mi PROCESS COMPLETE REVISION F i Pr INDUSTRY fener PRACTICES Structural PIP STC01015 Structural Design CriteriaPURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major industrial users, contractors, of standards organizations. By hannonizing these technical requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users, individual applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and take precedence over this Practice. Determinations conceming fitness for purpose and particular matters or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering situations should not be ‘made solely on information contained in these materials. The use of trade names from time to time should not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather recognized as normal usage in the trade, Other brands having the same specifications are equally correct and may be substituted for those named. All Practices or guidelines are intended to be consistent with applicable laws and regulations including OSHA requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelines should conflict with OSHA or other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or regulations must be followed. Consult an appropriate professional before applying or acting on any material contained in or suggested by the Practice This Practice is subject to revision at any time. © Process Industry Practices (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 3925 West Braker Lane (R450), Austin, Texas 78759. PIP Member Companies and Subscribers may copy this Practice for their intemal use. Changes or modifications of any kind are not permitted within any PIP Practice without the express ‘written authorization of PIP. Authorized Users may attach addenda or overlays to clearly indicate modifications or exceptions to specific sections of PIP Practices. Authorized Users ‘may provide their clients, suppliers and contractors with copies of the Practice solely for Authorized Users’ purposes. These purposes include but are not limited to the procurement process (2.g.. as attachments to requests for quotation/ purchase orders or requests for proposals/contracts) and preparation and issue of design engineering deliverables for use ‘on a specific project by Authorized User's client PIP’s copyright notices must be clearly indicated and unequivocally incorporated in documents where an Authorized User desires to provide any third party with copies of the Practice. ‘PUBLISHING HISTORY sud Teciical Revision Exoal Reon Complete Revision Tecinical Correction Technical Correct Complete Revisor ‘Not ited with State fundsmi PROCESS COMPLETE REVISION wa Pr INDUSTRY fener PRACTICES Structural PIP STC01015 Structural Design Criteria Table of Contents 1. Scope 2. References... 2.1 Process Industry - 22 Industry Codes and Standards 2.3. Government Regulations. 24 Other References. 3. Definitions... 4, Requirements. 4.1 Design Loads... 42 Load Combinations 43° Structural Design 44. Existing Structures Process Industry Practices Page 1 of 50PIP STC01055 COMPLETE REVISION ‘Structural Design Criteria ‘April 2017 4. Scope This Practice describes the minimum requirements for the structural design of process industry facilities at onshore sites. This Practice is intended to be used in conjunction with PIP ARCO1O15, PIP ARCO1016, PIP CVCOIOI5, PIP CVCO1O17, and PIP CVCOLOIS, as applicable This Practice does not include design criteria for loads associated with transportation or lifting of modular structures. This Practice provides triple references to ASCE/SEI 7-10, IBC 2012, and IBC 2015. The applicable code/standard shall be as required by the authority having jurisdiction (AH) and as, specified in PIP CVCOI0I7. This Practice references U.S. codes and standards, but it can be applied globally. For projects in other countries, a thorough search of applicable codes and standards is required. Where more stringent than U.S. codes and standards, the local codes and standards shall govern. For projects in countries without applicable codes and standards, the U.S. codes and standards shall govern. 2. References Applicable parts of the following Practices, industry codes and standards, and references shall be considered an integral part of this Practice. The edition in effect on the date of contract award shall be used, except as otherwise noted. Short titles are used herein where appropriate. 2.41 Process Industry Practices (PIP) — PIP ARCOIOIS - Architectural and Building Utilities Design Criteria — PIP ARCO1016 - Building Data Sheet = PIP CVCO1015 - Civil Design Criteria ~ PIP CVCO1017 - Plant Site Data Sheet ~ PIP CVCOIO018 - Project Data Sheet — PIP PCCWEOO! - Meighing Systems Design Criteria — PIP PCEWEOO! - Weighing Systems Guidelines ~ PIP REIE686/API RP686 - Recommended Practice for Machinery Installation and Installation Design ~ PIP REIE686A - Recommended Practice for Machinery Installation and Installation Design (Supplement to PIP REIEOSO/API RP6S6) — PIP STCOLOIS - Blast Resistant Building Design Criteria — PIP STEQS121 - Application of ASCE Anchorage Design for Petrochemical Facilities — PIP STE03360 - Heat Exchanger and Hor nval Vessel Foundation Design Guide Process Industry Practices Page 2 of 50PIP STC01055 COMPLETE REVISION ‘Structural Design Criteria ‘April 2017 22 Industry Codes and Standards ‘+ American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) ~ AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges ‘* American Concrete Institute (ACI) — ACT318-11 - Building Code Requirements for Structural Conerete and Commentary — ACT318-14 - Building Code Requirements for Structural Conerete and Commentary — ACI3I8M-L1 - Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary (Metric) — ACT318M-14 - Building Code Requirements for Structural Conerete and Commentary (Metric) = ACI350 - Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures and Commentary = ACI350M - Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures and Commentary (Metric) — ACI376 - Code Requirements for Design and Construction of Concrete Structures ‘for the Containment of Refrigerated Liquefied Gases and Commentary = ACI376M - Code Requirements for Design and Construction of Concrete Structures for the Containment of Refrigerated Liquefied Gases and Commentary (Metric) ‘© American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) — AISC 341 - Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings — ANSIAISC 360 - Specification for Structural Stee! Buildings American Iron and Stee! Institute (AIST) — AISIS100 - North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members © American Petroleum Institute (APD) — API Standard 650 - Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage ‘* American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) ~ ASCEISEI 7-10 - Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures — ASCE/SEI37-14 - Design Loads on Structures during Construction ~ Design of Blast-Resistant Buildings in Petrochemical Facilities - Task Committee on Blast-Resistant Design of the Petrochemical Committee of the Energy Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010 ~ Guidelines for Seismic Evaluation and Design of Petrochemical Facilities - Task Committee on Seismic Evaluation and Design of the Petrochemical Committee of the Energy Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011 Process Industry Practices Page 3 of 50PIP STC01055 COMPLETE REVISION ‘Structural Design Criteria ‘April 2017 ~ Wind Loads for Petrochemical and Other Industrial Facilities - Task Committee on Wind-Induced Forces of the Petrochemical Committee of the Energy Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011 ‘+ American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) / Canadian Standards Association (CSA) ~ ASME A17.1/CSA B44 - Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators + ASTM Intemational (ASTM) — ASTM A36/A36M - Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel — ASTM A193/A193M - Standard Specification for Alloy-Stee! and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Spectal Purpose Applications — ASTM A307 - Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and Threaded Rod 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength — ASTMA354 - Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners — ASTM AS00/AS00M - Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes — ASTM AS72/A572M - Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadinm Structural Steel — ASTM AGIS/A615M - Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon- Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement — ASTM A706/A706M - Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement — ASTM A992/A992M - Standard Specification for Structural Steel Shapes — ASTM A1064/A1064M - Stanidard Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete — ASTMFI554 - Standard Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and 10S-ksi Yield Sirength ~ ASTM F3125/ASTM F3125M - Standard Specification for High Strength Structural Bolts, Steel and Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 120 ksi (830 MPa) and 150 ksi (1040 MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength, Inch and Merrie Dimensions + American Welding Society (AWS) — AWS DLUDLIM - Structural Welding Code - Steel ‘© American Wood Council (AWC) ~ ANSVAWC NDS - National Design Specification for Wood Construction — NDS Supplement - Design Values for Wood Construction ‘© Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA) — CMAA No. 70 - Specifications for Top Running Bridge and Gantry Type Multiple Girder Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes Process Industry Practices Page 4 of 50PIP STC01055 COMPLETE REVISION ‘Structural Design Criteria ‘April 2017 ~ CMAA No. 74 - Specifications for Top Running and Under Ruming Single Girder Electric Traveling Cranes Urilizing Under Runming Trolley Hoist International Code Couneil (TCC) — International Building Code (IBC) 2012 — Intemational Building Code (IBC) 2015 ‘+ National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) — NEPA 59A-01 - Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied ‘Natural Gas (LNG) — NEPA 59A-06 - Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) — NEPA 59A-13 - Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) ‘+ Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCD) — PCI MNL-120 - PCI Design Handbook ‘© Research Council on Structural Connections (CSC) — RCSC Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts ‘+ Steel Deck Institute (SDD, — SDIC1.0 - Standard for Composite Steel Floor Deck — SDINCLO - Standard for Non-Composite Steel Floor Deck = SDIRD1.0- Standard for Stee! Roof Deck ‘© Steel Joist Institute (S11) SILCJ - Standard Specification for Composite Steel Joists CJ-Sertes SILK - Standard Specification for Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series SI-LWDLH - Standard Specification for Long Span Joists, LH-Sertes and Deep Long Span Joists, DLH-Sevies SILIG - Standard Specification for Joist Girders The Masonry Society (TMS) / American Concrete Institute (ACD / Structural Engineering Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers (SEVASCE) — TMS 402/ACI $30/ASCE 5 - Code Requirements for Masonry Structures Process Industry Practices Page 5 of 50PIP STC01055 COMPLETE REVISION ‘Structural Design Criteria ‘April 2017 2.3 Government Regulations Federal Standards and Instructions of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), including any additional requirements by state or local agencies that have {jurisdiction in the state where the project is to be constructed, shall apply. ‘US. Department of Labor (DOL), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) — OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D - alking-Working Swsfaces — OSHA 29 CFR 1926 - Safety and Health Regulations for Construction ‘© US Department of Transportation (DOT), Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) ~ PHMSA 49 CFR 193 - Liquefied Natural Gas Facilities: Federal Safety Standards 24 — Other References Naqvi, D., Wey, E., and O'Rourke, M., Siow Loads on } Structures Congress 2012: pp. 1452-1462. ‘Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Draft Seismic Design Guidelines and Data Submittal Requirements for LNG Facilities, January 23, 2007 fon-Building Structures, 3.