oo 446-1: FLANGES & cast iron is used for pipes of diameters 50 mm to 1500 mm, These pipes are used for water supply, sewage, ‘atc. Cast iron pipes of small dia to 1500 mm, These pipes ar meter are connected by a flange joint. turon Flange Joint : ‘A cast iron flange cast with the pipe is shown in Fig. 3.16. The flange faces are machined at right angles to the axis of the pipe to ensure a correct alignment of the pipes when joined together. The joint is achieved by connecting the flanges together by bolts and nuts. For preventing leakage through the joint, a packing of soft material such as rubber, canvas, etc. is interposed in between the flanges. Packing | Gasket Bolt head 7S ven Pipe- 1 — \ ¢ z Sy Fea Flange cast with pipe Fig. 3.16 : A flange cast with pipe Fig. 3.17 : Cast-iron flanged joint (with through gasket) +The flange is the second most used joining method after welding, 3.45 FLANGE TYPES + Whenever we require a detachable type of joint between any two components (e.g,, pipes) then they must be provided with flanges, with arrangement for bolting. ie. flanges are used when we need dismantling of components frequently + Therefore, heads, vessel shells, nozzles, and pipes are provided with flanges. The bolted flanged connections that are easily removable facilitate disassembly of different components. Flanges are used when joints require dismantling, A flanged joint consists of a pair of flanges, one each is attached to the components to be joined/connected. The flanges are held securely together by a series of bolts or studs. A gasket is inserted/piaced between the flange facings to have a leak-proof joint. As we go on tightening the nuts, the flanges come close to each other, the gasket gets compressed and this results in yielding of the gasket surface thus sealing the irregular surface of the flange faces and thereby giving a leak-proof joint. A great variety of types and sizes of flanges are available for various pressure services. Flanges are fabricated either by casting, forging or formed from plates. 3.15.1 Slip-on Flanges * This used extensively because of its greater ease of alignment in welding assembly and because of its low cost. It is used for moderate services. Slip-on flange has a hole/bore slightly larger than the pipe (0.0. of the pipe) so that it can slide over the pipe, The flange is placed on pipe and fillet welded from inside as well as from outside.org Ean 3.18 (A) : Slip-on flange Fig. 3.18 (B) : Slip-on flange welded to pip, Ne 3.15.2 Welded-neck Flanges + These flanges are having a long, tapered hub between the flange ring and the weld joint. The hub increases its strength pressure, and sub zero applications. This flange is butt welded with a pipe. Such flanges are used in high temper sty rature, (@) (0) (c) Welded neck flange welded to pipe Fig. 3.19 : Welded-neck flanges po aia 1+— Pipe 3.15.3 Hub Type Flanges i Fig. 3.20 : Hub type flange with stainless steel lining (for SS vessels) 3.15.4 Lap Type Flanges «Lap joint flanges are having two components - a stub and a loose backing flange. The stub is welded ‘© pipe while the flange slip or slides over the pipe and rotate around the stub, These flanges are used w"# frequent dismantling for cleaning and inspection is required and space is constrained/limited Stub ‘Stub tS ei ae 1 i i a iA Flange 1«—Flange t i }-—Pipe Fig. 3.21 : Lap joint flange 3.15.5 Screwed Flanges a et These flanges are quickly connected to a threaded pipe without welding, Threaded connection is suscep leakage under any type of cyclic operation Threaded/Screwed flange is h i ee ge is having threads inside the flange bore which fits on the pipe with mate a These are mostly used in utility services such as air and water.nent Design __Fipe sume S hel! / pipe Fig. 3.23 : Ring flange for non-pressure service kot