A STUDY OF WOMEN INVOLVEMENT IN HOTEL INDUSTRY

Submitted By:

Sushmita Lama
Golden Gate International College

Registration No.: 7-2-453-124-2014

Roll No.: 3052/14

A project Report submitted to:

Office of Dean

Faculty of management

Tribhuvan University

In the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Hotel Management, Fifth Semester

Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal

August, 2018
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This project work has been prepared in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Hotel Management at Faculty of Management, Tribhuvan University. The successful
completion of this report was possible due to the cooperation from the following distinguished
personalities and they deserve special acknowledgement.

I am highly grateful to my supervisor/program head of my project "Mr. Bivab Neupane”- for

guiding me throughout the preparation of this report. I would like to thank him for the proper
guidance, suggestions, encouragement and comments to direct me to the right track throughout
this report writing despite his busy schedule.

I would also like to thank my friends who have been providing great help during my report
writing and their company makes each and every moment memorable. Last but not the least, I
wish to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to all those who in one or the other made
this report successful one.

Thank You

Sushmita Lama

Golden Gate International College

Sinamangal, Kathmandu
 TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER PAGE……………………………………………………….I

RECOMMENDATION………………………………………………II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………III

TABLES OF CONTENTS……………………………………………IV

LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………V

LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………..VI

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………..VI

CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study…………………………………………………………………

1.2 Statement of problem……………………………………………………………………

1.3 Objectives of the study…………………………………………………………………..

1.4 Rational of the study…………………………………………………………………….

1.5 Limitation of the study………………………………………………………………….

1.5.1 Organization of project report…………………………………………………………

CHAPTER- II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Review of hotel Soaltee crown plaza and summit……………………………………….

2.2 Review from the S.K Shrestha Book……………………………………………………..

2.3 Reviews from the Internet Articles……………………………………………………….

2.4 Nineteenth century hotel………………………………………………………………….

2.5 Hotel in the Age of Auto and Air travel…………………………………………………..

2.6 Review from the policies and programmed of Nepal for the fiscal year 2066/67………..

2.7 Review from the policies made by government of Nepal ministry of women, children and
social welfare…………………………………………………………………………………

2.8 Review from interim constitutional of Nepal 2067(2007)……………………………….

2.9 Review from the national population census report 2009……………………………….

2.10 Review from the report of international women’s day organized by NTB……………..

2.11 Research gap……………………………………………………………………………

CHAPTER- III METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design…………………………………………………………………………

3.2 Period cover……………………………………………………………………………..

3.3 Population and sample…………………………………………………………………..

3.4 Source of Data……………………………………………………………………………

3.5 Data collection procedure and technique………………………………………………..

3.6 Data analysis tools……………………………………………………………………….

3.7 Limitation of the Methodology…………………………………………………………..

CHAPTER- IV DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………

4.2 Data Analysis…………………………………………………………………………….

4.3 Major finding…………………………………………………………………………….

CHAPTER-V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….

5.2 Recommendation…………………………………………………………………………

REFERENCE………………………………………………………………..

APPENDIX…………………………………………………………………..
 LIST OF TABLES

Tables Page no.

Table1: View towards the woman in Hotel industry………………………………………

Table2: Opportunities provided to Women in Hotel industry……………………………..

Table3: Different problems faced by the Women’s in Hotel industry…………………….

Table4: Policies made in the favour of the Women in Hotel……………………………….

Table5: Gap between policies and implementation………………………………………..

Table6: Hotel industry is nice place to work………………………………………………

Table7 Flexibility in Hotel industry for women…………………………………………...

Table8: Opportunities and challenges faced by the women……………………………….

Table9: Women’s are important part of hotel industry……………………………………

Table10: Status of the women needs to be upgrade……………………………………….

Table11: The placement of women workforce in hospitality industry……………………

Table12: Average women working in hospitality industry………………………………..

 LIST OF FIGURE

Figure Page no.

Figure1: Bar graph of views forwards the women’s in hotel industry………………………..

Figure2: Bar graph of views towards opportunities to women in hotel industry……………..

Figure3: Bar graph of views forwards the problems faced by the women’s in hotel…………

Figure4: Bar graph of views forward the policies made for the women in hotel…………….

Figure5: Bar graph of gap between policies and implementation can be reducing………….

Figure6: Bar graph of views towards hotel is nice place to work…………………………….

Figure7: Bar graph of views towards the flexibility in hotel for women…………………….

Figure8: Bar graph of views towards opportunities and challenges faced by the women……

Figure9: Bar graph of views toward the women’s is important part of hotel………………...

Figure10: Bar graph of views towards the women’s status need to be upgraded…………….

Figure11: Pie chart of percentage of male and female in five star hotel of Kathmandu………
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of The Study

Nepal is a land locked south Asian country bordered by the people’s republic of china to the
north and Indian to the south, east and the west. The Himalayas, which host 8 of world’s tenth
highest mountains, including Mt. Everest which is located on the northern region of Nepal.
Nepal is approximately 56,827 sq. miles in area and trapezoidal in shape. It is unique travel
destination with diverse geography from incomparable snow capped mountains ranges to
colorful valleys and plains, ancient architecture, art and culture, vivid traditional festive,
religious, and spiritual symbolisms are prevalent in every aspect of Nepali life and can be seen
everywhere.

Nepal is a small beautiful heaven. It is believed that Nepal is derived from Newari word “Nepa”
which means “newari kingdom “as in the past Kathmandu alone was called Nepal: before the
fortification of the Himalayans kingdom united Nepal with 14 zones and 75 districts. With the
sanskritization the newari word “nepa” became “Nepal”. Nepal is the garden of four caste and 36
sub caste. Therefore its cultural diversity is far beyond the imagination.
The tourism industry has been primary medium for the development of necessary precondition
required for the economic and social development of the kingdom of Nepal. Tourism is growing
industry in Nepal which contributes the most in our economy. It has huge potential as there are
bunch of heavenly destination not yet explored by the world. Tourism being a growing industry
with lots of potential, needed for qualified personnel is increasingly yearly. So, it has become
very important for Nepal to accept the challenges and produce the manpower required by the
industry.

Hotel industry is one of the industries which have direct impact to the tourism industry. Hotel
industry and tourism industry has direct relationship. Hotel industry is the fastest groeing
industry in Nepal. There are many hotel industries established by the motto of serving the
tourists. According the Hotel Association of Nepal (HAN), business in hotel industry has nearly
15% in the current fiscal year as compared to the previous years. The hotel industry is considered
to have the highest local private sector investment in Nepal with the recorded investment if Rs.
100 billion. HAN has 8 FIVE STAR, 12 THREE STAR, 22 TWO STAR, 42 outside the valley
which have 34,958 beds in the country.

Hotel industry accommodates all the people around the world. Thus, the chance of earning the
foreign currency is higher in hotels. As of the early 1990s, women in Nepal were generally
subordinate to men in virtually every aspect of life. Nepal was a rigidly patriarchal society.

Women’s relative status, however, varied from one ethnic group to another. The status of women
in Tibetan-Nepalese communities generally, was relatively more autonomy and freedom than
Pahari and Newari women.

The senior female member played a commanding role within the family by controlling resources,
making crucial planting and harvesting decisions, and determining the expenses and budget
allocation. Yet women’s lives remained centered on their traditional roles taking care of most
household chores, fetching water and animal fodder, and doing farm work. Their standing in
society was mostly contingent on their husbands’ and parents’ social and economic position.
They had limited access to markets, productive service, education, health care, and the local
government. Malnutrition and hit women hardest. Female children usually gave less food than
male children, especially when the family experienced food shortages. Women usually worked
harder and longer than men. By contrast, women from high class family’s maids to take care of
most household chores and other menial work and thus worked far less than substantial, but
largely unnoticed because their traditional role was taken for granted. When, employed their
wages normally were 25% less than those paid to men. In most rural areas, their employment
outside the household generally was limited to planting, weeding and harvesting. In urban areas,
they were employed in domestic and traditional jobs, as well as in the government sector, mostly
in low-level positions. Tangible measure of women’s status was their educational attainment.
Although the constitution offers women equal educational opportunities, many social, economic,
and cultural factors contributed to lower enrolment and higher dropout rates of girls. Illiteracy
imposed the greatest hindrance to enhancing equal opportunity and status for women. They were
caught in a vicious circle imposed by the patriarchic society. Their lower status hindered their
education, and the lack of education, in turn, constricted their status and position. Although the
female literacy rate has improved noticeably over the years, the level in the early 1990s fell far
short of the male level.