__Definitions authority having jurisdiction (AH): A person who has the delegated authority to determine mandate, and enforce code requirements established by jurisdictional governing bodies. engineer of record: Purchaset’s authorized representative with overall authority and responsibility for engineering design, quality, and performance of civil works, structures, foundations, materials. and appurtenances described in contract documents. Engineer of record shall be licensed as defined by laws of the locality in which the work is to be constructed, and be qualified to practice in the specialty discipline required for the work described in contract, documents environmental engineering concrete structures: Concrete structures intended for conveying, storing, or treating water, wastewater, or other liquids and non-hazardous materials such as solid waste, and for secondary containment of hazardous liquids or solid waste. owner: Party who has authority through ownership, lease, or other legal agreement over the buildings, structures ond foundations to be designed. Process Industry Practices Page 6 of 50PIP STC01055 COMPLETE REVISION ‘Structural Design Criteria ‘April 2017 4, Requirements 4.1 Design Loads 4.4.1 General 4.1.1.1 New facilities, buildings, and other structures, including floor slabs and foundations, shall be designed to resist the minimum loads defined in ASCE/SEI 7-10, IBC 2013, ot IBC 2015 as applicable, local building codes, this section and the loads defined in PIP CVC01017 and CVCO1OI8. 4.1.1.2 In addition to the loads in this section, other loads shall be considered as appropriate. These loads shall include, but are not limited to ice, rain, hydrostatic, dynamic, upset conditions, earth pressure, vehicles, buoyancy, and erection, 4.1.13 Loads associated with transportation and lifting of modular structures shall also be considered as appropriate. 4.1.1.4 Future loads shall be considered if specified by the owner 4.1.1.5 For existing facilities, actual loads may be used in lieu of the minimum, specified loads. 4.1.1.6 Eccentric loads (e.g., piping, platforms), particularly on horizontal and vertical vessels and exchangers, shall be considered. For additional information regarding eccentric loads on horizontal vessels and exchangers, see PIP STE03360. 4.4.4.7 Risk Categories 1. The owner, AHJ, and project process engineers shall be consulted as applicable to determine the assignment of Risk Categories for buildings and other structures for the purpose of applying wind, earthquake, snow, and ice load provisions in accordance with ASCE'SEI 7-10, Section 1.5; IBC 2012, Section 1604.5; ot IBC 2015, Section 1604.5 as applicable. Comment: For process industry facilities, Risk Category TIL is the most likely classification because of the presence of toxic, highly toxic, or explosive substances. In some cases, it may be appropriate to select Risk Category IV. Risk Category I may be used if the owner can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the AHJ by a hazard assessment that a release of the toxic, highly toxic, or explosive substances is not sufficient to pose a threat to the public. See ASCEVSEI 7-10, Section 1.5.3 and Table 1.5-1: and ‘ASCE/SEI 7-10, Commentary for Chapter 1; for specific details. 2. Risk Categories for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) facilities shall be in accordance with NFP 3, Sections 5.4.1 and 5.4.2, as applicable. Process Industry Practices Page 7 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 Comment: PHMSA 49CFRI93, aud NFPA 594-01 aud NFPA 594- 06, which are referenced by PHMSA 49CFRI93, do not specifically mention Risk Categories (or Occupancy Categories) in their requirements. NFP 394-13 uses the term Occupancy Category which is considered to be equivalent to the term Risk Category used by ASCE/SEI 7-10. See Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Draft Seismic Design Guidelines and Dara Submittal Requirements for LNG Facilities for additional idance on Risk Categories (Occupancy Categories) in conjunction with seismic (earthquake) loads for LNG facilities. 4.4.2 Dead Loads (D) 4.1.2.1 Dead loads are the actual weight of materials forming the building, structure, foundation, and all permanently attached appurtenances (e.g. lighting, instrumentation, HVAC, sprinkler and deluge systems, fireproofing, insulation), 4.1.2.2. Weights of fixed process equipment and machinery, piping, valves, electrical cable trays, and the contents of these items shall also be considered as dead Loads. Process Industry Practices 4.1.2.3 For this Practice, dead loads are designated by the following nomenclature! Ds, Ds, Ds, Ds, and Ds, where: D= D: Ds the Structure dead load is the weight of materials formi structure (Le.. not the empty weight of process equipment, vessels, tanks, piping, nor cable trays), foundation, soil above the foundation resisting uplift, and all permanently attached appurtenances (e.g., lighting, instrumentation, HVAC, sprinkler and deluge systems, fireproofing, and insulation, etc.) Erection dead load is the fabricated weight of process equipment or vessels, See Section 4.1.2.4 for further definition. Enipty dead load is the empty weight of process equipment, vessels, tanks. piping, and cable trays. See Sections 4.1.2.4 through 4.1.2.7 for further definition. Operating dead load is the empty weight of process equipment, vessels, tanks. piping, and cable trays (De) pins the maximum weight of contents during normal operation, See Sections 4.1.2.4 through 4.1.2.8 for further definition. Test dead load is the empty weight of process equipment, vessels, tanks, and/or piping (D.) plus the weight of the test ‘medium contained in the system, See Section 4.1.2.4 for further definition. Page 6 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 4.1.2.4 Process Equipment and Vessel Dead Loads 1, Erection dead load (Dj) for process equipment and vessels is normally the fabricated weight of the equipment or vessel and is generally taken from the certified equipment or vessel drawing. Empty dead load (D.) for process equipment and vessels is the empty weight of the equipment or vessels, including all attachments, trays, internals, insulation, fireproofing, agitators, piping. ladders, platforms, etc. Empty dead load also includes weight of machinery (e.g., pumps, compressors, turbines, and packaged units) 3. Operating dead load (D.) for process equipment and vessels is the empty dead load (D.) plus the maximum weight of contents (including packing/catalyst) during normal operation, 4. Test dead load (Dp for process equipment and vessels is the empty dead load (D.) plus the weight of test medium contained in the system, The test medium shall be as specified in the contract documents or as specified by the owner. Unless otherwise specified, a minimum specific gravity of 1.0 shall be used for the test medium, Equipment and pipes that may be simultaneously tested shall be included. Cleaning load shall be used for test dead load if the cleaning fluid is heavier than the test meditm. 4.1.2.5 Equipment/Platform Structure Dead Loads Process Industry Practices 1. In addition to primary dead loads for the structural steel. fireproofing, ‘major equipment and large bore piping, dead loads on equipment platform structures shall be included to account for grating, checkered plate, concrete decking, guard systems, ladders and cages, small equipment, piping, electrical conduits, lighting and other miscellaneous items. 2. Unless more determinate load information is available and requires otherwise, dead loads for the following items shall be estimated as follows: a. Uniformly distributed loads for grating, checkered plate, and concrete decking (Ds): (1) Grating: 9.1 psf (0.44 N/m) for 1-1/4 inches x 3/16 inch (32 mm x 5 mm) plain grating (2) Checkered Plate: 11.25 psf (0.54 KN/un?) for 1/4 inch (6 mm) checkered plate (3) Conerete Deck: based upon deck manufacturer's tables ', Guard systems and ladders and cages (D.): (1) Angle Guard Systems with Toe Plate: 15 Ibs/ft (0.22 guard length (2x 2%x%), (2) Pipe Guard Systems with Toe Plate: 11 Ibsift (0.16 KN/m) of ‘guard length for pipe guard (NPS 1 % STD of HSS 1.900 x 0.145) Nim) of Page 9 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria Process Industry Practices COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 (2) Ladders with Cages: 30 Ibs/ft (0.44 kN/m) of ladder length (3) Ladders without Cages: 11 Ibs/ft (0.16 kN/m) of ladder length c. Empty dead load (D,) for small equipment, piping, electrical conduits, lighting and other miscellaneous items: For checking uplift and components controlled by mininmam loading, a uniformly distributed load of O psf (0 kN/m’) to 20 psf (1.0 N/m?) as determined by engineering judgment for load combinations that include wind load or earthquake load 4, Operating dead load (Dz) for small equipment, piping, electrical conduits, lighting and other miscellaneous items: ‘A uniformly distributed load of 10 psf (0.5 KN/m) to 30 psf (1.5 AN/m?) as determined by engineering judgment 4.1.2.6 Pipe Rack Piping Loads 1 Unless more determinate load information is available and requires otherwise, dead loads for piping on pipe racks shall be estimated as follows: a, Operating dead load (D.): A uniformly distributed load of 20 pst (1.0 kN/m?) to 60 psf (3.0 kN/m) as determined by engineering judgment for piping. product, valves, fittings, and insulation based on the average size of piping on each level Comment: A uniformly distributed load of 40 psf (2.0 N/m’) is equivalent 'o NPS § (DN 200) STD pipes, full of ‘water, at 15-inch (375-mm) spacing. , Empty dead load (D.): For checking uplift and components controlled by minimum loading, 40% to 60% of the estimated operating dead load (D.) shall be used as determined by engineering judgment for load combinations that include wind load or earthquake load. Empty dead load shall not be included for unutilized portions of piping levels. . Test dead load (D,) is the empty weight of the pipe (D.) plus the ‘weight of test medium contained in a set of simultaneously tested piping systems. The test medium shall be as specified in the contract documents or as specified by the owner. Unless otherwise specified, a mininmum specific gravity of 1.0 shall be used for the test medium, For any pipe at least two sizes larger than the average pipe size on the piping level being considered, an additional uniform or concemtrated load, including the weight of piping, product, valves, fittings, and insulation shall be used for dead load not incinded in the regular uniformly distributed piping loads specified in Section 4.1.2.6.L.a ‘The normal operating weight of vapor and flare pipes, pipes with commodities significantly lighter than water, and NPS 20 (DNS00) and larger pipes shall be considered separately. Page 10 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria Process Industry Practices COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 Comment: The loads for these piping systems can be significantly different than loads determined for other piping and can significantly affect the design of the pipe rack, especially for load combinations that include wind load or earthquake load ‘When applying dead loads for piping, consideration shall be given to unsymmetrical loading of the piping levels that can impact the ‘minimum and maxinmm controlling cases for elements of the pipe rack and foundations. Pipe racks and their foundations shall be designed to support loads associated with full utilization of the available space on piping levels for operating load