Worksheet

2.1b Balanced diet and food labels

Name: ......................................................................................................
Class: ......................................................................................................
Date: ......................................................................................................

Balanced diet
1. Complete the table using information from the Student’s Book.

Nutrients Why our body needs this Examples of foods that contain
nutrient this nutrient
Carbohydrates

Fats (lipids)

Proteins

Vitamins and
minerals

Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology

Water

2. Look at some different food labels.

Use the information on the food label to complete the table on the next page.

Sweetcorn has been added as an example.

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 Food Amount in 100 g (or 100 ml) Other observations
from the food label
Energy Protein Carbohydrate Fat
in kJ in g in g in g
Sweetcor 324 2.4 11.8 1.7 Contains 2.4 g of fibre
n and no salt

3. Look at the data you collected.

a. Which food had the highest protein content?

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b. Explain why people need to eat food that contains protein.

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4. Look at the energy content and the fat content of the foods.

Describe the relationship between energy content and fat content of food.

Challenge question
Salt is a mineral. The value of salt is often given separately to other minerals.
Research why some people need to know how much salt they are eating.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology

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 Worksheet Investigating the energy content
2.1c of food
Name: ......................................................................................................
Class: ......................................................................................................
Date: ......................................................................................................

You are going to investigate the energy content of food.

You will need:

Different foods, measuring cylinder, boiling tube, thermometer, mounted needle or tongs,
clamp stand, heatproof mat, Bunsen burner.

Safety
You must not taste or eat any of the food samples. Tell your teacher if you have any food
allergies. Do not hold the sample in your hand when fixing on the needle; hold it on a board
and push the needle down.
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What to do:
A. Use a measuring cylinder to measure out 20 cm3 of cold water.
B. Pour the water into a boiling tube.
C. Record the temperature of the water.
D. Use a stand and clamp to hold the boiling tube above the bench at an angle pointing
away from you.
E. Put a heatproof mat underneath the boiling tube.
F. Gently push the mounted needle into a piece of food or hold the food with tongs.
G. Hold the food in a Bunsen flame until it starts to burn.
H. Hold the burning food under the boiling tube of cold water.
I. When the food has finished burning, record the temperature of the water.
J. Repeat steps B–I with each food sample. Use a clean boiling tube and fresh water
each time.
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1. Record your results in a suitable table on a separate sheet.

Use these headings in your table and add the correct units.

a. food

b. temperature of water before burning

c. temperature of water after burning

d. change in temperature

Analysis
2. Which food tested contained the most energy?

3. How do your results show this?

4. Not all the energy in the food heated the water.

Describe ways the energy was lost.

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5. Suggest one way you could have improved your investigation.
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 Challenge question
6. The energy content of food can be calculated using this formula.

energy = mass of water × change in temperature × 4.2

The units of energy are joules (J) and the mass of 20 cm3 of water = 20 g

a. Calculate the energy content of the food you tested.

b. Describe how you could change your investigation to find the energy content in one
gram of food.
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 Worksheet
2.1d Guideline daily amounts
Name: ......................................................................................................
Class: ......................................................................................................
Date: ......................................................................................................

Guideline daily amounts (GDAs) are provided by heath organisations to help us understand
how much of the different nutrients we should eat.

The table shows the GDA for some nutrients.

Children
Typical value Women Men
(5–10 years)
Energy 8368 kJ 10460 kJ 7500 kJ
Protein 45 g 55 g 24 g
Carbohydrates 230 g 300 g 220 g
Sugar 90 g 120 g 85 g
Fat 70 g 95 g 70 g
Fibre 24 g 24 g 15 g
Salt 6g 6g 4g

1. a. How many grams of fibre should an adult eat each day?

b. Which types of foods are good sources of fibre?

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2. The value for carbohydrates includes the values for sugar and starch.

The carbohydrate GDA for men is 300 g. How much of this 300 g should be starch?
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 3. Suggest why men need more carbohydrate in their diet than women.

4. Pierre is nine years old. He eats 75 g of fat in one day.

If he was to do this every day it could affect his fitness. Explain why.

5. Some food labels show the amount of each nutrient as a percentage of the GDA.

Pierre eats a chocolate bar. The table shows the information from the food label on the
chocolate bar. The values are for one whole chocolate bar.

Nutrient Amount in one chocolate bar Percentage of GDA

energy 1195 kJ 15.9
fat 14 g
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carbohydrate 33 g
sugar 10 g
fibre 1g
protein 4g

Calculate the percentage of the GDA that each nutrient supplies and write it in the final
column of the table. The energy value has been done for you. You will need to look back at
the table of GDA values shown on the previous page to help you with this question.

You should round your answer to one decimal place.

Challenge question
The values (GDAs) in the table for question 1 are guidelines.
Different people will need to eat more or less than the recommended amount.
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Write down an example of someone who may need more energy than the GDA.

Suggest why a pregnant woman would need more protein than other women.

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 Worksheet
2.2b Obesity
Name: ......................................................................................................
Class: ......................................................................................................
Date: ......................................................................................................

Research and answer the questions below, using your Student’s Book and the internet.

When you have completed these questions, present the information you have gathered in
the form of a poster or presentation.

Make sure your poster or presentation shows the information clearly and uses suitable
images.

1. Describe what is meant by the word obesity.

2. Explain how diet can cause obesity.

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3. How can you find out if someone is obese?

Include ideas about weight, height or measurements of waist and hips in your answer.
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4. Write down ways being obese can affect your fitness.

5. Write down ways being obese can affect your circulatory system.

6. Write down ways you can avoid becoming obese.

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 Worksheet
2.2c Smoking
Name: ......................................................................................................
Class: ......................................................................................................
Date: ......................................................................................................

1. The diagram shows apparatus that can be used to look at cigarette smoke.

a. Predict what will happen to the temperature shown on the thermometer.

b. What substance causes the cotton wool to become brown?

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c. The Universal Indicator turns yellow. What does this tell you about the gases in
cigarette smoke?

d. Give the name of the addictive drug in cigarette smoke.

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2. Look carefully at the graph below. It shows a link between the number of deaths from
lung cancer and the number of cigarettes smoked.

a. What is the name of this type of graph?

b. What is the name of the line that has been drawn through the points?

c. Use the graph to estimate the number of deaths from lung cancer occurring in one year Cambridge Lower Secondary Biology
per 1000 people if 3000 cigarettes are smoked per person.

d. What substance in tobacco smoke causes lung cancer?

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