The level of educational attainment among female children of wealthy and educated families was
much higher than that among female children of poor families. This class disparity in educational
attainment was also true for boys. In Nepal, as in many societies, education was heavily class-
biased.

In early 1990s, a direct correlation existed between the level of education and status. Educated
women had access to relatively high-status positions in the government and private service
sector, and they had a much higher status than uneducated women. This general rule was
applicable at the societal level than at the household level. Within the family, educated women
did not necessarily hold a higher status than her uneducated counterpart. Also within the family,
a women’s status, especially a daughter-in-law’s status, was more closely tied to her husband’s
authority and to her parental family’s wealth and status than anything else.

Women of 40% to 45% of Nepal are engaged in hotel industry. By the nature of women are
hospitable. Their nature is best in the hotel industry. Although there are so many opportunities in
the hotel industry, there are so many challenges and problems too. So i t is very necessary to
understand their status, their problems as well as what kind of opportunity can be provided the
future.

1.2 Statement of The Problem

Nepal is beautiful country. It is rich in natural resources and culture, the exotic Himalayas to
wonderful Terai and more than 6000 rivulets make Nepal an exclusive destination. Both men and
women are equally important for the country. But still women are backward in every sector.
There are very few women working professional work in Nepal. They may study the law, but
few are able to enter the profession. Women’s representation in the bureaucracy is also very
placed in the diplomatic corps. Limited participation in politics, bureaucracy and judiciary does
not stop women from making a remarkable contribution in the decision-making process at the
household level. Women serve as decision-makers in farm management, domestic expenditure
(food items, clothes and other expenses), the children’s education, religious and social travel,
household maintenance and also capital transactions. However, women’s decision-making roles
seem to have declined in recent years.

Although, 42 percent of the Nepalese women are literate and 60 percent of them are said to be
economically active (CBS, 2003), participation of women in politics in negligible. Women
excluded economically, socially and politically in Nepal. Those women who are in the front line
and may be working in high profile may be benefited, but they are very few and their voice is
rarely heard.

In hotel industry women’s are facing different kinds of problems, challenges day by day. So I
have tried to study about the women’s opportunities and challenges in hotel industry and where
possible, answer the following research question:
 What are the positions of women in hotel industry?
 What is the status of women’s in hotel industry?
 What are the opportunities provided them?
 What are the challenges and problems faced by women in hotel industry?
 Is their equality between men and women in this industry?

1.3 Objective of The Study

The main objectives of this study are to find out the status of women, their challenges, problems
faced in the hotel industry. The primary objectives are as follows:-

 To find women literacy and women involvement in various sectors.

 To identify opportunities and challenges for women in hotel industry.
 To review existing policies regarding women environment in hotel industry.
 To identify gap between policies and practices applicable in hotel industries.
 To draw out the conclusion and recommendation.
1.4 Rational of The Study

This research will be helpful to myself, because I will get chance to learn many things. It will
help me to know about the position of the women’s their challenges and problems faced in hotel
industry by them.

This research will be helpful to hotel to formulate new policies and regulations. And this
research also will be helpful to government for their policies. Overall this will be helpful to
students, researcher, planner and other related people to know about the women’s status in hotel
industry.

1.5 Limitations

The project report will give a study on women in hotel industry: opportunities and challenges.

Keeping in mind the study period time and other resources constraints, the present study is
subjected to the following limitations:

a. The study is based on the study of only selected hotels.

b. The degree of truth is fully depended upon information provided by the concerned
authorities.
c. Simple statistical tools and techniques have been used.
d. The suggestions and recommendations are entirely based on the data thus collected.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURES

Review of literatures is supposed to revise the eminent literature relating to various books,
articles, journals, bulletined, report news, statement and projects reports etc. The main purpose is
to find out what work have been done in the area of research problem under the study and what
has not been done in the field research problem under the study and what has not been done in
the field of research study being undertaken.

In this section, we have reviewed few research studies related to Brain Drain and also some of
related published articles, reports, unpublished thesis.

In this section, we have reviewed few research studies related to women involvement in hotel
industry and also some related reports, published articles, reports, unpolished thesis

2.1 Kathmandu, Hotels Soaltee Crown Plaza And Summit

Kathmandu is the capital city of Nepal. It is the biggest Metropolitan city, with two sisters
Lalitpur (patan) and Bhaktapur. The valley is the central regional surrounded by beautiful
mountains and hills, like Shivapuri, Phulchoke, Nagarjun and Chandragiri. Kathmandu is located
at the heart of the country and the headquarter of central Development Region (Madyamanchal).
Kathmandu is the hub of Nepal’s traditional culture and arts. This is the place for rest, relaxation
and easy-day sightseeing of the historic and artistic temples and monument and Mountain View.
Being capital city of Nepal it is the most developed city and it offers much services including
international airport, hotel and other facilities. Kathmandu is the gateway to tourist and it is also
the largest education hub having diversified academic field like Hospitality, medicine,
Engineering and other technical subject. Kathmandu is the nerve centre of the county’s economy.

Soltee Crown Plaza Kathmandu is located in the suburbs of Thachal just ten minutes away from
the city centre and 15 minutes away from the airport, Nestled in the Himalayas of Nepal, this city
hotel is set within 11 acres of intricately manicured gardens. The hotel is deal for both business
and leisure travellers. There are 283 rooms in total spread over 5 floors. It is air-conditioned and
has a lobby with 24-hour reception, hotel safe, currency exchange facility, lift access,
hairdressers’ salon, bar, casino, restaurants, conference facilities, and room and laundry service
(both subject to fees). Parking facilities are available to guests arriving by car.

The summit is a very special Nepali style hotel with western comfort. Terraces, set in spacious
flower gardens give view north across the Kathmandu valley to the snow clad Himalayan range
beyond. Open balconies with handmade tile floor and carved wooden pillars connect to the
rooms. A wide range of accommodation is offered, from the self contained apartments in
‘summit Tower’ and the luxurious ‘Himalaya view wing rooms’, to the original ‘garden wing
rooms’ and the good value budget accommodation available in Holland House’.

The Summit has a famous bar and restaurants, restaurants, beautiful gardens and terrenes, an
outdoor pool, beauty salon, business centre, conference and meeting facilities, room services,
wireless internet and telephone from all rooms. It was founded in 1978 by a group of Dutchmen
who had- and still have – a great affinity for the country, its mountains, people, history and
culture. Together with a small group of Nepalese- some are still working at the Summit hotel-
they built 36 garden wings rooms and in 1990 the Himalayan view wings. Currently the hotel
offers 73 rooms and employs are 150 Nepalese employees. A Nepalese and an English managing
director are currently in charge of the daily management. They are supported by a Dutch Board
of Directors and 8 shareholder families.

2.2 Reviews from Shrestha S.K Books

In general, hospitality is a genuine behaviour, but is hotel and restaurant business we make is
huge, hospitality here is, the service that you provide to guest with outmost integrity and
gratitude. We believe that guest is God. There are only two rules in hospitality industry;

Rule no. 1. Guest is always right.

Rule no. 2. If guest is wrong, go to rule no. 1.