combinations. Pipe racks and their foundations shall be designed to support any specified furure piping level expansion, 4.1.2.7 Pipe Rack Cable Tray Loads Unless more determinate load information is available and requires otherwise, dead loads for cable trays on pipe racks shall be estimated as follows: a. Operating dead load (Dp): A uniformly distributed dead load of 20 psf (1.0 KN/n) to 40 psf (2.0 kN/m¥) per level of cable trays as determined by engineering judgment based on the weight of the trays, the types of cables supported in the trays and the weight of those cables loaded to the full (ie., maximum) capacity that can be placed in the trays considering electrical code spacing requirements for the cables, , Empty dead load (D,): For checking uplift and components controlled by minimum loading, a reduced level of cable tray load that considers how full the trays may actually be loaded shail be considered as the empty dead load for load combinations that include wind load or earthquake load. The tray load for the empty condition is often significantly less than the fall cable tray condition. Empty dead load shall not be included for umutilized portions of cable tray levels. ‘When applying dead loads for cable trays, consideration shall be given to unsymmetrical loading of the cable tray levels that can ‘impact the minimum and maximum controlling cases for elements of the pipe rack and foundations. Pipe racks and their foundations shall be designed to support loads associated with full utilization of the available space on cable tray levels for operating load combinations. Pipe racks and their foundations shall be designed to support any specified furure cable tray level expansion. Page 11 of 50PIP STC01055 COMPLETE REVISION ‘Structural Design Criteria ‘April 2017 4.1.2.8 Ground-Supported Storage Tank Loads 1, Dead loads for ground-supported storage tanks are shown in Table 12 with the same nomenclature as other dead loads in this Practice for consistency. 2. The individual load components making up the dead loads may have to be separated for actual use in design in accordance with the following considerations: a. Operating dead load (Do): Operating dead load consists of the weight of the tank shell, roof, insulation, platforms, piping, and attachments vertically applied through the tank shell, in addition to the fluid load from the stored product. The fluid load shall be applied directly to the floor of the tank rather than through the shell. b, Empty dead load (D.): Empty dead load consists of the weight of the tank shell, roof. insulation, platforms, piping. and attachments vertically applied through the tank shell only. For checking uplift and components controlled by minimum loading, the corroded ‘metal weight, if a corrosion allowance is specified, shall be considered for empty dead load. ¢. Test dead load (D.): Test dead load consists of the weight of the tank shell, roof, insulation, platforms, piping, and attachments vertically applied through the tank shell, in addition to the fluid load from the test medium. The fluid load shall be applied directly to the floor of the tank rather than through the shell. The test ‘medium shall be as specified in the contract documents or as specified by the owner. Unless otherwise specified, a minimum specific gravity of 1.0 shall be used for the test medium, 4.1.3 Live Loads (L) and Roof Live Loads (L;) 4.1.3.1 Live loads are loads produced by the use and occupancy of the building or structure, These include the weight of all movable loads (2.2 personnel, tools, miscellaneous equipment, movable partitions, wheel loads, parts of dismantled equipment, stored material). 4.1.3.2 Areas specified for maintenance (e.g., heat exchanger tube bundle servicing) shall be designed to support the live loads. Process Industry Practices Page 12 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria Process Industry Practices 4133 4134 4135 4136 413.7 4138 COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 Unless otherwise specified in Table 1, minimum live loads (L) and roof live loads (L,) shall be in accordance with 4SCE/SEI 7-10, Chapter 4; IBC 2012, Section 1607; or IBC 2015, Section 1607 as applicable, and other applicable codes and standards, Table 1 - Minimum Live Loads Uniform Concentrated Stairs and Exitways | 100 psf (4.79 kNim?) | 4,000 Ib (4.45 kN) (Operating, Access 660 pst (2.87 kNim?) | 1,000 ib (4.48 KN) Piatforms, and (Framing Design) (Framing ang Walkways: Grating Design) 100 pst (4.79 Nim?) (Grating Design) Contr, UO, 100 pst (4.79kNIm') | 1,000 ib (4.45 KN) HVAC Room Floors Manufacturing Floors and Storage Areas: ght 125 pst (6.00 Nim?) | 2,000 tb (8.80 kN) Heavy 250 pst (11.97 kNim?)_ | 3,000 Ib (13.40 KN) (ote 2) Ground-Supported 20 pst (0.96 kNim?) NA Storage Tank Root NOTES: 1. Minimum live loads shown in bold text are based on ASCE/SE! 7-10, Chapter 4; IBC 2012, Section 1607; or IBC 2015, Section 1607 as applicable. 2. This live load includes small equipment. Uniform and concentrated live loads listed in Table 1 shall not be applied simultaneously. Use of either uniform or concentrated live loads shall be ‘based on whichever produces the greatest load effect. Unless otherwise specified, concentrated loads shall be assumed to be ‘uniformly distributed over an area of 2.5 ft (762 mm) by 2.5 fi (762 mm) and shall be located so as to produce the maximum load effects in the structural members in accordance with 4SCESEI 7-10, Chapter 4; IBC 2012, Section 1607.4; of IBC 2015, Section 1607.4 as applicable. Reduction in uniform live loads shall be in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7- 10, Sections 4.7 and 4.8; IBC 2012, Section 1607.10; or IBC 2 Section 1607.10 as applicable For manufacturing floor areas not used for storage, the uniform live load reduction specified by ASCE/SEI 7-10, IBC 2012, or IBC 2015 as applicable for lower live loads may be used Live loads for stairs and stair treads shall be in accordance with, ASCE/SEI 7-10, Table 4-1; IBC 2012, Table 1607.1; ot IBC 2015, Table 1607.1 as applicable. Page 19 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria AAA COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 4.1.3.9 Live loads on fixed ladders shall be in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7-10, Section 4.5.4 1.3.10 Live loads on handrail and guard systems for process equipment structures shall be in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7-10, Section 4.5.1; IBC 2012, Section 1607.8.1; or IBC 2015, Section 1607.8.1 a5 applicable and OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D. 4.1.3.1 Live loads on handrail and guard systems for buildings and structures under the jurisdiction of a building code shall be in accordance with the applicable building code 4.1.3.12 Live loads for cranes shall be in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7-10, Section 4.9: IBC 2012, Section 1607.13: or IBC 2015, Section 1607.13 as applicable. Wind Loads (W) 4.1.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, wind loads shall be computed and applied in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7-10, Chapters 26 through 30; IBC 2012, Section 1609; or IBC 2015, Section 1609 as applicable, and the recommended guidelines in ASCE Wind Loads for Petrochemical and Other Industrial Facilities. Comment: Wind loads in accordance with ASCE/SET 7-10, IBC 2012, and IBC 20/5 are strength design (i.e., limit state) loads: whereas, wind loads in accordance with versions previous 10 ASCE/SEI 7-10 and IBC 2012 and in some codes/standards refereaced by ASCE/SEI 7-10, IBC 2012, and IBC 2015 are allowable stress design loads. This should be taken into account when applying load factors in load combinations. 4.1.4.2 Wind loads for design of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) facilites shall also be in accordance with PHMS4 49 CFR 193.2067 and NFPA 594 as applicable. Comment: ‘The design wind speed of 150 mpl (241 km/h) specified in PHMSA 49 CFR 193.2067 is a sustained, 60-second wind speed. This translates to a 183 mph (295 km/h) 3-second gust wind speed for use with ASCE/SEI 7-10, IBC 2012, or IBC 2015 as applicable. There are different interpretations within the industry as to whether the design wind speed specified in PMSA 49 CFR 193.2067 is to be considered as an allowable stress design level or strength design level wind speed. If it is considered as an allowable stress design level wind speed, the load factors for wind should be multiplied by a factor of (1.0/0.6) for allowable stress design load combinations and a factor of (1.6/1.0) for strength design load combinations prescribed in ASCE/SET 7-10, IBC 2012. or JBC 2015 as applicable, and this Practice. [fit is considered as a strength design level wind speed, the load factors for wind should remain as is for allowable stress design load combinations and strength design load combinations prescribed in ASCE/SEI 7-10, IBC 2012, or Process Industry Practices Page 14 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria 4143 414d 44a 4146 COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 IBC 2015 as applicable, and this Practice. See ASCE Wind Loads for Petrochemical and Other Industrial Facilities for additional information. Site specific design parameters shall be in accordance with PIP CVCOI017. For calculating wind drift the full design wind load shall be used . See Section 4.3.6. Partial Wind Load (W,) 1. Partial wind load (We) shall be based on the requirements of ASCE/SEI 37-14, Section 6.2.1, for the specified test or erection duration. The design wind speed shall be 86.3 mph (38.3 m/s) which is calculated based on a 0.75 factor times the basic wind speed of L15 ‘mph (51 m/s) from ASCE/SET 7-10 in accordance with 4SCE/SEI 37- 14 for test or erection periods of less than 6 weeks. For test or erection periods of 6 weeks or more, or if the test or erection is in a hurricane-prone area and is planned during the peak dnurricane season (i... from July I to October 31 in the U.S.), see ASCE (SEI 37-14, Section 6.2.1, to determine the appropriate design ‘wind speed to be used 3. For continously monitored work periods, lower wind speeds may be used in accordance with ASCE/SEI 37-14, Section 6.2.1.2 ‘Non-orthogonal wind loads shall be considered where appropriate and required by ASCE/SEI 7-10, IBC 2012, or IBC 2015 as applicable. For open structures, see ASCE Wind Loads for Petrochemical and Other Industrial Facilities. 4.4.5. Earthquake Loads (E) Process Industry Practices Isl 4432 Unless otherwise specified, earthquake loads shall be computed and applied in accordance with 4SCE/SEI 7-10, Chapters 11 through 23; JBC 2012, Section 1613: or 1BC 2015, Section 1613 as applicable, and the recommended guidelines in ASCE Guidelines for Seismic Evaluation and Design of Petrochemical Facilities. Comment: Earthquake loads in ASCE/SEI 7-10, IBC 2012, and IBC 2015 are strength design (Limit state) loads; whereas, earthquake loads in some codes/standards referenced by ASCE/SEI 7-10, IBC 2012, and IBC 2015 are allowable stress design loads. This should be taken into account when applying load factors in load combinations, Earthquake loads for design of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) facilities shall also be in accordance with PHIMS4 49 CFR Part 193 and NFPA 594 as applicable. Comment: See Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Draft Seismic Design Guidelines amd Data Submittal Requirements for LNG Facilities for guidance on seismic (ie., earthquake) loads for LNG facilities. Page 15 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria 416 AAT Process Industry Practices COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 4.1.53 Site specific design parameters shall be in accordance with PIP CVCOIOI7. 4.1.5.4 Earthquake loading for nonbuilding structures shall be determined using ASCE/SEI 7-10, Chapter 15, and the recommended guidelines in ASCE Guidelines for Seismic Evaluation and Design of Petrochemical Facilities. Comment: Nonbuilding structures inctude but are not limited to elevated tanks or vessels, stacks, pipe racks, and cooling towers. 