean-François Millet

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 In the work, Goya sought to
commemorate Spanish resistance to
Napoleon's armies during the
occupation of 1808 in the Peninsular
War

“The Third of May 1808”

Francisco Goya

Program Music

Program music is descriptive, suggesting visual images or 'telling a story'.

Watch the Carnival of Animals by Camille Saint-Saens: https://bit.ly/3COD4tO

Image take from on Art and Aesthtics: Carnival of Animals by Camile Saint-Saens

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Orchestral Program Music

There are three main types of orchestral program music:

● Tone poem (or symphonic poem)
● Concert overture
● Program symphony

Tone Poem

The tone poem as a form is an invention of the Romantic era. It is a long single movement
piece for orchestra that illustrates or evokes the content of a poem, short story, novel,
painting, landscape, or other (non-musical) source

This is Tchaikovsky’s Romeo and Juliet: Image taken from Queensland Ballet:
Romeo and Juliet
https://bit.ly/30S0IsO

Its central love theme (at 14:20)

is frequently quoted today in romantic
scenes for film and television.

Overtures

An overture is the name usually given to the orchestral piece played at the
beginning of an opera, but during the 19th century, composers began to write concert
overtures.

The concert overture, based on the style of overtures to romantic operas, became
established in the 19th century as an independent, one-movement work, which took
either the classical sonata form or the free form of a symphonic poem.

This is Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture: https://bit.ly/3cJs3Q1 It incorporates French and

Russian national anthems with canons, fireworks and bell tower.

Program Symphony

A program symphony is in several movements, following roughly the same plan

as a symphony and drawing inspiration from an extra musical element.

Watch a Symphonie Fantastique of Hector Berlioz https://bit.ly/3l7zvsZ

It depicts the obsessive love of a young artist through his opium-induced dreams.

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 The opposite of program music is “absolute music”.
Unlike program music, absolute music did not portray
any message. It is music for its own sake, with the
composer giving you NO hint as to what it might be
depicting. Examples are works from Bach and
Beethoven.

What’s More

WHAT IS “MUSIC PERFORMANCE”?

Musical performance is a process in which musical ideas are realized and

transmitted to a listener. In Western music, performance is most commonly viewed as
an interpretive art, though it is not always merely that. Performers to some degree
determine aspects of any music they play. Issues of tempo, phrasing, dynamics, and,
in some types of music, pitches and instrumentation are subject to a performer’s
discretion.

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 There are 2 things you need to understand about a great
performance:
A great performance does not replace content with
movement.
A great performance will keep the integrity of the
content visually for that artist and their songs.

REMEMBER

✔ Musical performance in Western music is viewed as an expression.

✔ Evaluation helps in improving music performance.
✔ A rubric is needed to properly evaluate music performance.
✔ Rubrics are intended for less biased evaluation.
✔ Musicality (accuracy of pitch, rhythm, dynamics, and tempo) and expression are
few of the most important things for a great music performance.

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References:
● Grade 9 Music and Arts Learning Materials , Department of Education, Republic
of the Philippines
● Grade 9 Music and Arts Teacher’s Guide , Department of Education, Republic of
the Philippines
● Most Essential Learning Competencies with CG Codes/Suggested LR’s
● Learning Activity Worksheets for Music Grade 9 Q3
● ADM for Grade 9 SY 2020-2021 authored by Arielle B. Estafani
Readings :
● www.Britannica.com
● www.Classicfm.com
● www.Courses.lumenlearning.com
● www.nationalgeographic.com
● www.Connolymusic.com
● www.Cram.com
● www.hellomusictheory.com
Images :
● Google images
Videos:
● Youtube.com
Links :
● Canva.com
● Bitly.com
https://bit.ly/3COD4tO
https://bit.ly/30S0IsO
https://bit.ly/3cJs3Q1
https://bit.ly/3l7zvsZ

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 Arts 9

Third Quarter – Module

WEEK 3-4
Arts of the Neoclassic and
Romantic Periods

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 Lesson

1
Neoclassical and Romantic Periods

What’s In

Neoclassicism was born out of rejection of the Rococo and late Baroque styles. Romanticism
began in the same era, but its approach had to do with the modern or new rather than the
traditional.

