STS REVIEWER Copernicus- rediscovered the rotation of the earth 4.

Science as a personal and social activity-

and the sun is the center of the solar system improve life and survive in life
Science- the systematic study of the structure and
behaviour of the physical and natural world
Modern Ages SOME INTELLECTUAL AND THEIR
through observation and experimentation
Galileo Galilei- first to use the modern scientific REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
Technology- the application of scientific
method
knowledge for practical purposes
-spy glass now as telescope Nicolas Copernicus- book “Epitome or Sumary
Society- a set of individuals, people living together
Isaac Newton- define laws of gravity and of Ptolomy’s Almagest”
planetary motion -Epitome- observation of the heavens
IMPORTANCE OF STS
Albert Einstein- famous scientist of 20th century Heliocentric Model- the sun is the center of the
-Science allows us to understand the world we
-e=mc² in calculus universe
live in and the universe that surrounds us at a
Industrial Revolution- beginning of factories Claudius Ptolemy- Earth is the center
deeper level, whereas technology improves our
20th century- gave birth to radio
standard of living and opens up new opportunities
Charles Darwin- Theory of Evolution
for exploration and communication that we can
President Joseph Estrada -“Survival of the Fittest”
take full advantage of.
-has 2 major legislation -Origin of the species
1. Philippine clean Air act
UNIT 1
2. electric commerce act Sigmund Freud- founder of “Psychoanalysis”
Ancient Ages- beginning of the time
President Gloria M. Arroyo -Proposed 2 models
Sciend and technology- can be traced 2 million
-labelled as the “Golden Age” 1.Topographical Model- Concept of
years ago
-fifth Republic hysteria(unconscious mind)
President Benigno C. Aquino 2. Structural Model(the psyche)
Bronze Age- bronze was used in making
-“Father of Organic Farming” a.) ID- primitive Instinctive component (pleasure)
weapons
b.) Ego- ID which has been modified(reality)
-2 wheeled carts had been created
UNIT 2 c.) Super Ego- synthesizes the morals(identifies
Pyramids- most outstanding development in the
Scientific Revolution what is right and wrong)
field
1. Science as an Idea- Ideas and theories
Urbanization- Development of large cities
2. Science as an Intellectual activity- Mesoamerica
systematic observation and >Mayan- measuring time using 2 complicated
Middle Ages- also called as “Dark Ages”
experimentation calendar
Renaissance Era- rebirth of knowledge
3. Science as body of knowledge- school >Quipu- knotted ropes
Gutenberg- developed “printing press”
science >Inca textile- cloth
Leonardo Da Vinci- great pioneer in arts
Middle Eastern Countries
Ibn al-Haytham- muslim scientist, “father of
optics”
Muhammad ibn Musa al-kwarizmi- concept of
algorithm
Jabir ibn Hayyan- Father of chemistry
The Lebombo bone- tool for mathematics
UNIT 3
Galleon Trade- brought additional technology and
development
MOST FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF
SCIENCE
1. Ramon C. Barba- more flowers in mango
tree
2. Josefino Comiso-observing antarctica using
satellite images
3. Jose B. Cruz Jr.- known in the field of
electrical engineering
4. Lourdes J. Cruz- sea snail venom
5. Fabian M. Dayrit- herbal medicine
6. Rafael D. Guerero III- tilapia culture
7. Enrique M. Ostrea Jr.- meconium drug
testing
8. Lilian F. Patena- walang buto (seedless)
9. Mari-Jo P. Ruiz- educator and graph
theorist
10. Gregory L. Tangonan- research in
the filed of communication technology
FILIPINO SCIENTIST RECOGNIZED ABROAD
1.Ceasar A. Paloma- internationally renowed
physicist technology
2. Edgardo Gomez- famous scientist in marine
science
3. William Padolina- chemistry and president
4. Angel Alcala- marine development and ecology
concerns
UP Los Baños- Paradise agriculture
UP Visayas- Center of marine
UP Manila- Center of excellence
UP Diliman- engineering complex
UNIT 4
Indigenous knowledge- daily life experiences
Indigenous science- indigenous knowledge
system, includes complex arrays of knowledge
Wedge- tool from stone and flints
Nude Woman (venus of Willendorf)- portable art
the represent “fertility”
Homo Erectus- using fire to cook
Holocene Extinction- the sixth extinction or more
aptly Anthropocene extinction
Unit 5
Verification theory- hypothesis is being accepted
Falsification theory- ideology is not proven,
otherwise rejected by verification
Karl Popper- proponent of the view falsification
theory
Scientific Method- systematic way of studying
things and finding answers to questions
How to solve problem in scientific method
1. Observe- determine
2. Determine the problem- identify
3. Formulate hyphothesis- reject the null
hypothesis is the goal
4. Conduct experiment- setting independent
and dependent variables
5. Gather and analyze
6. Formulate conclusion and provide
recommendation
UNIT 6
Aristotle- the first philosopher who approached
the problem of reality
Plato- change is perplexing
2 Realities
>The World of Forms- things are changing
>The World of Matter- the entities are only copies
Aristotle- “this world is all there is it to…”
Change- process that is inherent in things
I. Materialism
-the world and is made up and is controlled by
tiny invisible units(atomos/seeds)
-Atomos(invisible particles)

II. Hendonism
-see the end of life acquiring pleasure
-mantra is “eat, drink,…” or “YOLO”

III. Stoicism
-those who live their lives in the real world
-founder is Athens by Zeno of Citium
-Apatheia means indifferent

IV. Theism
-using God as a fulcrum on their existence
-polytheism (more gods)

V. Humanism
-humans have the right and responsibility to
give meaning and shape their own lives
-man is free to carve his own destiny

Eudainomia (daimon-true nature)

-true happiness is found by leading a virtuous
life

Boniwell- feeling good is not enough for a

good life