4.1.5.5 The importance factor “I.” for nonbuilding structures shall be determined using ASCE/SEI 7-10, Section 13.4.1. 4.1.5.6 For the load combinations in Section 4.2, the following designations are used: E, = Earthquake load considering the unfactored operating dead load and. the applicable portion of the unfactored structure dead load E, = Earthquake load considering the unfactored empty dead load and the applicable portion of the unfactored structure dead load 4.1.5.7 Non-orthogonal earthquake loads shall be considered where appropriate and required by ASCE/SET 7-10, IBC 2012, ot IBC 2015 as applicable. Impact Loads 4.1.6.1 Vertical impact loads for cranes shall be in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7- 10, Section 4.9.3: IBC 2012, Section 1607.13.2; of IBC 2015, Section 1607.13.2 a8 applicable, 4.1.62 Impact loads for davits shall be the same as those for powered, monorail cranes. 4.1.63 Lifting lugs or pad eyes and internal members, including both end connections, framing into the joint where the lifting Ing or pad eye is located shall be designed for 100% impact. 4.1.64 All other structaral members transmitting lifting forces shall be designed for 15% impact. 4.1.6.5 Allowable stresses shall not be increased when combining impact with dead load. Thermal / Self-Straining Loads 4.1.7.1 Thermal (and/or self-straining) loads shall be designated as either sustained (T.) or temporary (T.) 4.1.7.2. Sustained thermal (and/or self-straining) loads (T.) include: a, Pipe anchor and guide forces caused by restrained dimensional changes caused by thermal expansion or contraction of piping under normal operating conditions (e.g.. loads from a pipe stress analysis. Page 16 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria Process Industry Practices 4173 4474 47s COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 b. Restrained dimensional changes caused by thermal expansion or contraction of vertical vessels, horizontal vessels, or heat exchangers under normal operating conditions ¢. Forces on vertical vessels, horizontal vessels, or heat exchangers caused by restrained dimensional changes caused by thermal expansion or contraction of piping attached to the vessel or exchanger under normal operating conditions d, Restrained dimensional changes caused by thermal expansion or contraction of structural steel members in pipe racks or structures caused by sustained change in ambient temperature. . Restrained dimensional changes in concrete caused by moisture, shrinkage, creep, and similar effects. £. Differential settlement of foundations, ‘Temporary thermal (and/or self-straining) loads (Ti) include’ a, Friction forces caused by the sliding of pipes on their supports caused by thermal expansion or contraction during startup or shutdown of piping systems. », Friction forces caused by the sliding of heat exchangers or horizontal vessels on their supports, caused by thermal expansion or contraction during startup or shutdown of equipment. ¢. Thermal loads and displacements caused by differential temperatures between steel on one side of a structure exposed to sunlight and steel con the other side of the structure that is shaded. Thermal loads and displacements shall be calculated as follows: a. Loads and displacements shall be based on the difference between ambient temperature or equipment design temperature and installed temperature. b, Ambient temperature shall be taken as the minimum ambient Temperature or maximum ambient temperature as applicable to account for controlling effects of contraction or expansion c. To account for the significant increase in temperatures of steel exposed to sunlight, an additional 35° F (20° C) minimum shall be added to the maximum ambient temperature or as otherwise determined by engineering judgement. ‘The thermal (and/or self-straining) load caused by thermal expansion or contraction of horizontal vessels or exchangers (T, or T,) to be used for design of vessel or exchanger supports or foundations shall be the lesser of the following: a. The force required to deflect the support or foundation pier an amount equal to half of the thermal growth between the exchanger or vessel saddles, applied as a sustained load (T) Page 17 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria Process Industry Practices 41.76 477 4178 41.79 COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 b. The force required to overcome static friction at the sliding surface between the bottom of the exchanger or vessel saddle and the support cr foundation pier at the sliding end of the exchanger or vessel, applied as a temporary load (T,) Friction forces caused by thermal expansion or contraction shall be determined using the appropriate static coefficient of friction Coefficients of friction shall be in accordance with Table 2. Table 2 - Coefficients of Friction Steel to Steet oa ‘Sieel to Concrete O8 Proprietary Sliding Surfaces or | According to Manufacturers ‘Coatings (a.g., Teton’) Instructions Because of uneven thermal strain in pipes at any given time, friction forces of individual pipes shall be assumed to be partially resisted by adjacent pipes on the same piping level. The noniinal unbalanced friction load acting in the longitudinal direction on the piping level can be estimated as a percentage of the total pipe weight tributary to that piping level according to the number of pipes on the piping level as shown in Table 3 Table 3 - Friction Load Based on Number of, ‘Number of Pipes on Friction Load as Piping Level of Total 1 Zor 4106 >6 ‘The friction loads from pipes specified in Section 4.1.7.7 above are to be used for local member design only. Unless a higher load is justified, 50% of the total specified local friction loads shall be considered for global design of the pipe support system (i., pipe rack struts, columns, longitudinal braced frames, and foundations). Comment: Under normal loading conditions with multiple pipes torsional effects on the local beam need not be considered because the pipes supported by the beam limit the rotation of the beam to the extent that the torsional stresses are minimal. Under certain circumstances (e.g., large pipes), a higher friction load and/or torsional effects should be considered, Consideration shall be given to circumstances where heavier pipes acting alone produce a larger friction load than the group of pipes associated ‘with the heavy pipe on the same piping level. This can occur when considering 40% of the heavy pipe versus 10% of the uniformly distributed dead load of the piping on the piping level. These different friction loads can lead to different governing factors (e.g., one governing ‘weak axis bending, and another weak axis shear) Page 18 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria 4A 449 Process Industry Practices COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 4.1.7.10 Loading conditions can arise where the reduced percentage for friction Joads for a group of pipes might be unconservative and should not be used (e.g.. near expansion loops where all pipes are likely to be moving in the same direction at the same time). Engineering judgment shall be used in considering such circumstances in determining the appropriate friction loads to use for the design of the support. 4.1.7.1 Internal pressure and surge shall be considered for pipe anchor and guide loads. 4.1.7.12 The pipe support system (ie., pipe rack struts, columns, longitudinal braced frames, and foundations) shall be designed to resist al tributary pipe anchor and guide loads without a reduction factor as permitted for friction loads, 4.1.7.13 For local beam design, only the top flange shall be considered effective for resisting horizontal loads unless the pipe anchor engages both flanges of the beam. Bundle Pull Load (Bp) 4.1.8.1 Structures and foundations supporting heat exchangers subject to bundle pulling shall be designed for a horizontal load equal to 1.0 times the ‘weight of the removable tube bundle but not less than 2,000 Ib (9.0 kN). If the total weight of the exchanger is less than 2,000 Ib (9.0 KN), the bundle pull design load need not be greater than the total weight of the exchanger 4.1.8.2 Bundle pull load shall be applied at the center of the bundle. Comment: Tit can be assured that the bundles are to be removed strictly by the use of a bundle extractor attached directly t0 the exchanger (ie, the bundle pull force is not transferred to the structure or foundation), the structure or foundation need not be designed for the bundle pull force. Such assurance typically requires the addition of a sign posted on the exchanger to indicate bundle removal by an extractor only. 4.1.8.3 The portion of the bundle pull load at the sliding end support shall equal the friction force or half the toral bundle pull load, whichever is less. The remainder of the bundle pull load shall be resisted at the anchor end support. Traffic Loads 4.1.9.1 Building floors, bridges, trenches, and underground installations accessible to truck loading shall be designed to withstand HS20 load as defined by AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges as a ‘minimum or more severe traffic loads where applicable 4.1.9.2 Forklift, maintenance, or construction crane loads shall also be considered where applicable 4.1.9.3 Truck or crane loads shall have the same load factor as live load Page 19 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria 4.4.10 AAA AAN2 COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 Blast Load 4.1.10.1 Blast load is the load on a structure caused by overpressure resulting from the ignition and explosion of flammable material or by overpressure resulting from a vessel burst. 4.1.10.2 Control houses or other buildings housing personnel and control equipment near processing plants may need to be designed for blast resistance. 4.1.10. Blast load shall be computed and applied in accordance with PIP STCO1018 and the ASCE Design of Blast-Resistant Buildings in Petrochemical Facilities. Pressure Loads (Ground-Supported Tanks Only) Pressure loads for ground-supported tanks are designated by the following nomenclature’ Pi, Pe, and Py, where: design internal pressure extemal pressure test internal pressure ‘Snow Loads (S) 41120 inless otherwise specified, snow loads shall be computed and applied in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7-10, Chapter 7; IBC 2012, Section 1608; 0 IBC 2015, Section 1608 as applicable, and the recommended guidelines in Snow Loads on Non-Building Structures 4.1.12.2 Site specific design parameters shall be in accordance with PIP CVCOIO17. 