What’s New

Introduction to Neoclassical Period (1780-1840)

The word neoclassic came from the Greek word neos meaning “new” and the Latin word classicus
which is similar in meaning to the English phrase “first class”.
Romantic Period (1800-1810s)
Romanticism was a movement in which the artists of neoclassical period sought to break new ground
in the expression of emotions, both subtle and stormy. It embraced a number of distinctive themes, such
as a longing for history, super-natural elements, social injustices, and nature.

What is It

The Neoclassical movement coincided with the 18 th century Age of reason also known as the Age
of enlightenment. The art style in this period was brought about by the renewed interest in Greek and
Roman classics. Characteristics are portrayal of Roman history, formal composition, uses of diagonal to
show the peak of an emotion or movement, uses local color and overall lighting and classic geo-structure.
Classical and mythological figures in a contemporary scene was the common subject style and were
(academies or art institution) a place where artists hone their skills and exhibit their works in events called
“salons.”

Romanticism is a period sought to break a new ground in the expression of emotion, both stormy and
subtle. The landscape painting became more popular due to the people’s romantic adoration of nature. Its
characteristics are height of action, emotional extremes, celebrated nature as out of control, dramatic
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compositions, and heightened sensation (life and death moments). This was about passion and emotions
and artists focuses on subjects that are experimented and dramatic with emotions rarely touched upon like
disgust, horror, and astonishment. Explored themes that were unfamiliar and contemporary in origin.

An era in art that uses contemporary themes and depicted them with emotional and dramatic colors
is the Romantic Period.
An era in art that used classical subjects to create realism and lessen the emotions intensity used in the
Baroque style is the Neo Classicism.

Lesson
Characteristics and the Iconic
2 Artists of the Neoclassical and
Romantic Art Period

What’s In

In Neoclassicism Painting is an artistic interpretation of classic Greek and Roman history

was restored to realistic portrayals. Sculpture is a Roman style inspiration while architecture is
in the purest form, derived from architecture of Classical Greek and Rome and characterized by
simple geometric forms but enacted on a grand scale. Its style is, temple style, palladian style or
villa and classical block style. While in Romanticism Painting is giving more emphasis on the
emotions while sculpture is all about human and natural world. Architecture (Gothic revival)
has a feature of castellations in which the walls and towers are crenellated in imitation of
medieval castles were bricks and stones are commonly used.

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 What’s New

Neo-classicism is the name given to the Western movements in the decorative and visual arts.
Characteristics of Neoclassical Arts:
1. Rebirth of the human history
2. Formal composition
3. The use of diagonals to show the apex of emotion /moment (versus a regular moment)
4. Local color
5. Over-all lighting
6. Classic geo-structure

Romanticism is a movement in which the artists of Neo-classical period sought to break new ground in
the expression of emotions, both subtle and stormy.
Characteristics of Romantic artworks:
1. Shows height of emotion
2. Emotional extremes
3. Celebrated nature as out of control
4. Dramatic compositions
5. Heighted sensations (life and death moments)
6. Paintings focus on emotions

What is It

Neoclassical and Romantic Artists:

Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825) - was an

influential French painter in the Neoclassical
style and considered to be the pre-eminent
painter of the era. His subjects of paintings
were more on history. His famous artworks are
The Death of Marat, Napoleon Crossing the
Alps, and Oath of the Horatii.

www.wikipedia.com

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 Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1780-
1867)- Ingres was a pupil of JacquesLouis
David. He was influenced by Italian
Renaissance painters like Raphael, Nicolas
Pousin, Botticelli, and his mentor,
JacquesLouis David.
His paintings were usually nudes, portraits,
and mythological themes. He was regarded as
one of the great exemplars of academic art and
one of the finest Old Masters of his era. His
famous artworks are
www.wikipedia.com Portrait of Napoleon on the Imperial Throne,
The Apotheosis of Homer.
Antonio Canova (1757-1822)- a prolific Italian
artist and sculptor who became famous for his
marble sculptures that delicately rendered
nude flesh. He opened the idea for portraying
discrete sexual pleasures by using pure
contours with his mythological compositions.
His famous artworks are Psyche Awakened by
Cupid’s Kiss and Washington.
www.wikipedia.com
Bertel Thorvaldsen (1789-1838)- He was the
first internationally acclaimed Danish artist. He
executed sculptures of mythological and
religious themes characters. His famous
artworks are Christ and Lion of Lucerne

www.wikipedia.com
Robert Adam (1728-1792) – He was known
as the Palladian architect of the Neoclassical
who designed two well-known American civic
buildings- The White House and the United
States Capitol. He had also designed many
country houses.

www.wikipedia.com
Jean Louis Theodore Gericault (1791-1824)
- the first French master and the leader of the
French realistic school. His masterpieces
were energetic, powerful, brilliantly colored,
and tightly composed. His famous artworks
are The
Raft of the Medusa, Charging Chasseur,
www.wikipedia.com Insane Woman.

Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863) – was

considered the greatest French Romantic
painter of all. He achieved brilliant visual
effects using small, adjacent strokes of
contrasting color. He was the most influential
to most of Romantic painters and eventually,

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 his technique was adopted and extended by
the Impressionist artists. His famous artworks
www.wikipedia.com are Liberty Leading the People
Francisco Goya (1746-1828) - He was a
commissioned Romantic painter by the King
of Spain. He was also a printmaker regarded
both as the last of the “Old Masters” and the
first of the “Moderns”. His famous artworks
are The Third of May, Saturn Devouring His
Son and The Burial of Sardine.
www.wikipedia.com
Antoine-Louis Barye (1796-1875) – He was
the most famous animal sculptor of all time.
He studied the anatomy of his subjects by
sketching residents of the Paris Zoo. Famous
works: 1. Hercules Sitting on a Bull 2.
Theseus Slaying the Minotaur

www.wikipedia.com
Francois Rude (1784-1855) – was best
known for his social art which aimed to inspire
and capture the interest of a broad public.
Famous Artworks are Departure of the
Volunteers and JEANNE d’Arc.

www.wikipedia.com

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 What I Have Learned
.
Neoclassicism and Romanticism are different are different from each other but surely both inspire
people by means of the different forms of arts they have. As we have noticed, neoclassical
artworks portrayed Roman history most significantly the Roman heroes as their commonly
subject. Artworks commonly used lines as their significance to show the apex of emotions. While
Romanticism emphasizes emotions as depicted by the artworks shown and highlighted by the
most important element, the colors.

Lesson

3
Neoclassicism and Romanticism in the
Philippines
Functions of Artworks

What’s In

CLASSICISM refers to the art forms produced in antiquity or inspired by it.

NEOCLASSICISM is a movement that drew motivation from the classical Greek/Roman age.
● Characteristic – incorporate a focus on Greek and Roman folklore and heroic historical
subjects: a prioritization of the brave males.
● Tone/Mood – Calm, rational, rejecting the flamboyant and sensual art of the Baroque
and Rococo eras. Unemotional rather than expressive,
● Painting style features and Techniques:
a. Severe, precisely drawn figures, with hard, crisp edges that often seem frozen
in action.

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 b. Backgrounds simple, uncluttered to avoid the Rocco melodrama and generally
included Roman touches like arches or columns.

● Values – Order, seriousness, noble gestures such as courage, sacrifice & love of
country.

● Neoclassicism emphasized order and reason, restraint, common sense, and religious,
political, economic, and philosophical moderation.

● Their emphasis was on proper subject matter and artists eliminated unnecessary details to
focus on the overall design.
● They employed concepts like symmetry, proportion, unity, harmony, and grace.

ROMANTICISM is a movement in which the artist of neo-classical period sought to break new
ground in the expression of emotion, both subtle and stormy.

● Characteristic – Shows height of action, emotional extremes, celebrated nature as out

of control, dramatic compositions, Heightened sensations (life and death moments),
paintings focus on EMOTIONS.

● Romanticism wasn’t like Impressionism, where everyone concentrated on painting the

effects of light using loose brushwork.

● Romantic art ranged from the smooth-as-glass, highly detailed, monumental canvas.

● It may also be loosely defined by what it stood against. The championed spiritualism
over science, instinct over deliberation, nature over industry, democracy over
subjugation, and the rusticity.

● Romantic Painting – The paintings of the Romantic period gave more emphasis on
emotion. Artists expressed as much feeling and passion as it could be on a canvas.
● Romantic Sculpture – it can be divided into works that concern about the human world
and those that concern the natural world.

