To calculate the friction factor according to ASHRAE in imperial units, follow these steps:

1. Calculate Reynolds Number (Re): ��=�⋅��Re=νV⋅D Where:

 ��Re = Reynolds number
 �V = Air velocity (ft/s)
 �D = Hydraulic diameter of the duct (ft)
 �ν = Kinematic viscosity of air (ft²/s)
2. Calculate Relative Roughness ( �/�ε/D): Calculate the relative roughness of the
duct, which is the ratio of the duct surface roughness (�ε) to the hydraulic diameter
(�D).
3. Select the Friction Factor Chart: Use the ASHRAE Handbook or other references to
find the appropriate friction factor chart based on the duct shape (e.g., round, rectangular)
and the relative roughness.
4. Read the Friction Factor: Locate the point on the chart where the Reynolds number and
relative roughness intersect, and read the friction factor.
5. Calculate the Frictional Pressure Drop: Δ�friction=�⋅��⋅�⋅�22ΔPfriction
=f⋅DL⋅2ρ⋅V2 Where:
 Δ�frictionΔPfriction = Frictional pressure drop (psi)
 �f = Friction factor
 �L = Length of the duct (ft)
 �D = Hydraulic diameter of the duct (ft)
 �ρ = Air density (lb/ft³)
 �V = Air velocity (ft/s)

Note: Ensure that all units are consistent throughout the calculations. ASHRAE provides charts
and equations for different duct shapes and configurations in both metric and imperial units.