4.2 Load Combinations 424 Process Industry Practices General Buildings, structures, and supports and foundations for equipment, vessels, and tanks, shall be designed for all of the following: a. Appropriate load combinations in accordance with ASCE/SEY 7-10, Chapter 2; IBC 2012, Section 1605; or IBC 2015, Section 1605 as applicable b, Load combinations specified in this Practice adapted from ASCE/SET 7-10, Chapter 2; 1BC 2012, Section 1605; ot IBC 2015, Section 1605 as applicable, and API Standard 650 for process industries application c. Local building codes mandated by the AHJ of the facility 4, Any other applicable design codes and standards mandated by the AHI of the facility ©. Other loads and load combinations specified by the engineer of record Page 20 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 4.2.2. Typical Load Combinations (for Buildings, Structures and Foundations) 4.22.1 General Process Industry Practices 1 Load combinations are provided in Sections 4.2.2.2 through 4.2.2.6 for specific types of buildings, structures and foundations in both allowable stress design and strength design format. Allowable Stress Design a, The noncomprehensive list of typical load combinations for each type of structure provided in Sections 4.2.2.2 through 4.2.2.6 shall be considered and used as applicable. ’, Engineering judgment shall be used in establishing all appropriate oad combinations. ¢. The allowable stress design load combinations in Sections 4.2.2.2 through 4.2.2.6 are appropriate for use with the allowable strength design (ASD) provisions of ANSI/AISC 360, 4, The use of a one-third stress inerease for load combinations including wind or earthquake loads shall not be permitted for designs using ASD provisions of ANSI/AISC 360. e. Sustained and temporary thermal (and/or self-straining) loads (Ts and T,) ate included and factored in load combinations based on ASCE/SEI 7-10, Commentary Section C2.4.4. Temporary thermal (and/or self-straining) loads (T,) are not included in load combinations that include wind or earthquake loads. Strength Design a, The noncomprehensive list of typical factored load combinations, for each type of structure provided in Sections 4.2.2.2 through 4.2.2.6 shall be considered and used as applicable. », Engineering judgment shall be used in establishing all appropriate load combinations. ¢. The strength design load combinations in Sections 4.2.2.2 through 4.2.2.6 are appropriate for use with strength design provisions of ACT 318 / ACI 318M and load and resistance factor design (LRFD) provisions of ANSV/AISC 360, d. Sustained and temporary thermal (and/or self-straining) loads (T. and T}) are included and factored in load combinations based on ASCE/SEI 7-10, Commentary Section C2.3.5. Temporary thermal (and/or self-straining) loads (T.) are not included in load combinations that include wind or earthquake loads. Page 21 of 50prestcowss ‘Sructural Design Cea 4.222 Buildings and Open Frame Structures ‘Load combisatons for buildings and open fame structures are shown i the folowing tables: a, For Allowable Stress Design, Table bs, For Suongth Design, Table S ‘Table 4 - Buildings and Open Frame Structures ‘Allowable Stress Design Load Combinations, COMPLETE REVISION ‘er 2017 380877, me Bernier | cereal tone Bultngs and open Fame tucturee ‘ecaos, | Goninon | STEN | a re ee SoaDiaton rent Comb. No. a = at Open WaRht= Sshed Tal BT sunsets C58 tr Betoon Sener : a ane ‘Opering aght + Sutared Tarral © 7 7 ee Temporary Thermal ia ocean Teal Weg «SstaneTema> 7 —— ‘Temporary Thermal wa Ds DoeTek Opwang Weight Sistine Thermal +e 2 on 422 O.-08+THt Tesi Woh + Ssaned Tema «he ar Dex Dee Te+ (Lor orR®) Operating Wea Suaned Thema = 2 | owerserm atin cin 132 | oeopeteeorsormy eee Seenes em D057. O787 Ota Weght = Sustained Tema Tonga : prom. | | oct rm Fe a T” onwasem [a B= DPT 078 = Test Wegh SusianedTemat «Tenor, efi varsurasore Trem ines feltnet row erat sas Dr+Dye T+ 08H Opening Wet» Sustained Tea Wie s | oewewoore | asa Disdse Tear Opsang West Silane Themal + Eattaake 488 Or T? 08s Test Wer + Ssanea Therma + Fara wind Process Industy Pracicos Page 220750prestcowss COMPLETE REVISION ‘Sructural Design Cea Sia Table 4 Buildings and Open Frame Structures ‘Allowatle tess Desun Load Combinations (continued) asce 70, i ieroiier ene Bulcngs and Open Fame sisctures edn Taczo1s, | Load Gominaion | STEOTON | ee re ee SoaDean Deseo Comb, No. = + | @rbstis076L+a7s—em)> | Opera Weige > Sunaned hema sue > prarstrors(ewny> ‘ors tensor) “Hts (oar ve! or Snow of un) ta GieteersaR) [> Poreaesre- 076.0078 06Wa> | TeatWegh Ssined Thema «Lie dieieeeserms Fale tear Seo Ra we | BrOELOIEOTE= | gq] Dv OveTs O71 016(07E)> | Opertng Weg «Sstaned Thermal + Lie» ones ais Eins” Stow an 06 (01+ 0+ 100 96m Ey Ween Sune Tet” = Ws 7 — Operating Sustained Thermal? + Wing 7 aa ing Weg = Suianed Tema ual 9.6(0s+ De) hued (Sustained Thermal and Wind Uplift Case) : Erp) wegtsSusnea Tat + Earnie a ou (oe oy Tea os anal 8 06D +07E — i C358) 132 aaecayeresaren | OPeaig Wet Sutanec Temas Eaieaieh isistdne eat ane Eaters pe Ce) noTES 2 ead compte 19.42.2432, 442,489,682 romayweraqid ny fra manta dng Bsns hyaxing nt aly perlormed on af ppes ad equprentsutanecusly. b, Forloadcombinaons 413 22,432, 4245.9, ad 4682, onl Te loads expected dug hysotstng period shal be coniere, © Forload combinations 413 and 4-42, ony Tiloads expected cringhyotesthg pred shall be considered 4. an dort pp topen tame srctre ih 0 ft For loa comoinaors 4324-42, and 44a 2, oe oa, sow Ind or an oad canbe exuded ts determined that ose loads cannot be preset during {ne nyattesing pore. Fer load combinaions 47.1 and 4.1, only T loads expecta dung empty dead aad colton shal be conidered For lod combinations 47.14.7241 a 4.82 (pit cases) loa taco for Tom ppt) shal be 0.6 the load cntroutes the resisting forces and 1.0 {he nad contest the upc verumg forces Far al ter cae combatons lead factor rT (om png) shal be 0 h, Forload combinton 482 fl.» O vate shal be used fr he calcu of E Process Industy Pracicos Page 23.0750prestcowss ‘Sructural Design Cea COMPLETE REVISION ‘A011 2017 ‘Table 5 - Buildings and Open Frame Structures ‘Strength Design Load Combinations, ASEETIO. 7 ac 20120 enecat sretfoys | Builings and Open Frame Stuctures Dlapoe 6c 2015, | LoadGombinaton | STOIC? | OS Gee combination com. eit 14(0.+0)=12 7 ‘Operating Welt Sestaned Thermal 1 140 2 14 (0.404 +1278 ‘Test Weight + Sustained Thema 12 (0.209712 T+ 10 ‘Opeaing Weight Sistanes Thermal = Tenporany : s20+s61- ei sei vasuresarny eat ve + (Rootne” Snow or a) ostarson gaa | 12(0:+08)> 1278 107% Test Weight» Sustined Themat + Temporay el s0surorser ey Thermal Live Roof ese Snow or Rant} es 12(0.+D9+12%+ 107+ ‘Operating Weights Susaines Thema + Tempo ‘eitersarky ease "nema + (oot Live or Saw Rain) = Lie” s20-1sqearsorm+| °S? sautersarte saew Fst aa Snow erat) Wnt 5 sorSorR)+ eras 12D: +Dr)e 127 107% “eat weght » Suskind Thema Tempo, a 18iLsorSorRe s08U ‘Thermal (Rat eof Sow o Rae © Lye! ede 12(0.+DM*12 1 “est iegn = Sustanes Themat = s5{Urersormy 9 5 (oo vee Sow or Rat Wis leas 12 (0: 70s) 127+ 10> ‘pera Weight + Sustanes Thermal + Wind+ 7 12D°10WsL® Osu r0burorsaR) ive! Root Live Usa of Sow of Ra) as (Lorsorn) qa | 22 G0 12TH LOM Weg + Susanes Thema + Pare Wins OsUeas deorsorme het» Rot ve of Sow Ra ede bebebebanalta 12 (@.+0)+ 127.10. “Gperaing Weight Sustained ermal > davto2s Carnguate Lne + Snow : whi eae Emply Web + Sustaned Thema” + Wind 7 telat 26 0.9 (0.+ One 12TH 10W etd er soya. ‘peraing Weight + Susarea Thema? + Wed 362 09,0, +D 9+ 1274 10W ‘Wins Up aes) Process Industy Pracicos age 24 0750prestcowss COMPLETE REVISION ‘Sructural Design Cea ‘er 2017 ‘able 5 - Buildings and Open Frame Structures Strength Design Lead Combinations (Continued) ASCE, i eit. ene 1 | Bulge ane Opn Frame suet eon ‘acatis’ | Losdcominaion | STEOTONS | oan ee Soman Deseo conn 1 sage AaTee Enh Waghts Sustained Teal + athe : Tobshol hal SPS Pee HeT (Eannauake Upit Case) ara | oowsoyetates1aes | OPW» Sustaned Thema? > Eau SEamnate Ut Cua) car | 120 Da-tassan> | Opmatgyiegn sane Tema = Tergoay aes as aa lee row a wa wa sez | 12(G.-0.os2TR- 12TH | Te Woght «Soares Trama® «Tengo, eBireb denser Tema Une ool nee row or ae NOTES 2. Lead compmatons 512,522,533, 54, 42, ant 5.6.2 nomaly are requredon tr local menber design because hysrtesing snot ypcaty promod ‘nal pes ana equpment simutlaneusly Fer loa combinations 512, 8.2.2, 533,634, 5442, and 582, only Ts loads expected during hysotesing period sal be consis, [Ganado rot apt toapen fame stuctres with ne oa. For loa eomoinsons 22 6.3 ane 64 2, nly ade expects ting hytong pei halle conde, Fer load comoinons 522 5-33, 5.34, 642 and 8.2, cove bad, snow as ran oad can be excused ts Getemned at eke ade cannot be ‘resent danny the yatesing pared For loa comolnsors 531, 9., 51, 4.2, and 65, he 0. loa factor on Ls permite for L= 100 por less For > 100 pond factor on Ln hese ombinatns shal 2 2. Fer load combinalons 6.1 and 6-7-1, only T loads expects dung enpty dead loa conten shal be considered er loa combina 56.1, 562,51 and 52 (ypeates) loa tao TT (fom pst) shal e 09 the oad Contes ote resistng foros and 1.2 ‘fe Inns conte tothe ups or overimng fore Fora therloaecombnains aaa taro Ts om png) salle fhe se Sth oad fare fe {he dead ae, |. Forloa combination 6.72, fl,» D vate shal be uses fr the calcuatin of |. Lead compnatons 68.1 and 68.2 are bated on ASCE/SE 7.10. Commeniary Secon C23.8. Process Industy Pracicos Page 25.0750prestcowss ‘Sructural Design Cea 4223 Vertical Vessel Supports and Foundations COMPLETE REVISION ‘er 2017 Load combinations for vertical veisel supposts and foundations ae shown inthe following ables: a. For Allowable Stess Design, Tale 6 >, For Strength Design, Table? “Table 6 - Vertical Vessel Supports and Foundations ‘Allowable Stress Design Load Combinations aace 7 7.0 stat ve Vert vase supports Imcaotier | Ganazattoad greats od Peano Deetnon Beats Eomp.ne. | Speen amination = Peet (sustaneg i Cae or Detidon or Settee) ; : en ‘Opering Waght «Stared Terral © ° 2 er Temporary Thermal : canter Tes Wei used Thema > intl alts ith al ‘Temporary Thermal? ean DebeTeL operating Weg Sistned Tema Une 2 pet ea Demeter et Weight Susans Tema +e ean Deedee Tees peng Weght Sune Taal Show 2 D+(uorserR) 2 DOTA Test Weght»Sunaned Thea + Swe was seats 078T peraig went Sustanec Teal = Tenge : psozst+ ote a es “hermes Se omisasen Babee eors Te Tesi Waghts Sueno Terra Temprey bat OF5L + 0.75S¢ “Thermal Live + Snow! Process Industy Pracicos age 26.0750piesreooie COMPLETE REVISION Src espn One ‘sono “abe 6- Vertical Vessel Supports and Foundations Aowable Stess Design Load Combinations (Contnsed) a5cE70, ir | verte! Ysse supports ana erotier | oonwaitond msctue"| amguit | sri | etna tpetiecona srt cont ho. ei Orbe 708W peraing Weight = Sista Teal Wed s | cxwowmore | esa O.eD- rarer Opmaing Wet = Sune Tea arg mn bss T+ 06s “est Wait Susaned Thoma «Paral Wing tos Drp..T e078 Cprang Ws Sstaed Thema +The = [i lloxtailate petal Giswevioorss vin St Sete sere)” DiedeTss076L° Tesi Weis Suslned Tera ste + : Siswavanores Baal Sve we | OLOETE | ogs Die Deeeo7Le pectng Weg» Sued Tama Une > ares Crswren saree Svcs Soe en 08 (01-07-06, Sector eae base es ; . Taya Zt West Sustoned Tera + Wd 000+ 00w era 26 (0:0) 12+ 90W Sane Te era 08 (01-09 +7908 peg Wet Siiaed Tea Wid : Toy Woah Savane Terrat> Eagan? ean 600-0) 1907 \Gamaeace Un ase) ® csoeore waz | eng royererorenr | OMinG Wath» Sisaned tera! Earhqat 7 Te ‘(Earthquake Uplift Case) Process Industy Pracicos age 27 of 50prestcowss COMPLETE REVISION ‘Sructural Design Cea ‘er 2017 ‘Table 6 Vertical Vessel Supports and Foundations Allowable Stress Design Load Combinations (Continued) NOTES 2, Forload combinations 61.3, 062.2612, 4.2, 0.9, and 6682, only Toads expected dug hysotestng prod shal be consiere, Fer load combinations 613 and 6-42, ony Toads expected drag hytotestng pete sal be cnsieres ©. Forloa combinations 632 6-42 and 6a 2, snow ad can be exued TI cetermined that fi oad ean be present dung the ysotestng ped 4, For susupparesverca vases anc ski-supported elevated tanks laste as Pst Categny Il hs aecordarce wth Secon 1.5 and Table 1-1 of ‘ASCE/SEI 710 te ecalearauane provisions an pla Ia cman of Secton 18 7.10.8 of ASCE'SE! 7-10 shal be owed Lead conaton 6.7.1 equted ony Ime erecion woMco he vessels significant less an he empty weight te vessel 1 Ferload combinations 6-72 and 6-3, only Tslads expects ding epty dead load conten shall be considered 8. Forload comoinsons 672 6. 3,61 and 6.82 (pit cass) loa facto fr T rom png) shal be 0.6 the lod cntrutes the resisting forces and 10 hn {elo conte tothe up oveuming free Fra ther owe combats ead facto rT em ping) shale 10 Fer lead coreinson 6-82, il, *D; vai sal be used fr he clcuation of Es Load conbinatons 67.1, 6-72, 6173, 68.1, and 68 2 ates an overtuming contin fr foundation design. They donot ppy design of anchorage (ny) tothe ounsason |._Reofiveangrain ar tinued nis table because they dona pp vera verses. Process Industy Pracicos Page 28.0750pip sTeo%01s COMPLETE REVISION Srutu! Design Crtrie “apni 2017 Table 7 - Vertical Vessel Supports and Foundations Strength Design Load Combinations ‘ASCE7-I0, ‘aczortor| —anealicad | sreztors | _“anareunaotons Descrpti 186 2015 ‘Combination rea — a4 Gomb.No, | Speci Lond Combination ma 14(0.