What’s New

NEOCLASSICISM and ROMANTICISM in the Philippines

FÉLIX RESURRECCIÓN HIDALGO Y PADILLA (1855-1913) was one of the great

Filipino painters of the late 19th century who was significant in the Philippine history for
inspiring members of the Philippine reform movement.
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Famous Artwork: THE CHRISTIAN VIRGINS BEING EXPOSED TO THE POPULACE
(F. Hidalgo) METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF MANILA

JUAN LUNA Y NOVICIO (1857-1899) was a painter and sculptor, who became one of
the first recognized Philippine artists. He was also a political activist of the Philippine
Revolution during the late 19th century. One of his famous artworks was the
Spoliarium. Spoliarium is a Latin word referring to the basement of the Roman
Colosseum wherein the fallen and dying gladiators were dumped and devoid of their
worldly possessions. The painting features a glimpse of Roman history centered on the
bloody carnage brought by gladiatorial matches.

FERNANDO CUETO AMORSOLO (1892-1972) was a National Artist in Painting. He

was a portraitist and painter of rural Philippine landscapes, and he was popularly
known for his craftsmanship and mastery of the use of light.
Famous Artwork: PLANTING RICE WITH MAYON VOLCANO (F. Amorsolo)
METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF MANILA

GUILLERMO ESTRELLA TOLENTINO (1890–1976) is a Filipino sculptor who was

named National Artist for the Visual Arts in 1973 and is hailed as the “Father of
Philippine Arts.” Famous Artwork: The Original Oblation at the 3rd floor of the Main
Library of U.P. Diliman

NAPOLEÓN ISABELO VELOSO ABUEVA is

a National artist for Sculpture. He was entitled
as the "Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture".
He has been the only Boholano to be given the
distinction of National Artist of the Philippines in
the field of Visual Arts.
Famous Artwork: SIYAM NA DIWATA NG
SINING.

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 What is It

The Oath of the Horatii painting by Jacques- Louis David is about loyalty to the state
and patriotic duty.
The painting shows David’s contrast in colors and an asymmetrically balanced
composition in space. There is an element of theatre or staging that evokes the grandeur
of opera.
Sculpture
Neoclassical sculpture is defined by its symmetry, life-sized to monumental scale, and
its serious subject matter.
The subjects of Neoclassical sculpture ranged from mythological figures to heroes of the
past to major contemporary personages.
Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss” by Antonio Canova shows the mythological lovers at a
moment of high emotion. It represents the God Cupid in the height of love and
tenderness, immediately after awakening Psyche with a kiss.

Architecture
Neoclassical architecture emphasizes its planar qualities, rather than sculptural
volumes. Projections and recessions and their effects of light and shade are flatter while
sculptural bas- reliefs are flatter and tend to be enframed in friezes, tablets, or panels .
The Arc de Triomphe honours those who fought and died for France in the French
Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and
generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces.

ROMANTIC PERIOD
Romanticism, fueled by the French Revolution, was a reaction to the scientific
rationalism and classicism of the Age of Enlightenment.
Romanticism legitimized the individual imagination as a critical authority, which permitted
freedom from classical notions of form in art.
27
 Painting
It emphasized the need for art to express emotion, irrational feelings, and imagination.
Liberty Leading the People by Delacroix.

It depicts the French Revolution in all its heroic glory and grisly destruction.
Fighting figures to Liberty’s left emphasize the shape, especially the top-hatted man clutching the
rifle. Which reaches its climax in Liberty’s raised arm and flag.

What I Have Learned

. Neoclassicism is characterized by clarity of form, sober colors, shallow space, strong

horizontal and verticals that render that subject matter timeless (instead of temporal as in the
dynamic Baroque works), and Classical subject matter (or classicizing contemporary subject
matter).

Romantic art focused on emotions, feelings, and moods of all kinds including spirituality,
imagination, mystery, and fervor. The subject matter varied widely including landscapes,
religion, revolution, and peaceful beauty. The brushwork for romantic art became looser and
less precise

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 Lesson
Techniques, Styles and Influences of

4 Neoclassic and Romantic Period

What’s In

The basic elements of arts such as lines, shapes, texture, and colors were found in the different
artworks created by the different iconic artists.