Hotel industry is one of the largest industries in the world. Hotel is define as, a commercial
establishment that provide accommodation, food and beverages to the guest. The hotel concept
has grown from past few decades and the functioning a management have become more
complex. However, for smooth running of the hotel business, hotels have different departments:

 Front Office
 Food and Beverage Service
 Food and Beverage Production
 House Keeping
 Engineering and Maintenance

There are the five most important department of the hotel. There are other departments are well
to support the business:

 Human Resource Management

 Marketing and Sales
 Security

Front office Department

Front Office is the most visible segment of any hotel industry which is strategically located at the
entrance of the hotel building within the high traffic lobby area. The front office regarded as the’
Nerve centre’ of hotel as such is an excellent place to gain a detail understanding of how the
hotel establishment operates or functions. It is attractively designed and sufficiently equipped to
perform the necessary formalities related to arriving and departing guests. It is the place where
the travellers/visitors come into contact with the hotel for the very first time. Ti is solely
responsible for the sales of the hotel accommodation through systematic method of reservation
followed by registration and assigning accommodation to guests. The impression created here
can very often influence the entire period of guest stay in the hotel. They are also the last to see a
guest off in a happy frame of mind. This department not only deals with above functions but also
deals with guest comfort and convenience. Revenue collected from the sale of room contributes
to more than 50% of the total hotel sales. The profit percentage from sales of room is very high.
Since this is the only department which has got first and last point of contact of every guest with
the hotel. Front office department plays an important role on image building.
Thus, the main function of front office is to reserve, receive, register and assign rooms to the
guests and acts as continuous source of information on them during their stay in the hotel.

Section of Front Office Department

 Reservation
 Reception/Front Desk
 Guest Relation
 Business Centre
 Concierge/Uniformed staff

Housekeeping Department

The Housekeeping is one of the major key departments in the hotel which is responsible for good
Housekeeping. This department has a huge duty as it helps in selling of the hotels rooms and
maintains the standard of the hotel. It also coordinates with other major departments which
ensure smooth and systematic functioning of the hotel. This is the department which mainly the
guests overlooks and makes them stay as a guest in the hotel.

Housekeeping department functions a very critical operation of cleanliness and standardization

of the hotels. It is department which makes the guest stay ‘comfortable and relaxing’ by creating
a warm, friendly and homely atmosphere. It caters to fulfil guest’s every little requirements in
right order of service. This department creates a long and lasting

Impression and influences the guests to come back again and again. Hence, this department gives
the overall impression of the hotel, to the guest as it is responsible for the cleanliness,
maintenance and aesthetic upkeep of the hotel.

Section of House Keeping Department

 Housekeeping office/Desk
 Guest room
 Public Area
 Linen Supply room
 Laundry
 Florist
 Lost and Found
 Stores
 Horticulture

Food and Beverage Department

The food and beverage department provide food and beverage to the guest. Restaurants,
banquets, café lay under F and B Department. It is one of the important departments in the hotel,
which is responsible for the sales of food and beverages. The people involved in F and B
department must have dynamic personality so he/she can up sale and provide what the guest
wants. Guest doesn’t come to your hotel only to eat food but mostly to have service of the hotels
and restaurants. F and B service department offers the food and beverage to the guest by
understanding the guest needs and serve it with integrity.

Food and Production Department

The production department is one of the most creative and tough department of any hotel
because Kitchen department has to produce the right quantity and quality of food and also make
it presentable. It places an important role for increasing the palate and satisfaction of the guest.
Cooking is an art. Food should be very eye appealing and well presented as the saying goes food
is eaten by eyes first then nose and last by mouth. Therefore, a good chef needs skill, patience
and creativity to make food tempting.

It is a department which produces all the food items that is served in the hotel. There must be
good working environment. Sanitation and food hygiene should be maintained strictly because
these days’ people are very health conscious. The relationship of each work centre is carefully
designed to flow from station and to station and to the service area. The placement of facilities,
the relationship to storage area and the dining area and the sequence within the total meal is
carefully planned.

The food presentation is composed of greater number of individual work steps using variety of
utensils, as well as the major pieces of equipment; therefore facilities and layout is critically
important point. The labour cost includes a substantial amount of time used just for moving
supplies from one location to another.

Section of Food and Production Department:

 The Main Kitchen

 The Bakery
 The Kitchen Stewarding
 Cold rooms
 Banquet Kitchen
 Ethnic Kitchen

2.3 Reviews from Internet Articles (Hotels and Hotel Industry)

The primary purpose of hotels is to provide travellers with shelter, food, refreshment, and similar
services and goods, offering on a commercial basis things that are customarily furnished within
households but unavailable to people on a journey away from home. Historically hotels have also
taken on many other functions, serving as business exchange, centre of sociability, places of
public assembly and deliberation, decorative showcases, political headquarters, vacation spots,
and permanent residences. The hotel as an institution, and hotels as an industry, transformed
travel in America, hastened the settlement of the continent and extended the influence of urban
cultures.

The first American hotels were built in cities of the Atlantic coast in the 1790s, when elite urban
merchants began to replace taverns with capacious and elegant establishments of their own
creation. They hoped there by to improve key elements of the national transportation
infrastructure and increase the value of surrounding real estate, while at the same time erecting
imposing public monuments that valorised their economic pursuits and promote a commercial
future for the still agrarian republic. Unlike earlier public accommodations, hotels were
impressive structures, readily distinguishable as major public intuitions due to their tremendous
size, elaborate ornamentation, and sophisticated academic styles. They were often design by
important architects like James Hoban, Charles Bulfinch, and Benjamin Latrobe. Hotels also had
a distinctive internal arrangement incorporating grand halls for the use of the public and
featuring dozens of bedchambers, which for the first time offered private space to all guests.
Building on such a massive scale was tremendously expensive, and hotels cost from eight to
thirty times as much as had been spent on even the finest taverns. Early hotels quickly became
important centres of politics, business, and sociability. The city hotel in New York, for example,
became the centre of the Gotham elite’s business pursuits and elegant society balls, and
Washington’s Union public hotel housed the U.S. congress in 1814-1815 after the British army
destroyed part of capitol. The first generation of the hotel building continued into the first decade
of the nineteenth century before being brought to a close by the financial failure of many of the
first projects and the economic disruptions surrounding the war of 1812.

2.4 Nineteenth Century Hotels

A second period of the hotel construction began around 1820, driven by the American
transportation revolution. Steam navigation and the coming of the canal age, especially the
opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, extended the range of movement along the nation’s internal
waterways and greatly increased the volume of travel in America. Urban merchant-capitalists
constructed a new generation of the hotels as parts of their mercantilist strategy to claim
expanding economic hinterlands for their cities and states. The first of these hotels appeared in
leading commercial centres along coastal trade routes, beginning with Baltimore’s city Hotel
(1826), Washington’s National Hotel (1827), Philadelphia’s United States Hotel (1828),
Boston’s renowned Tremont House (1829). These were followed by similar establishments built
at key points along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, notably Cincinnati’s pearl street House
(1831), Louisville’s Galt House (1834), and the St. Charles in New Orleans (1837). These and
other second-generation American hotels were much larger and more numerous than their
predecessors and established the rectilinear, city-block hotel as a set architecture form that would
be repeated in locations all across the growing nation. This phase of hotel development was
brought to a close by the prolonged depression that followed the panic of 1837.

The third generation of hotels was catalyzed by the rapid growth of the American railroad system
in the decades after 1840, a development that freed long-distance travel from the limitation of the
river system and recon-figured the nation’s transportation network along an east-west axis.
Hotels continued to multiply in the east and also proliferated along the advancing frontier of
settlement, rising over the prairies and plains in the 1840s and 1850s and appearing in the
mountain west in the 1860s and 1870s. The westward advance of hotel construction soon linked
up with a counterpart that had originated with Anglo settlement of the pacific coast and extended
eastward. By the time of the centennial, America boasted both a transcontinental railroad and a
continental hotel network. Hotelkeepers had a meanwhile come to see their operation as
constituting an integrated national system. In the 1840s, they embraced new theories and
methods of hotel management based on closer supervision and regimentation of employees and
regularized contact among managers. In the 1850s, hotel proprietor began to organize their first
local trade association, and in the 1870s, they established specialized publication like hotel world
and the National Hotel Gazette that served the industry nationwide. Visitors from overseas
constantly commented on the size, extent, and excellence of the nation’s hotel system, revealing
that as early as midcentury, the American hotel had surpassed the hostelries of Europe and
become the leading international standard for public accommodation.