+D)+127. ‘Operating Welt Sestaned Thermal 1 sap 7a Tame 12Te “eat Welt Sistanes emar as 12(D+Dy rio 10 ‘Operating Went» Sustanes Terma! 2 120-161: rec roes ~TEmporaythemal vetoed Snow ostersem qa2 | 12D iz Testor Test Welt Sistas Tema" 1ei+osst «Temporary hema es Soe ra 12040127910 ‘Opeana Welt Sstanes Termar ies s05t" *Pemporry Themal Snow Le! ise 12 OD 12T ‘Operating Weigh» Sustanes Thermal 5 | 120+18 (or sorR) + Tests Show + Wid eros yaa | te Dy 12 Tee 1OTe Test Welt + Sustaned Themar feseoste + Temporary Thema Sno Let 734 12D.) 127+ Test Welt Sustained Thema? fasosw sow Wi or 12.9012 7 Cperaing Went» Sustained Thema + 7 t2p+10WsL+ Soweabrars Win ne» Snow Bs icorsorr) ie 12 (0.70) 1278 = “Test eigt «Sustained Thea = bea 7210+) 1277 1OER> Operas Wet > Susaed Thema + Ear ipertrore || obiesos Eartha” = Lie" = Siow 76s 09 0,04 10% Erector Wait = aril Wind 7 . (Wind Upit Case) ° ogssow 762 | op@soye12 T8010 Empy Wei Susianed Thema? + Wind ‘ind Upit case) sopra Tt ‘parang Weigh + Sustarea Thema? + Wid 783 09(0.+09+ 1277+ 10W on Susie Process Industy Pracicos age 290750prestcowss COMPLETE REVISION ‘Sructural Design Cea ‘er 2017 ‘Table 7- Vertical Vessel Supports and Foundations Strength Design Lead Combinations (Continued) sce 770, 7.70 lel pe Vertical ves upports Imegotier | genurattond | gress and Pounce Drscrpton eezots. Eombine. | speitckons amnion Tai | voswsoyeaztenvioes | ENOY WOH Sunes Tema’ = Eammane " oaors0e ease 77a | 09(@.+0ye12Th 106 Sasa Tena gach sesso ns onieeg nips mere rea Parga i ig fees orev Sew yaa | 12epy tates aT Test WeehieSusaned Teal «Teno SBLtaaS “pom the Se nares 4, For load combos 712, 7-22, 73, 7-34, 7-42, and 7-82, onl Ts load expected during hysetesing period sal be conse, ©. Fer lod combinations 7.22, 7-8.9 and 7-22, only 7s lads expected dung hytong prod shal te considered © For lod eombinsons 722 7-33, 7-34, 7-42 and 7-82, snouoad can ba exclude determine hat he load cannt be present cng te hyctesing peo 4, For loa comoinsions 7.21, 7-9.3, 744, 7-4.2, ana 7-5, he. loae actor on is permite or ‘ombinatins shal be. . Fo srsuppored veel vessels ane si-suppries elevated tanks clasife as Rsk Category IV in acotanc with Seton 15 and Table 18-4 of ‘ASce/Sel 710 te aca earthquake ponsioe anc ipl loa csnaion of Secion 15 208 of ASCE/SEI 7-10 sal be led f. Load catinaton 7-1 requtesiony te erecionwegto he vessel sien fess an the empty weight he vse 8. Ferload combinations 7-82 and 7-7 only Ts lads experts dung eply dead load conten shall be considered 1. Forlod eomoinsions 7-62 7-69, 7-4 and 7-72 (upiteaee) loos fot fT from png) hal e 0.9 # the load contre othe reistng ores nd 12 {fhe as conte othe ups o overtumng foros Fora thereae combnatons leas cor T= tom png) shal be fe same athe ea aco ‘he dono, |. Ferloa combination 72, Os + De vate sha be use fr he calovatin of Ee J. ead combinations 7-81 and 7-.2 ate based on ASCE’SE! 7-10 Cammeniny Section C235 Root ie arn ae not led nts table because thy do nt apoyo veriea ves. 100 pst ors. Fr. > 100 ps, loa face on Lin ese Process Industy Pracicos age 30.0750prestcowss ‘Sructural Design Cea 4.2.24 Horizontal Ves COMPLETE REVISION ‘er 2017 ‘and Heat Exchanger Supports and Foundations ‘Load combinations for vessels and hea exchanger supports and foundations ere shown in the following tables: a. For Allowable Stess Design, Table § b, For Strength Design, Table9 Table 8 - Horizontal Vessel and Heat Exchanger Supports and Foundations ‘Allowable Stress Design Load Combinations 9808 7, 7 orion Vesa Hen Exchang incroraor | — cerwattend | ercorons | “?"Stppone sna rouneatone veep eens Simone | Specmtanecombianon en Peet (custodial Gas to Deaton or Sateen) a ee Open Waght Sitar Tear 1 D ee ee ++ Temporary Thermal TesiWegitssusanee Tema ens Dee De tee Peis renal ror nonat soos ony) eat Debate peng Weight Sitanec Teale 7 ai B22 Dee DeTeeL Test Weight» Sustained Thermal” “hott haan ems) oan Dede peating Wot Susaned Thal Sew 3 DeuerserR) castes Test Waght Susaned Tarra ital nee Te _+ Snow (For Horizontal Vessels only) A D.=DieTe OTe ‘peng Weight Silanes Tema «Tengo 7 Deore Grstvares romas the Soon oniwesae [> DreD= Th -0757F+ | TeaWegn Susiaped Tema?» Tenpoay Terma Sata ieee "2S ar Sta ees Sa Process Industy Pracicos age 37 0f50prestcowss ‘Sructural Design Cea COMPLETE REVISION ‘er 2017 ‘Table 8 - Horizontal Vessel and Heat Exchanger Supports and Foundations Allowable Stress Design Load Combinations (Continued) “ASCE r-70, | sn ht ‘sczorzer| —ganeaitsad | sreatons |" Stppors end roundsiene esenption nea Eat RR wer [onaensvew pt a Shad war | BSS aa ee we [Pemgew es [em | RRS Seong career : oe ea Pe had sees (vind Ui Case) basta (Wind Upiit Case) vo a rs . eee. ba Bape p= 7 (Earthquake Upift Case) ne ed - baa —— (For Meat Exchangers Only) (Fort Excnangers Only) Process Industy Pracicos age 320750prestcowss COMPLETE REVISION ‘Sructural Design Cea ‘er 2017 Table 8- Horizontal Vessel and Heat Exchanger Supports and Foundations Allowable Stress Design Load Combinations (Continued). NOTES: 2 Frat corbin @.2and 41, Bema x xchange an hoz vesses tale theese tT Ta spect Secon 41.7. Fer los combinstons 8.1.3, 8.22, 8.2, 8:42, 853, and 8652, only Tloads expected during hysotstng pate shall be consere, For lod combinations 13 and 8-42, only loads expected ring hyiotestng pried shall be cnsieres Fer load combinations 832 6-42 and 64a.2, snow ad can be exsued TI's cetermined that fs oad ean be present dung the ysotestng ped {oad combination 271s requted ony Ite recon welt of he vesel is gifeany less an the empty weight ofthe vse For loa combinations 8-72 and 8.1, only Tad expects dung enpty dead load conten shal be considees For loa combinaons 872 6.73, 8.8% ad 8.6.2 (peat) loos fara ToT tom pn) shal be 0. the load cotutes teresting forces and 1.0 Ire load contbutes to he up overtuming faces For al oer loa combats oa face fT om ping) sabe 10, Fer loa combination 662, flO, = De vate shal be used fer he calouatin of Ee, Fer loa comoinations 8-9 ad 8-10, a esuced enpty dead load sal be ued fo heat exchangers dung bundle pul et the removal te Bune hea. {jv and aim re at ncaa si ale Nec hy do pet azn vasat and heat scans Process Industy Pracicos Page 33.0750prestcowss ‘Sructural Design Cea COMPLETE REVISION ‘er 2017 ‘Table 9- Horizontal Vessel and Heat Exchanger Supports and Foundations ‘Strength Design Load Combinations. 3808770, 770 rp | Horizon Vessel Het Exchang ‘mc aorzer | gumwaitons | arcotons | “Epon ana petuatone srt eeeztis Sonoina. | SpecteLoedComsnaion ent 1a o.0)-12% ee 1 nao os iaietelsteh Teale + Sanat Tema eT * (For Horizontal Vessels Only) oar | 12D TRE TOTP+ | Operate Wegh-Susapad Thame» Tenenary tedctat Pei Saks ovaathe Soe e o5(LorsorR) ce 1 2(Qee Dye t2Te ett Test Weghts Susaned Themal « Temporary jet=ps=" (For Horizontal Vessels Only) car | 2s bye taps LOT >] — Opeatng Weght = sutaned Tat“ Tenpay astak! Sena Sears oa2 OD aT Opera ght Sstaned Thera + row + Wr 3 aie a “Test Weight + Sustained Thermal* + Temporary Geroom aos | 12 Dyrtatert0Tes Teast rate es Sn a TapaDe ay TOAWORH «Sate Tea» Soon = Wi raed ro noran Vossen ai ipso. 12he eran eh» Sistaned Thera > Wawona toes oe eta + | tgpptewess Tee -sutaned Tema werso®) | a 12Qroprsznes adie tee Set ct (For Hortzonta Vessels Only) 3 | vzoriaercsozs | oe] #709512 Eg 108+ | Grate Stare nls Process Industy Pracicos Page 34 0750COMPLETE REVISION Soe ducon one ee Téble 9 -Horontl Vessel and Heat Exchanger Supports and Foundations Stenyn Design Lead Cominatons (Contac BEE] canmarrow | ertlns|Horznal eee Heat change isc 20's ombnation Com ‘Supports and Foundations Deserption Comb. No. ‘No. bpestie | nil ost 08.708 1M Ses can) 6 oe0+10w 982 09 (0.+0)+12T#"+10W Enoly Woah Suara Thema? + Weed east paetacosetatelow Tecan Wea Sissel : ere) Sica usa ont 09(0.+09+ 1273+ 198 Emply Wentz Sines Terma + Eatiake 7 2 ‘Operating Weight + Sustahed Thermal” + Earthquake a a Sune’ ema haa O5L+05S ‘Therma + Live + Snow. ban strane rarer Vesey NA NA os 12 (D.+ Ds) +1889 py wight unde Pu wa wn one 09004400) + 1689 re ees ee Process Industy Pracicos age 35.0750prestcowss COMPLETE REVISION ‘Sructural Design Cea ‘er 2017 Table 8 - Horizontal Vessel and Heat Exchanger Supports and Foundations ‘Strength Design Load Combinations (Continued) NOTES: a, For load combinations 81.2, 8-22, 93,834 842, and 882, only Ts loads expected during hyatesing period sal be conse, For loas comoinatons 82.1, 83.1 and 98:1, emal loa for eat exchangers andhorzoralvestls shal be te lesser fT Tras spetiied Seton Sa Soft Prater. «For load combinations 22 0-3. and 982 only Ts ads expected cng hyrcesng peri hal be considered 6: Fran consists 922 933,934,942 as 82, stow ca be ness Getemined Mat i ane resent ng he rang fe, Forload combinations 99.1, 9:2.3, 044, 9-42. and 65, he 0.Sloae factor on is permite or Conbiatins shal be. {Loa exten 8.5.1 equtecony rte erecton weight he vessels significant less an the empty weight of e vessel For load combina 62 and 9-7 ony Tlads expects ding enpty dead load conten shal be considered Fer las comoinstons 0-62 8.8.3, 0.71 and 8.7.2 pit cabe) loa fo fT rom png) shale 0.9 f the los contest tho resisting forces and 12 "oan oe covering Oe Frater an conte es arom pi) sabe Re sare as ea ar Felon combination 0.2, lO, + , vate sha be used fe he clouatin ot Fer lad combinations 29 and 8-10, a ecuced empty ad aad sal be ve for eat exchangare dug bund pul dt the removal te nde hea Load combinations 68.1 ans 8-.2 ate based on ASCEVSE! 7-10 Cammeniay Section C235 Foot ve and ran are not nuded tis table because they do nt api ohofzonal esses and heat exchanges 100 ps orless. For. > 100 pst. lod factor on mn these Process Industy Pracicos Page 36 0750prestcowss ‘Sructural Design Cea 4.2.25 Pipe Racks and Pipe Bridges Load combinations for pipe sacks and pipe bridges ae shown inthe follow a. For Allowable Stess Design, Table 10 ', For Stength Design, Table 11 ‘Table 10 Pipe Racks and Pipe Bridges ‘Allowable Stress Design Load Combinations COMPLETE REVISION ‘er 2017 tables: aac _ Bernier | cenwaltoad Pipe Racs and Pine ties ‘acaos, | Goninon | STe0s | ES aatcombiton Beecrpton comb. No. = = eee (sustsle Ca r Detdon 0 Sete) ; iat aes ‘Opering aght «Stared Terral © ° ona Oder Vico « Sued Tas potest Test Wag Ssianeo Thema + : DP TT Senge Tara at BisdoaTiek pean Weight Sitanee Tal Lie 2 oe vee Deorree Test Wet Susans Thema «uve wat Deedee Tees pening WeGht» Suan Teal row 2 D+(uorserR) waa cry Tes og « Sane Tama Grow a DsOer -O7eT pang weight Sustaned Tema» Tenge : psozst+ tetas ‘hoses Se omwasem [2 Tre Te 078 Ts TeslWii Sone Tema = Torpomy Orsleams “hows ne Sow Process Industy Pracicos age 37 0f50prestcowss ‘Sructural Design Cea ‘Table 10 Pipe Racks and Pipe Bridges COMPLETE REVISION ‘er 2017 Allowable Stress Design Load Combinations (Continued) “SCE 7-10, Pe erorier | ooneritons Pipe Race and Pipe Bee alee ‘eczos, | Gonbinmaon «| STEIN | ES attconbion Deep Comb. No. = vos b= Bi=T-08W ‘peng Weg Sataned Teale Wa | pewewaors | soee Ss peng Wejt» Sustne Tema! Eau oss DreDFv TP 06, Test Woh» Ssaed Therma» Pari in naa Crates es O7EL ‘pering Waght « uxtaned Tara Live 1 [ll onbrhn tate petn! Sisteaieores ‘ins Se Sete Sse Dee# oT -G76L+ Tesi WoGi » Sstanec Terma + Lie» M Bistoawasates naan: Sew O+OFLOSETE DieDseTev07846 peg Weght «Sutra Teal Lie > ba 075s sel (0.75 (0.7 Es) +0758 Earthquake + Snow vont Leal Ep Weght« Butane Trak = Wd . tote 04 06 (01+ 0) +72" D6 suai Tr v7 voy Tee Opang Weght «Sista Tama ibd alia Oe ‘(Sustained Thermal and Wind Uplift Case) oss oo. oy ToT e Erp weit Sustained Tema» Erte * csoeore ~ , oa | aaqprapenivares | OPSSing WER Suaned Tat Extaane® {Sustained Thermal and Esthavshe Ui Cate) Process Industy Pracicos age 38.0750prestcowss COMPLETE REVISION ‘Sructural Design Cea ‘er 2017 ‘Table 10 Pipe Racks and Pipe Bridges Allowable Stress Design Load Combinations (Continued) NOTES: 2, Lead continatons 10-19, 10:22, 1082, 1-42, 1043, an 1042 normaly are reed only for local member design becatsehycotesting isnot cally Derlomed on al pipes simultaneously b Forloa combinations 1013, 1.22, 0:32, 1042, 10.5.3, and 10:62. on T, loads expecedcurng hystotestng pero shal be considered ©. Forload combinations 1-13 and 10-42, ony Toads expected dung hysotesting prog sal be consicered 4, Ferloa comointons 1032, 1-42, and 10-682, snow ae ca be excuses determined Mat cannot Be present ung the hyrotestng peri ©. Forlos combinations 10-71 and 10-61, enyT ads expects rng empty dead las condton shal te consered. 