Mechanics of Materials

Chapter 10

Columns

Mechanics of Materials
F.P. Beer, E.R. Johnston, Jr. J.T. DeWolf
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LAB
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Eccentric Loading; The Secant

• Eccentric loading is equivalent to a centric
Formula load and a couple.
• Bending occurs for any nonzero eccentricity.
Question of buckling becomes whether the
resulting deflection is excessive.
• The deflection become infinite when P = Pcr
d2y  Py  Pe
2

dx EI
  P    2 EI
ymax  e sec   1
 Pcr 
  2 Pcr   L2e

• Maximum stress
P   ymax  e c 
 max  1
A  r2


P  ec  1 P Le 
 1  sec 
A  r 2  2 EA r 
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Eccentric Loading; The Secant

Formula

P  ec  1 P Le 
 max   Y  1  2 sec 
A r  2 EA r  10 - 17
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Sample Problem 10.2

The uniform column consists of an 8-ft section
of structural tubing having the cross-section
shown.

a) Using Euler’s formula and a factor of safety

of two, determine the allowable centric load
for the column and the corresponding
normal stress.
b) Assuming that the allowable load, found in
part a, is applied at a point 0.75 in. from the
E  29  106 psi. geometric axis of the column, determine the
horizontal deflection of the top of the
column and the maximum normal stress in
the column.

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Sample Problem 10.2

SOLUTION:
• Maximum allowable centric load:
- Effective length,
Le  28 ft   16 ft  192 in.

- Critical load,

Pcr 
 2 EI

 
 2 29  106 psi 8.0 in 4 
2
Le 192 in 2
 62.1 kips

- Allowable load,
P 62.1 kips Pall  31.1 kips
Pall  cr 
FS 2
Pall 31.1 kips
    8.79 ksi
A 3.54 in 2
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Sample Problem 10.2

• Eccentric load:
- End deflection,
  P  
ym  e sec   1

  2 Pcr  
    
 0.075 in sec   1
 2 2 
ym  0.939 in.

- Maximum normal stress,

P  ec   P 
m  1  2 sec 

A r  2 Pcr 
31.1 kips  0.75 in 2 in    
 2 
1 sec 
3.54 in  1.50 in 2  2 2 

 m  22.0 ksi
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Design of Columns Under an
Eccentric Load • An eccentric load P can be replaced by a
centric load P and a couple M = Pe.

• Normal stresses can be found from

superposing the stresses due to the centric
load and couple,
   centric   bending
P Mc
 max  
A I

• Allowable stress method:

P Mc
   all
A I

• Interaction method:
P A Mc I
 1
 all centric  all bending
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