Hotel development also involved diversification of hotel types. Most early hotels had been large
urban luxury establishments, but newer variants quickly emerged. Resorts hotels, designed to
accommodate the rising tide of tourists, where built in scenic rural landscapes far from the cities
where the hotel form had been born. Commercial hotels, more simply furnished and less
expensive than the luxury variant, served the growing ranks of travelling salesman and other
commercial workers set in the motion by the burgeoning economy. Railroad hotels were built at
regular intervals along track lines to provide passengers and crews with places to eat and rest in
the decades before the introduction of sleeping cars. Residential hotels, dedicated to housing
need of families increasingly unable to afford private houses in expensive urban real estate
markets, served as the prototypes for apartment buildings. And a frontier hotel form,
characterized by wood construction, whitewash and tiered porches, was built in hundreds of new
settlements were travellers and lumber were common but capital was scarce. These and other
hotel types soon far outnumbered luxury hotels, though the latter verities received the most
attention from journalists, authors, and printmakers, and therefore tended to stand for all hotels in
the popular imagination.
Hotels were vital centres of local community life in American cities and towns. Their role as
important public spaces was in part a continuation of traditional uses of taverns, one that was
further amplified by hotels’ conspicuous architecture, central location, and spacious and inviting
interiors. Merchants and other businesspeople continued to use hotel space for offices,
commercial exchange, and accommodations, but the hotel uses of hotels far transcended their
economic function. Well-appointed hotel parlours and ballrooms were favoured venues for card
parties, cotillions, and other sociable events that involved seeing and being seen in refined public
settings. By the same token, voluntary associations ranging from debating societies to ethnic
brotherhoods and charitable organization regularly hired hotel assembly rooms and dining halls
for their meetings and banquets. Hotels also became major loci of political activity. Political
parties’ factions often set up their headquarters in hotels, where they held caucuses and made
nominations. Hotels served as important public forums, a fact revealed by the large number of
published images of political figures making speeches from hotel windows and balconies
hobnobbing in lobbies, and raising toasts in crowned halls. Indeed, such was the political
importance of hotels that they were often attacked in periods of domestic strife. The civil war
era, for example, was marked by the burning or cannonading o numerous hotels by southern
sympathizers.

Hotels also extended their influence over distance because they functioned as a powerful system
of cultural production and diffusion. Their role in accommodating travellers made hotels into a
frontier between individual communities and the world beyond, with hotel guests acting as
cultural emissaries who carried new ideas about aesthetics and technology along the routes of
their journey. Innovations in interior decorative luxury were among the idea most commonly
transmitted. Hotelkeepers spent heavily on refined furnishings as part of their efforts to attract
guests, and in so doing transformed décor into a showcased capital good. Because a hotel could
afford to spend far more on amenities than could a private family, its interiors constantly tempted
guest to emulate a higher standard of living. Midwestern travellers who stayed at fine hotels in
St. Louis or New York City, for example, were impressed with the elegance of their
surroundings and sought to reproduce them back home in Illinois, Lowa, and Nebraska. Hotels
similarly became showcase for household and communication technologies. Indoor plumbing,
central heating, elevators, gas and electric lighting first saw wide public use in hotels, as did the
telegraph and the telephone. Authors from Stephen crane to Bret Harte recognized the ways in
which hotels were setting a new pace in American life, and in his classic The American Scene
(1907), Henry James found himself “verily tempted to ask if the hotel-spirit may not just be the
American spirit most seeking and most finding itself.”

2.5 Hotels in the Age of Auto and Air travel

The rise of the automobile in the early twentieth century recorded the nation’s transportation
regime and marked the beginning of a new hotel age that lasted for more than two decades. The
nineteenth-century American hotel system and had been predicated upon long- distance, point to
point, steam driven water and rail transportation, and the gradual transition to auto mobility
wrought major changes in the hotel industry. In an effort to secure the patronage of drivers,
existing hotels added parking facilities, and new establishments incorporated them into their
building plans. Other developers created the motor hotel, or motel, a new hotel variant which,
instead of being located in cities and other travel destination, was typically sited on inexpensive
land along the roads in between. The automobile also influences the hotel Industry in
construction and management techniques, as Fordist mass production fostered a corresponding
drive for standardization and scale in hotels. E.M Statler was the foremost figure in this case. In
1908, he opened the first chain of the hotel dedicated to his belief that hospitality should be made
as similar as possible in every location. Statler’s success with a business model based on cost
cutting and scientific management made him the leading hotelier of his time and an important
influence upon twentieth-century hotel administration. By 1930, as the great depression was
putting a definitive end to this period of hotel building, the Census Bureau counted more than
17,000 hotels in the United States.

The American hotel industry expanded at a previously unseen pace following World War II. The
three-decade economic boom of the post-war years increased the incidence of commercial travel
and sent incomes soaring and the success of organized labour distributed wealth more evenly and
made paid vacations a reality for millions of workers. Meanwhile, the creation of the interstate
highway system and the emergence of safe and reliable passenger aircraft made travel easier and
more broadly subscribed than ever before. Hotel emerged as an important terrain of struggle in
the conflictual domestic politics of the era. When civil rights activists demanded an end to racial
discrimination in public accommodations, the special legal status of hotel space became a crucial
consideration in the litigation strategy of the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP). It was no coincidence that the constitutionality of the Civil Rights
Act of 1964 was definitely established by the Supreme Court’s ruling in Heart of Atlanta Motel
V. United States.

Hotels were similarly implicated in international politics. Americans ventured abroad in

increasing numbers during the post-war years, and the nation’s hotel industry expanded globally
in order to accommodate them. In the context of cold war geo politics, American-owned hotels
in foreign countries also served as exemplars of the benefits and vitality of capitalism. Conrad
Hilton particular spoke of his company’s overseas properties, particularly those along the iron
curtain, as valuable assets in the flight against communism. In a world simultaneously divided by
politics and connected by transportation, hotels were important symbolic sites.

The American hotel industry benefited greatly from the uneven prosperity of the 1980s and
1990s and the twenty-first century as a large and fast-growing segment of the national economy.
The hotels of the United States employed over 1.4 million people and collected more than $100
billion per year in receipts. They formed a dense network of 53000 properties comprising some 4
million guest rooms nationwide. Internationally, the industry operated more than 5000 overseas
hotels with over half a million rooms.

From its beginning as an experimental cultural form, the American hotel become a ubiquitous
presence on the national landscape and developed into an immense and vital national industry.
The hotel system transformed the nature of travel, turning it from an arduous and uncertain
undertaking of the few into a predictable and commonplace activity of the many. On the way, the
hotel became instrument, ornament, symptom, and symbol of America’s continental and
international empire.

Problems Faced by the Women’s in Hotel Industry

It’s not easy being a woman hotelier. If it’s not the scandalous PR legacy of one of their own
(who can forget “the queen of mean”?). It’s a muddy construction site filled with disrespectful
hard hats. Then there’s the catalogue of skewed gender-related assumptions everyone knows
women are hard-wired for pink, frilly, candy-box guest rooms. It’s all enough to make a girl go
home and play with her Barbie.

Given the potholes, the inroads women have made in recent years in the male weighted
hospitality industry are all the more impressive. Women now control hundreds of millions of
dollars of international real estate. As designers they influence not just one another but the entire
home furnishing business. And their hotels are recognized as some of the world’s most
innovative. The only wonder is that it took so long, especially since-politically prickly territory
ahead-sheltering and swaddling have always been considered feminine talents. As architects
Denise Scott Brown has noted of her staff’s work, “there do seem to be some male-female
differences, but there’s no way of knowing if they’re the result of nature or nurture. “if only that
closed the case, some women hoteliers believe that a lobby bouquet in a hotel run by a man will
always be bush-league, no matter how may ikebana courses he takes. Sorry, guys.

Of course, the lives of the women profiled here revolve around more than turn-down niceties.
You wouldn’t believe how many times their cell phones rang mid-interview with calls from a
panicky daughter who’d missed a piano or ballet lesson. But the fluidity with which Mommy
remained on message was dazzling. “Now, as I was saying about the sheets in my new suite…”

“It’s a man’s world, “according to the James Brown song. Or is it?