1 For las comointons 10.71, 10.72, 108.1 an 108.2 (ptt eases), aco fo. (Fom ping) sale 0. fhe load contest the essing frees ‘ad 70h load contre tothe it” overng frees. Fra oe oad combinaons los aca fe Tom piping) shal Be 0, 4, Fer load combination 108.2 fu, + Dale shall be used forthe clean of Es n Fe ple acs th 20's of oer iypes of equlpment an vessels, nas anc load conblnaons wed or quent setues and vessesuppets (Tatles ‘bt and) sa ls be conisred as spice |_Root ve and rain are not nude sable because they do not apt tle racks an pipe ridges. Process Industy Pracicos age 390750prestcowss ‘Sructural Design Cea ‘Table 11 - Pipe Racks and Pipe Bridges ‘Strength Design Load Combinations. COMPLETE REVISION ‘A011 2017 asce70, re erotier | oeneaitons Pine Racks and Pipe Sages Specie ee ‘ooze | ombinason | STEOTONS ‘ad combnaen Deep Comb. No. = tet taOsrDye 12 pectin Wet > Sutin Terral 1 140 tag Va @sOHe12Te Test wegnt «Sanaa Thema car | 1zID=Dy 127-70 | Sprang Weg = Stns Thema = Teves : t20e16t Pac dees fica Se osworserm | 2, | tabs bie tates s0Ts | TaN susabed Demat EIS 2 one ee ‘(Earthquake Uplift Case) 7 2 eye tat 12T+ | OpwangiignsSusanes Teal Tenparay iy ied Saiaes nme ow aaa | 12IB Dye 12TosT2Te> | TatveihSushwed ema’ Tenpoay noes 1, Lead combinations 1-12, 11:22, 1-09, 1-94, 1442, an 1182 normaly are requresony fr loc! member desgnbesausehycotesting i ot pally Deromed onal pipes simultaneously. by, Forload combintons 1112, 11-22, 1-33, 11-34, 11-42, ane 118.2, onl Ts loads expectes ng hyettestng pes shal be conscees ©. Forloa combinations 11-22, 11-33, and 11-8.2, oly Toads expected dung hyrotesing period shal be considered. 4, Forloa comolaons 1-22, 1-93, "34, 1182, and 17-82, snow oad ca Beeld Its deletmines tat eannot be present cing the hyeotestng eto ©, Forload combinations 111, 1-93, 1-41, 17412, nd 15, he 05 lead factor on Lis permits fr L= 100 pat ot ss, Fr > 10 ps, oad factor en in ‘nese combinations shal be 1. 1. Forload combinations 1-61 and 1-7-1 ony T nds expects dung empty dead las condton shal te consicered 9. Ferloa combinations 1-64, 1.82, 1-71 and 11-72 pit eases), ead actor eT, (om piping) sal be Of he lead conus to he esting ces 30012 te adores eG rein es. Fo al eral cantina, en rT. (Ram) sa be he sane eas hh. Ferload combination 11-72 a Ds + Dy value shall be used forthe clean of 1 Fe pin ace wih cools or ihr types of equipment and veel, fac and Ind combina ved a epee stctues and seal supper (Tales 5,71 and) salalso be consiored as apeatle |. Load combinations 11-81 and 1-82 af based on ASCE‘SE! 7-1, Commentary Secton 02:35. Root ive aaa are nat etused nts able because tey do nt apt ope acks ana pipe ges. Process Industy Pracicos age 41 oF50prestcowss COMPLETE REVISION ‘Sructural Design Cea ‘er 2017 42.26 Ground-Supported Storage Tank Foundations. “Load combinations for ground supported storage tank foundations sll bein accordance with API Standard 650 ‘as referenced by SCE SEI 7-10, Load combinations tou API Standard 650 modified forse With ASCE SEI = 10 loads as applicable and Process Indus Practices (PIP) nomenclature are shown in Table 12. Load ‘combinations in Table 12 are for Allowable Suess Design, For design of anchorage and reinforced concrete for foundasons lod combinations in Table 12 will need tobe converted to Strength Design ‘Table 12- Loading Combinations - Allowable Stress Design 77 me ‘erane-suppores 3700 | cenwralLondcontinaton | sréciots | stage Tor fSanatons ection cone Stone | SOSRE CER mee 5 Ore a en Opwatig West hava essa D De Hehs 1 Oro Test eg + Tesi Pressure ‘eat Bisbee ebm Ero Weg Wheel Press © Due W + Fey ada 82 ses We Fane prag Wot Wed eles eat DO. W 704 P Eng Weg Wed + Enea Pesos @ Di+W+04P. yet waa B= Bis WeDAPP Oprtig Ween = Wed «Enel Press™ a | pewesaaieoan| et | dedveworsjecane pera Weg ur Le Lpd er So > oat eel Troha xena eae = De* Dy + Pe +04 (Lror8) ‘(Root Live Load or Snow) bi paar T ‘Operating Weight + Exteral Pressure + ert See (Root Live Load or Snow) 1 | pereecoreenm | ar | reb.ceseoreer Speciale Ears row + 1, For ema! pressures suction tn shal in sccotdance wih he ules of AP Standard 650, lank, ancher bolls an foundation shal be designed othe ‘tultonalrecaremerts of Append 7 of AP Standard 650 Agpendbc® 7. ». Ifthe rat of aperang pressure to design pressure exceeds 04, he ayer shal conser spetyng& hgherfacr on cesin pressure oad combinations «6. Eartiquak lead or AP Standard 65 ark ake rom ASCE/SEI 710 "ordgng equation’ er tom AP) Stander 80 ireay mde the 0,7 ASD soles weer 4. The pressure combination foie (FIs dened asthe ra of oma operating pressure to design pressure, witha minimum value of 04. Process Industy Pracicos age 220750PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria 423 4227 COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 Load Combinations for Machinery, Skid and Modular Equipment, Filters, and Other Equipment Supports and Foundations, 1. Load combinations for static machinery, skid and modular equipment, filters, and other equipment supports and foundations shall be similar to the load combinations for vertical vessel supports and foundations. 2. For rotating or reciprocating machinery, other load combinations that include dynamic loads which are specific to the type of machine shall be considered. ‘Test Combinations 4.23.1 4.23.2 Engineer of record shall determine the appropriate test load combinations to adequately address actual test conditions in accordance with project and code requirements. Consideration shall be given to the sequence and combination of testing for various equipment, vessels, tanks, and/or piping systems supported on common structures, pipe racks, or foundations. 3 Full wind and earthquake loads are typically not combined with test Joads unless an unusually long test duration is planned (i... if a significant probability exists that the “partial wind velocity” can be exceeded or an earthquake event can occur). If specified in the contract documents, additional loading shall be included with test. For strength design, no load factor reduction shall be permitted for any test load combination, 4.3 Structural Design ‘Structural design shall be in accordance with appropriate sections of JBC 2012 ot IBC 2015 as applicable. 4.3.1 Steel 4.3.1.1 Structural steel shall be designed in accordance with ANST/AISC 360 and Process Industry Practices 43.12 43.13 43.14 43.15 43.16 where required, AISC 341 Steel cold-formed shapes shall be designed in accordance with AIST S100. Steel joists shall be designed in accordance with SJI-CJ, SUK, SJT- LHDLH, ot SII-J. Steel deck shall be designed in accordance with SDI CJ.0, SDI NC1.0, or SDIRD1.O. Steel, including steel joists and metal decking, shall be designed in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1926, Subpart R, to provide structural stability during erection and to protect employees from the hazards associated with steel erection activities, Unless otherwise specified in contract documents, all welded structural connections shall use weld filler material in accordance with AWS. Page 43 of 50PIP STC01055 COMPLETE REVISION ‘Structural Design Criteria ‘April 2017 D1.1/D1.1M, Section 3.3 including Table 3.1, and have an electrode strength of 58 ksi (400 MPa) minimum yield strength and 70 ksi (490 MPa) tensile strength, 4.3.1.7 Unless otherwise specified in contract documents, structural steel wide- flange shapes, including WT shapes, shall be in accordance with ASTM A992/A9IOM. 4.3.1.8 Unless otherwise specified in contract documents, hollow structural sections (HSS shapes) shall be in accordance with 4S7M.4500 Grade B. 4.3.1.9 Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, all other structural shapes, plates, and bats shall be in accordance with ASTM 436/436M or ASTM.AS72/4572M Grade 50. 4.3.1.10 Preference in design shall be given to shop-welded, field-bolted conmections. 4.3.1.1 Compression flanges of floor beams, not supporting equipment, may be considered braced by decking (ie., concrete or floor plate) if positively connected thereto 4.3.1.12 Grating shall not be considered as lateral bracing for support beams. 4.3.1.13 Unless otherwise specified in contract documents, high-strength bolts for structural members shall be ASTM F3125, Grade A325 (ASTM F3125M, Grade A325M), Type 1. type-N (ie., bearing-type with threads included in the shear plane) except where type-SC bolts are required for slip-critical connections in accordance with RCSC Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts. 4.3.1.14 Bolt size shall be as follows: a. For structural members, 3/4 inch (M20) minimum b, For railings, ladders, purlins, and girts, 5/8 inch (16 mm) in accordance with ASTM 4307 4.3.1.15 Minimum thickness of bracing gusset plates shall be 3/8 inch (10 mm) 4.3.2 Concrete 4.3.2.1 All concrete shall be designed in accordance with ACI 318 /ACT 318M. 4.3.2.2 Concrete for environmental engineering concrete structures shall also be designed in accordance with ACT 350 / ACT 350M as applicable. 4.3.2.3 Concrete structures for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) facilities shall also be designed in accordance with NFPA 594 as applicable, 4.3.24 Concrete structures for the containment of refrigerated liquefied gases shall also be designed in accordance with ACI 376 / ACI 376M as applicable. 4.3.2.8 Concrete Dural 1. Engineer of record shall determine exposure class based on the severity of the anticipated exposure of structural concrete members for each exposure category in accordance with ACI 318-1] / ACI Process Industry Practices Page 44 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria 43.3 43.4 43.5 Process Industry Practices COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 3ISM-11, Table 4.2.1 of ACI 318-14 / ACI 318M-14, Table 19.3.1.1 as applicable. Concrete shall be designed in accordance with the durability requirements of ACT 318-11 / ACT 318Mé11, Chapter 4 or ACI 318-14 /ACT318M-14, Chapter 19 as applicable. 3. Environmental engineering concrete structures shall also be designed in accordance with the durability requirements of ACI 350 / ACT 350M, Chapter 4, as applicable. 4.3.2.6 Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, all reinforcing steel shall be in accordance with 4S7M 4615/4615M Grade 60 (420) deformed. 4.3.2.7 ASTM 4615/4615M Grade 60 (420) plain wire in accordance with ASTM A1064/41064M may be used for spiral reinforcement. 4.3.2.8 Welded wire reinforcement shall be in accordance with ASTM A1064/41064M. 4.3.2.9 Reinforcement designed to resist earthquake-induced flexural and axial forces in frame members and in wall boundary elements shall be in accordance with ASTM 4706/4706M. ASTM 4615/4615M Grade 60 (420) reinforcement is acceptable for these members under the following conditions: a. The actual yield strength based on mill tests is not greater than the specified yield strength by more than 18,000 psi (125 MPa). Retests shall not be greater than this value by more than an additional 3,000 psi (21 MPa). b, The ratio of the actual ultimate tensile strength to the actual tensile yield strength is not less than 1.25. 