What’s New

Neoclassicism is characterized by clarity of form, sober colors, shallow space, strong

horizontal and verticals that render that subject matter timeless (instead of temporal as in the
dynamic Baroque works), and Classical subject matter (or classicizing contemporary subject
matter).
Romantic art focused on emotions, feelings, and moods of all kinds including spirituality,
imagination, mystery, and fervor. The subject matter varied widely including landscapes, religion,
revolution, and peaceful beauty. The brushwork for romantic art became looser and less precise.
The ages of Neoclassicism and Romanticism both span approximately the late eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries. (Within this period, Neoclassical artistic activity peaked first, then
Romantic.) Both movements flourished across Western Europe (especially in the north) and the
United States, and to a lesser extent in Eastern Europe.

Painterly vs. Linear Style

✔ Neoclassical painting usually features a linear style (in which the outlines of objects are
sharply defined, thanks to carefully controlled brushstrokes), whereas
✔ Romantic painters tended to favor a painterly style (in which freedom of colour takes
precedence over sharply defined forms; brushstrokes are less restrained, resulting in
somewhat "messy" outlines). The painterly style often has visible brushstrokes, while the
linear style features smooth areas of colour, in which no brushstrokes can be seen.

Defining The Elements

1. Line- A mark (actual or implied) that spans the distance between two points used to
define shape in two-dimensional work.

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 2. Texture- The way a surface feels or is perceived to feel. The actual or implied structure
and minute molding of a surface (rough smooth, etc.) which can either be seen or felt
with the sense of touch.

3. Value- Shading used to emphasize form. The degree of lightness or darkness of any
given color within a piece of art. Adding white to lighten the color is called “tint” while
addition of black is called “shade”.

4. Inspiration- Is an unconscious burst of creativity in a literary, musical, or other artistic

endeavor.

5. Tone- refers to the relative lightness or darkness of a colour (see also chiaroscuro). One
colour can have an almost infinite number of different tones

6. Subjects- Refers to the main idea that is represented in the artwork.

7. Technique- The manner and ability with which an artist, writer, dancer, athlete, or the like
employs the technical skills of a particular art or field of endeavor.

8. Role of Art- It means whatever the artist intends it to mean, and this meaning is shaped
by the materials, techniques, and forms it makes use of, as well as the ideas and feelings
it creates in its viewers.

9. Composition- It is the arrangement or placement of visual elements in a piece of

artwork. You might consider this exactly the same as the “layout” of a piece (a term you
hear a lot in graphic design).

What is It

The National Museum

Flipinos have adopted this style of architecture in the
country. Since the American Colonial Era Filipino
Architects employed neoclassical architecture. This
elegant architectural building was planned and designed
by American architect Daniel Burnham in 1918. It was the
former home of the national congress and was converted
into a museum where art, natural sciences and
Philippines’ natural and cultural heritage are housed.

https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki ›

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Manila Post Office

Its style also resembles the

neoclassical style because of the
series of ionic columns free standing
over the porch.

https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki ›

What I Have Learned

Now that you know the Neoclassical and Romantic styles are very different from each other.
Summarize those differences in a minimum of three paragraph form and write it in a half
sheet of pad paper
.

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 References:
Learners Material for Music and Arts 9
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/t/tone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistic_inspiration#:~:text=Inspirationt
http://teresabernardart.com/elements-of-composition/
https://www2.palomar.edu/users/mhudelson/StudyGuides/NeoCvsRomant_
https://www.art-is-fun.com/subjects-in-art#:~
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/technique
https://conceptartempire.com/what-is-composition/
http://www.essentialhumanities.net/western-art/painting/neoclassical-romantic

https://americanhistory.si.edu/exhibitions/george-washington-sculpture
https://quizlet.com/250813987/arts-neoclassical-and-romantic-period-flash-cards/

http://www.essential-humanities.net/western-art/painting/neoclassical-romantic/#neoclassical-
painting
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/neoclassicism-and-
romanticism/
https://www.britannica.com/art/Gothic-Revivalhttps://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
arthistory/chapter/neoclassicism/

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/neoclassicism-and-
romanticism/
https://www.britannica.com/art/Gothic-
Revivalhttps://viannantuono.weebly.com/uploads/2/3/3/5/23357026/pp_neoclassicism_stude
nt_version.pdf

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