No one who knows what Grace Leo-Andrei has been through doubts that a woman is man
enough for the hotel business.

Last year bailiffs turned up at the Bel-Ami, a Paris hotel she refurbished, and left with a number
of rectangular cloth hanging lamps. The plaintiff was Christian Liaigre, the pan influential
designer whose friendly brand of minimalism and angular chocolate-wood furniture put Leo-
Andrieu on the map in 1990 with another Paris property, the Hotel Montalembert. Liaigre
claimed that the light fixtures in the Bel-Ami were plagiarized from one of his designs. The back
story is that he already attacked Leo-Andrieu in The New Yorker for sullying the Montalembert
with curtains not his own.

And you thought running the hotel was just a matter of training the operators to pick up by the
second ring.
For anyone else, it would have been too humiliating to bear. Serenely composed, not to mention
disarmingly well groomed and dressed-she often wears Celine and always carries a Kelly bag-
Leo-Andrieu responded in print by suggested in print by suggesting Liairgre had an ego problem.
Not very ladylike, you might say, but this is, after all, the age of women’s boxing.

“I get a lot of comments from businesswomen travelling alone who say that staying at the
Lancaster in Paris is like staying with friends,” says Leo-Andrieu, who owns and operates the
hotel, Known for its peaceful Japanese garden and contemporary way the antiques. “The staff is
trained to put women at ease. The restaurant is open only to guest and their friends, so there’s a
sense security.”

A graduate a Cornell University‘s School of the Hotel administration, Leo-Andrieu was also
thinking of women when she stocked the Lancaster with impossibly plush 6-by-35-inch, 1.5-
pound terry-cloth bath towels, made in a factory also used by Hormes. “I’m obsessed with the
towels,” she says. “I’m experimenting with a chemical-free rinse water scented with linden
blossom. You can’t pay enough attention to bathrooms. Many women travelers spend more time
in them than in their bedrooms.

Leo-Andrieu is aware of her reputation as an icy taskmistress, but, frankly, she couldn’t care
less. Answering critics, she points to the success of GLA International, her management and
consultancy firm, whose clients include the Cotton House on Mustique, Las Alamandas in
Mexico, and the Royal Rivirea in St.-Jean-Cap-Ferrat on the Code d’Azur—the scene of yet
another design contretemps. Following “I’affaire huminaire” at the Bel-Ami, Leo-Andrieu was
fingered by Villa Kerylos, a neighboring turn-of-the-century re-action of a classic Greek villa,
for borrowing rather too generously from the building for the Royal Rivirea’s makeover. She
happily acknowledges the influences of kerylos, adding that Starwood’s W hotels copy her all
time. In hip-hop they call it sampling.
2.6 Review From The Policies And Programmes Of The Government Of
Nepal For The Fiscal Year 2066/067

The process of inclusion in all state organs and levels of women, dalit, indigenous, madhesi and
inhabitants of the Terai including Tharus, Muslims, minorities, people with disabilities and the
people of the backward region will be carried forward on the basis of social justice and in a
forward looking manner. The inclusion related bill currently under the consideration of the
legislative parliament will be moved forward.

2.7 Reviews from the Policies Made By 2010 Government Of Nepal Ministry
Of Women, Children And Social Welfare

Mainstreaming

 Incorporate women’s concern and issues in the national and sect oral development
policies and protect women’s right an authority through the enactment of necessary laws as per
the need.
 Strengthen the institute capacity of Ministry of women, Children and Social Welfare
provide support to the existing women development cells in the sect oral ministries and help such
cells in other relevant ministries.
 Increases the participation of the women in the design of development policy and
programs in all levels.

Gender Equality

 Institutionalize gender sensation program for the policy makers, planners and
implementers from grass root to national level.
 Undertake measures to remove structural obstacles that hinder women’s participation in
national development, reduce gender disparity and improve/ reform legal and administrative
policy if necessary.

Empowerment
 Assure women’s empowerment by enhancing the role of women in the policy
formulation and decision- making at the national and sect oral levels.
 Undertake necessary administrative measures to Institutionalized the women
empowerment process.
 Protect women’s household labor as a productive activity giving due weights in the
national accounts.

2.8 Review from the Institute Constitution of Nepal, 2063(2007)

Rights of women

1. No women shall be discriminated against in any way on the basis of gender.

2. Every woman shall have the right to reproductive health and other reproductive rights.
3. No physical, mental or other form of violence shall be inflicted on any women, and such
an act shall be punishable by law.
4. Sons and daughters shall have equal rights to ancestral property.

Right to social justice

Women, Dalits, indigenous ethnic groups [ Adivasi Janajati], Madhesi communities oppressed
groups, the poor farmers and labourers, who are economically, socially or educationally
backward, shall have the right participate in state structures on the basis of principles of
proportional inclusion.

Right regarding employment and social security

1. Every citizen shall have the right to employment as provided for in the law.
2. Women’s, laborers, the aged disable as well as capacitated and helpless citizens shall
have right to social security as provided for in the law.
3. Every citizen has the right food sovereignty as provided for in the law.
2.9 Reviews from the National Population Census Report 2001

Information exhibiting in status of women in Nepal.

Population in percentage (%)|=50.03

Literacy rate (%) = 34.6

(Above 15 years)

Participation in council ministers (%) =5.55

Participation in civil service (%) =8.55

Judge (%) = 2.04

Teachers (%) =26

Communication sector (%) =12

Foreign employment (%) = 10.85

Agriculture production (%) =60.5

(Source national population census 2001)

From above information we can see that the total percentage of women and their literacy rate.
The highest percentage of women’s are engaged in agriculture and lowest percentage in judge.

However government has made many policies for women’s above information is the fact
information about the status of women in our country.
2.10 Review from the Report of International Women’s Day Organized By
NTB And Ministry Of Tourism And Civil Aviation

Recent Improvement

Ministry of tourism and civil aviation and Nepal tourism board jointly facilitated the women who
made special contribution in the tourism and hospitality sector.

The felicitation was organized midst programme on the eve of international women day. It was
the efforts gear up the promotion of Nepal tourism year 2011 and to identify the role of women
in tourism and hospitality.

Among the honoured women personalities are pilot Soni Rana, tourism journalist Krishna
Tamrakar, tourism Entrepreneur Ambika Shrestha, first woman secretary of ministry of tourism
Chandrakala Kiran, mountaineer Nimi Sherpani, educationist in tourist Menuka Shrestha a more
others.

2.11 Research Gap

The purpose of this research work is different from other studies and researches conducted by
other persons related to women’s. However, this study focuses mainly on; to find opportunities
and challenges faced by the women in hotel industry.

In the above Literature Review, research studies are related to policies made by the government
for the women. The researches and studies in the review of literature are directly or indirectly
related to women their status problems faced and some improvements. It was found that many
policies were made for the women but not especially for the women in the hotel.

In this study, we have tried to explain the opportunities, challenges, problems, etc. faced by the
women in the hotel industry. We have tried to find out the status of the women in the hotel.
Hopefully, we believe the finding derived from the study will be beneficial to all the readers and
researchers. However, we have tried to conclude and provide recommendation in more practical
and simple manner.
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Methodology

Research methodology in a scientific process of analyzing data; it is a systematic procedure from

where we can calculate and analyze the data then come into certain conclusion. Research is
considered to be more formal systematic, intensive process of carrying on the scientific method
of analysis. It involves a more systematic structure of investigation usually resulting in some sort
of formal record of procedures and a report of results or conclusion.
The simple meaning of research denotes to the search of knowledge. It can even be defined as
the scientific and systematic search of significant information on a specific topic. Research is
carried out to gain to gain familiarity with an observable fact or to accomplish new insights to it.
“Research methodology is the way to solve systematically about the research problem.” In this
that has been conducted here, the main objective can be stated as to analyze and examine the
opportunities and challenges faced by women in hotel industry. In order to achieve the
information the study required suitable research methodology.