4.3.2.10 Precast and prestressed concrete shall be designed in accordance with, PCI MNL-120. Masonry ‘Masonry shall be designed in accordance with TMS 402/4CI S30/ASCE 5. Elevator Supports Elevator supports shall be designed in accordance with ASME 417.1/CS4 B44. Crane Supports 4.3.5.1 Vertical deflection of support runway girders shall not be greater than the limits shown in Table 13 when loaded with the maximum wheel loads, without impact. L is the span length, based on classification of cranes in accordance with CMA4 No. 70 and CMA4 No, 74. Page 45 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria 43.52 43.53 43.54 COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 Table 13 - Maximum Allowable Support Runway Girder Vertical Deflections ‘Top-Running OMAA Glass A,B, and G Cranes 600 “Top-Running OMAA Glass D Granes 800 Top-Running CMAA Giass E and F Cranes W100 Under-Running CMAA Class A,B, and Granes | L450 Monorails Ua50 Vertical deflection of jib crane support beams shall not be greater than 11/225, where L is the maximum distance from the support column to load location along the length of the jib beam, if loaded with the ‘maximum lifted plus hoist loads, without impact. Lateral deflection of support runway girders for cranes with lateral ‘moving trolleys shall not be greater than L/400, where L is the span length, when loaded with a total crane lateral force not less than 20% of the sum of the weights of the lifted load (without impact) and the crane trolley. The lateral force shall be distributed to each runway girder with consideration for the lateral stiffuess of the runway girders and the structure supporting the runway girders Crane stops shall be designed in accordance with the crane ‘manufacturer's requirements or, if not specified, for the following load: F=WV2(2gTn) where: F Design force on crane stop, kins (kN) w 50% of bridge weight + 90% of trolley weight, excluding the lifted load, kips (kN) v Rated crane speed, fsec (misec) g Acceleration of gravity, 32.2 tisec? (9.8 misec?) T Length of travel (ft) of spring or plunger required to stop crane, from crane manufacturer, typically 0.15 ft (0.05 m) n= Bumper efficiency factor (0.5 for helical springs. Consult erane manufacturer for hycraulic plunger.) 4.3.6 Allowable Deflection and Drift Limits 43.6.1 43.62 43.63 Process Industry Practices Deflection and drift limits should be based on serviceability of interconnected, drift or deflection-sensitive equipment, piping systems, and/or building systems and components supported by the structure or building Drift limits specified in this Section are based on service level loads and should be evaluated by the engineer of record for application in particular circumstances. Allowable wind drift limits for pipe racks shall not be greater than H/100, where H is the pipe rack height. Page 46 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria 437 Process Industry Practices 43.64 43.65 43.66 43.6.7 43.68 43.69 COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 Except as specified in the following subsections, the allowable wind story drift limits for occupied buildings shall not be greater than 1/200, where H is the story height. Allowable wind drift limits for pre-engineered metal buildings shall not be greater than H/80, where His the building height. Allowable wind drift limits for a building with a bridge crane that is required to be in service even during hurricanes shall not be greater than 11/400 or 2 inches (50 mum), whichever is less, where His the height from the base of the crane support structure to the top of the runway girder. Allowable wind drift limits for buildings with bridge cranes that are not to be in service during hurricanes shall not be greater than H/200 or 2 inches (50 mm), whichever is less, where His the height from the base of the crane support structure to the top of the runway girder. Allowable wind drift limits for process structures and personnel access platforms shall not be greater than H/200, where His the structure height at elevation of drift consideration. Allowable seismic drift limits shall be in accordance with 4SCE/SEI 7. Foundations 43.7.1 43.7.2 43.73 43.74 Foundation design shall be based on the results of a geotechnical engineering investigation, The minimum overturning “stability ratio” for the load combinations in Section 4.2, except for load combinations with earthquake load, shall be 1.0. See Section 4.3.7.4 for the minimum overturning “stability ratio” for earthquake loads. Comment: This requirement is consistent with ASCE/SEI 7 provisions, in which the “factor of safety” is built into the load factors in the load combinations for uplift cases. The minimum factor of safety against sliding for the load combinations in Section 4.2, except for load combinations with earthquake load, shall be 1.0, See Section 4.3.7.4 for minimum sliding factor of safety for earthquake loads, Comment: This requirement is consistent with ASCE/SEI 7 provisions, in which the “factor of safety” is built into the load factors in the load combinations for uplift cases. Overturning and sliding caused by earthquake loads shall be checked in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7-10, Chapter 12. The minimum overturning “stability ratio” and the minimum factor of safety against sliding for load combinations with earthquake load shall be 1.0. In addition, the minimum overtuming “stability ratio” for the anchorage and foundations of skirt-supported vertical vessels and skirt-supported elevated tanks classified as Risk Category IV in accordance with ASCE/SEI 7-10, Section 1.5 and Table 1.5-1, shall be 1.2 for the critical earthquake loads specified in ASCE/SEI 7-10, Section 15.7.10.5. Page 47 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria 43.8 Process Industry Practices 43.7.5 43.76 43.7.7 43.78 43.79 COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 ‘The minimum factor of safety against buoyancy shall be 1.2 if using actual unfactored service loads, Long-term and differential settlement criteria shall be determined by the engineer of record. Special consideration shall be given to differential settlement of foundations supporting interconnected, setlement-sensitive equipment or piping systems. Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, the top of concrete or grout, if required, of pedestals, piers, and ringwalls shall be 1 ft (300, 1mm) above the high point of finished grade. Except for foundations supporting ground-supported storage tanks, uplift load combinations containing earthquake loads do not need to include the vertical components of the seismic load effect. E, if used to size foundations Foundations for ground-supported storage tanks that have sufficient internal pressure to lft the shell shall also be designed in accordance ‘with API Standard 650, Appendix F.7.5. 4.3.7.10 Foundations for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Facilities shall also be designed in accordance with NFP4 59A as applicable. ‘Supports for Vibrating Machinery 43.8.1 43.82 43.83 43.84 43.85 43.86 Machinery foundations shall be designed in accordance with PIP REIE686/API RP686, Chapter 4: PIP REIE6S64, Chapter 4: equipment manufacturer's recommendations; and published design procedures and criteria for dynamic analysis. If equipment manufacturer's vibration criteria are not available, the maximum velocity of movement during steady-state normal operation shall be limited to 0.12 inch (3.0 mm) per second for centrifugal machines and to 0.15 inch (3.8 mm) per second for reciprocating machines. Support structures or foundations for centrifugal machinery greater than 500 horsepower shall be designed for the expected dynamic forces using dynamic analysis procedures. ‘Unless specified otherwise by the equipment manufacturer, for grade ‘mounted centrifugal machinery 500 horsepower or less. in the absence of a detailed dynamic analysis, the foundation weight shall be designed to be at least three times the total machinery weight. Weight of a grouted equipment skid can be considered part of the foundation weight for this provision. ‘Support structures or foundations for reciprocating machinery greater than 200 horsepower shall be designed for the expected dynamic forces using dynamic analysis procedures. Unless specified otherwise by the manufacturer, for grade mounted seciprocating machinery 200 horsepower or less. in the absence of a detailed dynamic analysis, the foundation weight shall be designed to be at least five times the total machinery weight. Weight of a grouted Page 48 of 50PIP STC01055 ‘Structural Design Criteria 43.9 COMPLETE REVISION ‘April 2017 equipment skid can be considered part of the foundation weight for this provision 4.3.8.7 The allowable soil-bearing or allowable pile capacity for foundations for equipment designed for dynamic loads shall be a maximum of balf of the normal allowable for static loads. 4.3.88 The maximum eccentricity between the center of gravity of the combined ‘weight of the foundation and machinery and the bearing surface shall be 5% in each direction, 4.3.8.9 Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, if equipment manufacturer's frequency criteria are not available, structures and foundations that support vibrating equipment shall have primary modes ‘of natural frequency that are outside the range of 0.80 Co 1.20 times the exciting frequency. Cast-in- lace Anchors in Concrete 4.3.9.1 Cast-in-place anchors in concrete shall be headed type or rods with threaded ends with compatible outs using ASTM 436/436M, ASTM 4307, ASTM F1554 Grade 36, ASTM F1354 Grade 35, ASTM F1554 Grade 105, ASTM 4193/4193M Grade B7, ASTM 4354 Grade BC, ot ASTM A354 Grade BD material. 4.3.9.2 All ASTM 436/436M, ASTM A307, and ASTM F1554 Grade 36 anchors shall be hot dip galvanized, 4.3.9.3 Anchorage design shall be in accordance with PIP STE0S 121 4.3.10 Wood 43.11 Wood design shall be in accordance with the ANSI/AT'S NDS and with the NDS Supplement - Design Values for Wood Construction. Design of Drilled Shafts 4.3.1.1 Minimum vertical reinforcement shall be 0.50% of the pier gross area or as required to resist axial loads and bending moments, 4.3.11.2 The minimum clear spacing of vertical bars shall not be less than three times the maximum coarse aggregate size nor less than three times the vertical bar diameter. 4.3.11.3 Reinforcing steel shall permit a mininmam of 3 inches (75 mm) of concrete cover on piers without casing and 4 inches (100 mm) of concrete cover on piers in which the casing is to be withdrawn. 4.3.12 Design of Driven Piles Process Industry Practices 4.3.12.1 In addition to in-place conditions, piles shall be designed to resist handling, transportation, and installation stresses. 4.3.12.2 Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, the exposure condition shall be evaluated to establish the corrosion allowances for steel piles. Page 49 of 50COMPLETE REVISION PIP S7C01015 ‘Structural Design Criteria ‘Apr 2017 4.3.12.3 The top of piles shall penetrate a minimum of 4 inches (100 mm) into the pile cap. 4.3.13 Vessel Load Cell Supports ‘Supports for vessel load cells shall be designed in accordance with PIP PCCWEOO! and PIP PCEWEOO1 4.4 Existing Structures Ifthe owner and the engineer of record agree that the integrity of an existing structure is 100% of the original design and the existing loading on the structure is 100% or less of the original allowable capacity based on the materials used and design codes in effect at the time of original design, structural desigas shall be performed in accordance with the following: a. Tfadditions or alterations to an existing structure do not increase the force in any structural element or connection by more than 5%, no further analysis is required. b. If the increased forces on the element or connection are greater than 5%, the element or connection shall be analyzed to show that it is in accordance with the applicable design code for new construction. The strength of any structural element or connection shall not be decreased to less than that required by the applicable design code or standard for new construction for the structure in question. Process Industry Practices Page 50 of 50