3.2 Population and Sampling

All together we have taken three main hotels of Kathmandu Soaltee Crown Plaza, hotel
Himalayan and hotel submits. Where we have taken 100 random survey sample size.
Respondents were the employees of the hotels, both staff level and managerial level including
male and female.
 3.3 Source of Data
a. Secondary Source
The research is partially also based on secondary data. The information are also been taken from
web sites of different hotels and previous research. As per the requirement, data are also obtained
by reviewing leaflets, brochures, prospectus, periodicals, different books, project work and
thesis.

b. Primary source
The project is basically based in primary data; the data is achieved through questionnaire and
personal interview. It is impossible to interview each and every personnel, the questionnaire was
very effective and easy to collect the massive data in less time. The respondent have read and
tried to answer all the queries mentioned in the questionnaire. Data collection was mainly done
by distribution of questionnaire in hotels and also through some personal interview. We have
also used popular social network Face Book to collect fresh data.
Collected data are from various sources that are managed, analyzed and present in proper tables
and formats. Interpretation and explanations are made wherever necessary. Statistical and
financial tools are used in course of this study. The statistical tools used in this research work are
tables, pie charts, bar graph and mean.

3.4 Data Analysis

The method of data analysis used here is in descriptive in nature. The data collected in the
manner of the questionnaire was carefully and thoughtfully studied with the help of various tools
to obtain desired outputs. As far as possible, graphics, tabular, statistics and financial tools are
presented; this method is most effective way of interpretation. The detail analysis and conclusion
or outputs have been used to analyze the data that has been discussed in the latter chapter.
 3.5 Limitation of the Methodology

There are few limitations of Methodology use to analyze the data in the research. Some of the
limitations are enlisted as following;

 The strong drawback of Arithmetic mean is that is it very much affected by extreme
observation. Two or three very large values of the arithmetic mean.
 It cannot be determine by inspection nor can it be located graphically.
 Mean can only used for qualitative calculation.
 CHAPTER IV
DATA PRESENTATIONS AND ANALAYSIS

4.1 Introduction

The presentation and analysis of data is an important and vital portion of a research. The
justification of any thesis is done on the basis of analysis and presentation of facts. In addition,
the valid conclusion and recommendation is drawn based on the data analyzed and interpreted by
the researcher.

In this chapter, data that has been collected from three hotels of Kathmandu: Soaltee crown
plaza, hotel Himalayan, and hotel submit through the random survey of employees of the hotel
has been presented and analyzed. The result and findings have been presented using tables and
graphs.

4.2 Data Analysis

We have presented and analyzed the data through different statistical tools and have given
rational interpretations to find out the opportunities and challenges faced by the women’s in hotel
industry. We have presented the data in tabular form and used Bar Graph to represented the
tabulated information; we have also used statistical tools, Mode, Standard Deviation and
Variance to analyze the collected information and have given rational interpretation to
understand the opportunities and challenges faced by the women in hotel industry. We have tried
to learn as detail as possible to find out the rational of the study and tried to make it as
informative as possible.
 Table No. 1: Views towards the Women working in Hotel industry

S. no. Views towards the women working in hotels Numbers of Percentage %

respondent
a. Good 11 11%
b. Bad 48 48%
c. Average 2 2%
c. None of them 39 39%
Grand total 100 100%

In the above Table 1 is the tabular representation of the question no. 1 “What do you think about
the women working in hotel industry?” where we surveyed 100 employees from different hotels
from Kathmandu and asked the same question. The data collected for the survey are tabulated in
the above table.

Percentage of hotel employees

60%

50%

40%
No. of respondent

30%

20%

10%

0%
Good Bad Average None of them
Axis Title

Figure 1: Bar graph of views towards the women’s in hotel industry

Interpretation

The above figure 1 Bar Graph is the graphical representation of the question no. 1, where the
horizontal line x-axis represents option and the vertical line y-axis representations the no. of
respondent are surveyed from employees of different hotels of Kathmandu. The above Bar
Graph depicts, that most of the employees 48% have bad perception towards women’s working
in hotel, 11% have good thinking towards them, 2% have average thoughts towards that and 39%
have none of the choice.

Findings: Hence, from the above graph we can draw conclusion, that still women working in
hotel is not considered good. It directly clarifies that the people have traditional values an norms
and they don’t like women’s working in hotels.

S. Opportunities are provided to women in Numbers of Percentage %

no. hotel respondents
a. Yes 18 18%
b. No 39 15%
c. In some hotels only 15 15%
d. In most of the hotels 28 28%
Grand total 100 100%

Table No. 2: Opportunities provided to women in hotel industry

The above Table 2 is the tabular representation of question no.2 “What do you think, are women
getting equal opportunities compared to men in hotel? We surveyed 100 employees from
different hotel of Kathmandu. The data collected for the survey are tabulated in the above table.
 45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
No. of the respondent

20%
15%
Series 1
10%
5%
0%
s ls
Ye No ly te
on h o
le s
t he
ho oft
e t
so
m os
m
In In

Figure 2: Bar graph of views towards opportunities provided to women in hotel industry

Interpretation

The above figure represents Bar Graph of question no. 2 where, y-axis represents no. of
respondents and x-axis represents the options. The above figure depicts that 39% of the
employees of the hotels think equal opportunities are not provided to women in hotel industry.
18% of employees think that equal opportunities are provided in hotels for women. Some
exceptional case 15% employee’s think only some hotels are providing equal opportunities to
women’s and 28% employees think equal opportunities are provided in most of hotels.

Findings: From the above bar graph we can draw a conclusion that there are exceptional
opportunities in hotel industry for women but along with challenges and problems.
 S no. Problem faced by the women’s Number of Percentage
in hotel respondent

a. 12 12%
b. Sexual harassment 50 50%
c. Physical 27 27%
d. None of them 11 11%
Grand total 100 100%

Table 3: Different problems faced by the Women’s in hotel industry

The above Table 3 is the tabular representation of question no.3 “what kinds of problems are
women facing in the hotel industry?” A survey was conducted among the 100 employees of the
hotels from Kathmandu.

We asked them, what are the problems faced by the women’s hotels. The data collected for the
survey are tabulated in above table.

Percentage of hotel employees

60

50%
50

40
No. of respondent

30 27% Problem faced by the women’s in ho-

tel

20
12%
11%
10

0
A B C D

Figure 3: Bar graph of the views towards different problems faced by the women’s in hotel
industry
Interpretation

The above figure represents the Bar graph of question no. 3, where y-axis represent no. of
respondent and x-axis represents options. The above bar depicts that around 50% of the hotel
employees think that women’s are mostly facing the problem of sexual harassment. 27% of the
hotel employees think that women’s are facing the physical torture. 12% of employees think that
women’s are not facing any of the problems.

Findings: from the above figure we can draw a rational conclusion that the most of the women’s
in the hotel industry are facing the sexual harassment by the male employees. They are
discriminated in the name of gender too.

S. no. Any policies made in the favor Number of Percentage

of the women in hotel industry respondent %
A Yes 2 2%
B No 61 61%
C Never 7 7%
D Yes but not implemented 30 30%
Grand total 100` 100%

Table No.4: policies made in the favour of the women in hotel

The above table 4 is the tabular representation of question no. 4 “have you ever noticed any
policies made in the favour of the women who are working in the hotel industry?” we surveyed
100 employees from different hotels of Kathmandu. The data collected for the survey are
tabulated in the above table.
 Percentage of hotel employees
70
61%
60

50

40
No. of respondent

30%
30

20

10 7%
2%
0
A B C D
Axis Title

Figure 4: Bar graph of views towards policies made in the favour of the women in hotel

Interpretation

The above figure represents the bar graph of question no. 4, where y-axis represents no. of
respondents and x-axis represent options. The above bar depicts, around 61% of the hotel
employees think that they had never seen any policies made in the hotels for women. Similarly
around 30% of the hotel employees think that they had never made and around 2% are very sure
that policies are made for the women’s in the hotels.

Findings: from the above bar graph we can conclude that, first policies are never made in the
hotel industry for the women and however made in some context still they are not implemented
yet.
 Serial The gap between policies and their Number of respondent Percentage %
no. implementation can be reduced
A Yes 32 32%
B No 0 0%
C Rarely 13 13%
D Impossible 55 55%
Grand total 100 100%

Table no. 5: gap between policies and implementation can be reduce

The above table 5 is the tabular of question no. 5 “what do you think, are women getting equal
opportunities compared to men in hotel? We are surveyed 100 employees from different hotels
of Kathmandu. The data collected for the survey are tabulated in the above table.

0.6
55%

0.5

0.4
No. ofrespondent

32%
0.3

0.2
13%
0.1

0%
0
A B C D

Figure 5: Bar graph of view gap between policies and implementation can be reduce

Interpretation
The above figure represents the bar graph of question no. 5, where y-axis represent no. of
respondent vote and x-axis represents options. The above graph depicts, around 55% of the hotel
employees think that it is impossible to reduce the gap between policies and implementation can
be reduced. Whereas, 13% of the hotel employees think that gap between policies and
implementation can be reduced rarely.

Findings: from the above statistics we can conclude that, of course there is gap between policies
and implementation which is very hard to reduce in our country Nepal because implementation is
rarely done in every sector. Although it will take long time it is necessary to reduced it.

It is nice to work in Number of percentage %

hotel respondent
A Best 8 8%
B Good 22 22%
C Best 60 60%
D Satisfactory 10 10%
Grand total 100 100%

Table no 6: Hotel industry is nice place to work

The above table 6 in the tabular representation of question no. 6 “what do you think, being
women is it nice place to work in hotel industry?” we surveyed 100 employees from different
hotels of Kathmandu. The data collected for the survey are tabulated in the above table.
 70% Percentage of hotel employees
60%
60%

50%
No. of respondent

40%

30%
22%
20%
8% 10%
10%

0%
best good bad satisfactory

Figure 6: Bar graph of view towards hotel industry is nice place to work

Interpretation

The above chart represents question no. 6, where y-axis represents no. of respondents and x-axis
represent options. The above Bar graph depicts that around 8% of the hotel employees think that
hotel is the best place to work; similarly around 22% of the hotel employees think that it is quite
good place to work, 60% of them think that it is bad place to work and 10% think it is
satisfactory to work on hotel.

Findings: from the survey and data analysis we can conclude that, most of the hotel female
employees are happy in working in hotel still they have to face many challenges and male
employees are still negative towards women working in hotel industry.
S no. Flexibility provided for women Number of respondent Percentage%

a. Some extend 7 7%
b. average 59 59%
c. good 31 31%
d. Not yet all 3 3%
Grand Total 100 100%

Table no 7: Flexibility in hotel industry for women

The above Table 7 is the tabular representation of question no.7”what kind of flexibility is here
in the hotel for women? We surveyed 100 employees from different hotels of Kathmandu. The
data collected for the survey are tabulated in the above table.

70%
Percentage of hotel employees
59%
60%

50%

40%
no. of respondent

31%
30%

20%

10% 7%
3%
0%
Some extend average good not yet all

Figure7: Bar graph of view towards flexibility in Hotel industry for women

Interpretation

The above chart represents question no.7, where y-axis represents no. Of respondents and x-axis
repents options. The above bar graph depicts, around 59%of the hotel employees think that there
is average flexibility for women; similarly around 31%of the hotel employees think that there is
good flexibility for women in hotel.. whereas around 7%of the hotel employees students realize
that there is some extending flexibility for women in hotel. On the contrary 3%of the hotel
employees think that there is no any flexibility for women in hotel.

Findings: From above survey we can discover that there is average felicity for women in hotel
industry and being women some extend opportunities are also provided.

S no. Both opportunities and challenges are Number of respondent Percentage%

equally faced by the women in hotel
a. Yes 44 44%
b. No 6 6%
c. In average 15 15%
d. Most often 35 35%
Grand Total 100 100%

Table no.8: Opportunities and challenges faced by the women

The above Table no 8 is the tabular representation of question no.8”what do think opportunities
and challenges both are equally faced by the women in the hotel industry?” we surveyed 100
employees from different hotels of Kathmandu. The data collected for the survey are tabulated
in the above table.
 50%
45% 44%
percentage of hotel employees
40%
35%
35%
no. of respondent

30%
25%
20%
15%
15%
10%
6%
5%
0%
Yes No In average Most often

Figure 8: Bar graph of towards opportunities and challenges faced by the women

Interpretation

The above chart represents question no. 8 where y-axis represents no. Of respondents and x-axis
represents options. The above bar graph depicts that 44%of hotel employees think that women’s
equally faced both opportunities and challenges in hotel.35% of hotel employees think women’s
faced both opportunities and challenges most often. Whereas 15%of hotel employees think that
women’s faced both of them in average and 6%of them think women’s don’t face any of them.

Findings: we can conclude that women’s equally faced both opportunities and challenges in hotel
industry.

S no. Are women important part of hotel Number of respondent Percentage%

industry
a. Yes 65 65%
b. Surely 5 5%
c. no 9 9%
d. Not at all 21 21%
Grand Total 100 100%
Table no 9: Are women important part of hotel industry
The above Table 9 is the tabular representation of the question no. 9 “what do you think
women’s are also important part of hotel industry?” The data collected for the survey are
tabulated in the above table.

70%
percentage of hotel employees
65%

60%

50%
no. of respondent

40%

30%

21%
20%

10% 9%
5%

0%
Yes Surely no Not at all

Figure 9: Bar graph of the views towards is women important part hotel industry

Interpretation

The above graph represents question no.9, where y-axis respondents no. respondents and x-axis
represents options. The above figure depicts that around 65% of the hotel employees think that
women’s are the important part of the hotel industry. Similarly, around 21% of the hotel
employees believe that women’s are not important part of the hotel. Whereas, 9% of the hotel
employees think that women’s are not important part of the hotel. And around 5% of the hotel
employees think that women’s are surely important part of the hotel.

Findings: From the above graph we can conclude that women are the important part of the hotel
industry still there some expectation cases.

S no. Status of the women needs to upgrade or Number of respondent Percentage%

 not?
a. Yes 60 60%
b. No 5 5%
c. Of course 30 30%
d. Not at all 5 5%
Grand Total 100 100%

Table no 10: status of the women needs to be upgraded

The above Table 10 is the tabular representation of question no. 10 “what do you think women’s
status need to be upgrade or not in hotel industry?” The data collected for the survey are
tabulated in the above.

70%
percentage of employees
60%
60%

50%
no. of respondent

40%

30%
30%

20%

10%
5% 5%

0%
Yes No Of course Not at all

Figure 10: Bar graph of views towards status of the women needs to be upgraded

Interpretation
The above graph represents question no 10 where y-axis represents no. of respondents and x-axis
represents options. The above figure depicts that 60% of hotel employees think that the status of
the women need to be upgraded, 30%of the hotel employees surely think to upgrade the status of
the women. Similarly 5% of hotel employees think women statuses don’t need to be upgraded
and 5% of hotel employees think not yet all.

Findings: from the above graph we can conclude that status of the women needs to be upgraded
which will be beneficial for the whole hotel too.

Male Female

Airlines 63% 37%

Hotels(accommodation) 81% 19%
Hotel(restaurant) 79% 21%
Travel agency 86% 14%
Trekking 96% 04%
Human resources training 82% 09%
Others 91% 09%

Table no 11: The placement of women workforce in hospitality industry.

(Source: survey 2008 Surya Kiran Shrestha)

The above table number 11 is the tabular representation of the data collected from the survey
2008(Surya kiran shrestha). This information includes the percentage of women workforce in
hospitality industry comparing with male such as hotel, travel agency, trekking human resource
training etc. from the above table we can see that 40% of women’s are working in hotel and
restaurants.

Average Women Working In Hospitality Industry

 Different sector of hospitality industry No of women’s in hospitality industry

Airlines 37
Hotel(accommodation) 19
Hotel(restaurant) 21
Travel agency 14
Trekking 04

Human resource training 18

Others 09
(X ) = 122

Table no 12: Average women working in hospitality industry

Solution,

Here, we are calculating mean (X ) from the above data,

Mean (X) = x÷ n

= 122/7

= 17.42

Interpretation

Hence, from the above calculation of mean (X ) we found that in average 16% women’s

Work in hospitality industry.

Percentage of male and female working in five star hotel of Kathmandu

Female
Male

Figure11: Pie chart of percentage of male and female working in five star hotel of Kathmandu

Pie chart showing the percentage of male and female employees in five star hotel in Kathmandu
(Source: Meena khana; Research 2005)

4.3 Major Findings

The following are the findings derived from the analysis:

 Thinking towards women working in hotel industry: about 48% of the hotel employees
think negative towards them. It means still people have narrow and traditional views towards the
women working in hotels.
 In the hotel Women’s Working as an employee are not equally getting opportunities
compared to men. Only 28% of the hotel employees think that the women’s are getting equal
opportunities in most of the hotels.
 Around more than 50% of hotel employees think that women employees in the hotel are
facing the problems of sexual harassment, and 27% of hotel employees think that women’s have
to face the problem of physical torture in the hotel.
 Hotel employees around 61% think that the policies are never made for the women’s
working in the hotel.
 Around 35% of hotel employees think that the gap between policies and their
implementation in the practices cannot be reduced because mainly policies are only made but not
implemented in practices.
 Around 60% of hotel employees think women’s as a bad working in hotel, around 22% of
them think as a good for women working in the hotel industry.
 Around 59% of hotel employees think that there is average flexibility for the women
working in the hotel industry, being women in some extend there is flexibility for them in
working hotel.
 More than 44% of hotel employees think that opportunities and challenges both are
equally faced by the women in the hotel industry. 35% of hotel employees think that women
most often face opportunities and challenges equally.
 Around 65% of hotel employees think that women’s are also important part of the hotel
industry. So they need to be provided equal opportunities compared to men.
 In the context of upgrading the status of the women in hotel industry, around 60% of
hotel employees think that status of the women need to be upgraded in the hotel.
 Women existing status in participation of council minister is 5.55%. participation in civil
service is 8.55%, judges is 2.04% teacher is 26%, communication sector is 12%, foreign
employment is 10.85% and Agricultural production is 60.5%
 From the various sector of the hospitality industry, 40% of women’s are working in
hotel (accommodation) and hotel (restaurant).
 In average 16% of women’s are working in hospitality industry.
 16% of female against 84% of male are working in five star hotel of the Kathmandu.
 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1Conclusion

Nepal is a beautiful country near to heaven. It is situated in between two enchanting nation India
and China. Nepal is the youngest republic country to the world and the hidden gem with diverse
geography, culture and abundant natural resources, four castes with different ethics and life style,
Exotic Himalayas to wonderful hilly range and plain culturally rich terai makes Nepal the eighth
wonder of the world. These aspects build an extra ordinary temptation to Nepal and unique
aspect that make Nepal exclusively different.

The Hospitality and Tourism industry is the biggest industry in Nepal which contributes the most
in our economy. Nepal has huge potential in Tourism as there is brunch of heavenly destination
not yet explored. Therefore, private and public sector must jointly make an effort to explore
these opportunities and create more jobs and secure careers. Hotel industry is one of the
important parts of the hospitality industry. It has great role to increase the economy of the
country. Hotel industry provides various job opportunities for both men and women’s.

Women’s are also very important part of the hotel. Due to their nature, habits, behavior, hard
working etc they are the suitable for working in the hotel industry. They are associated with love,
warmth, and affection. They are responsible and caring in nature. They have convincing power,
and they have naturally soft voice. These all qualities in women’s make them perfect for working
in hotel industry.

Still having many qualities women’s have to face many challenges and problems in the hotel just
because of gender. Yes in some extent being women some opportunities are provided for the
women but still there is lack of good environment. There is need of good opportunities for
women and most important thing is that there need to be equal participation between male and
female.
However, the research paper has tried to investigation the challenges and opportunities faced by
the women’s in hotel industry. What is the concept towards the women’s working in hotel
industry? What is the status of the women? And what problems are they facing in hotel industry?
These are the things we have tried to analyze through the primary and secondary data to
investigate and obtain suitable result through different statistical tools like tables, bar graph, pie
chart, and mean. To some extend the research have tried to find more detail information through
primary data.

The major purpose of the study is to find out the opportunities and challenge face by the
woman’s in the hotel industry. We have conducted survey in three hotels of Kathmandu Soaltee
crown plaza, Hotel Himalaya, hotel summit and collected data, to analyze and interpret the
challenges and opportunities faced by the women’s.

After analysis of the data we found the women’s are the important part of the hotel industry.
Various policies are made by the government and by the hotels but still they are not in the
practices. Women’s have to face various problems, challenges along with some opportunities.
Still there are negative views towards the women working in hotel industry. So it is very
important to implement the rules policies made for the women’s.

Both men and women are the equal part of the development of the nation so for the healthy
development of the nation so for the healthy development of our country there must be equal
opportunities for the women also.

5.2 Recommendation

After the analysis and detail study of women involvement in hotel industry, opportunities and
challenges should be more provided. Some recommendation have been provided to citizens,
hoteliers, managers, private and government sector on the basis of major finding to increase the
status of the women’s in hotel industry. The following points are the suggestions and
recommendation to government, various private institutions, hotel and every individual citizen of
Nepal:

 There is need of changing our traditional norms and values towards the women are
working in hotel industry.
 There is need of reforming the government rules and regulations for the women’s.
 There is need of safety, security, and support for the women from individual level to
government level.
 There is need of active participation of women’s.
 There is need of better incentive policy for women’s by the hotel industry.
 Hotel needs to provide job security to the women’s.
 The most essential thing is the good and safe environment need to be provided to the
women.
 Different kinds of training and developments need to be provided by the hotels.
 There must be equality between male and female in the hotel in the name of gender.
 Motivation is necessary for women’s.
 There is need of proper law and policies for the women’s in the hotels and need to be
punished who goes against it.
 Every one need to realize that women’s are also important part of the hotel industry.
 References

Raj pradhan D (2010)” Nepalese Hospitality Human Resource and Muscle Drain”. Kathmandu,
Nepal.

Shrestha S.K (2010)” Research paper of comparative study of curriculum of Bachelor’s in Hotel
Management”, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Bhatta D. (2010)” Indian Cuisine”, Kathmandu, Nepal

Shrestha S.K (2008)” NATHM presentation Talentia 2010”, Kathmandu, Nepal

Khanal M. (2005)” Research percentage of male and female working in five star hotel of
Kathmandu”, Nepal

Various education website for references: www.wikipidia.com, www.wikianswer.com, and

www.google.com for searching various studies and theories (pdf. files) and websites.
 APPENDIX

A research on

Women’s involvement in Hotel Industry in Nepal

Questionnaire

(*Please fill in the following promptly, every information is valuable)

Name:

Age:

Gender (male/female):

Level of education:

Graduate Date:

(* Please answer the following questions honestly, this data have a great importance for the
research and also to understand the involvement of women in Hotel Industry)

1. What do you think about the women working in the hotel industry?
Good
Bad
Average
None of them

2. What do you think, are they getting equally opportunities compared to the men
employee?
Yes
No
Is some hotels only
 In most of the hotels

3. What kind of problems are the women facing in the hotel industry?
Gender discrimination
Sexual harassment
Physical torture
All the above

4. Have you ever noticed and policy made in the favor of the women who are working in
the hotel industry?
Yes
No
Rarely
Impossible
5. Do you think gap between the policies and their implementation in the practices can be
reduced?
Yes
No
Rarely
Impossible

6. Being female, what do you think is it nice to work in hotel industry?

Best
Good
Bad
Satisfactory

7. What kind flexibility is here in the Hotel for women?

Some extend
Average
 Good
Not yet all

8. In your opinion, what do you think opportunities and challenges both are equally faced
by the women in the hotel industry?
Yes
No
In average
Most often

9. What do you think women are also important part of this industry?
Yes
Surely
No
Not at all

10. In your opinion the status of women in hotel industry need to be upgraded or not?
Yes
No
Of course
Not at all